A yanzu kawai wajibi bai ji labarin sushi ba. Kodayake mutane da yawa suna da mahimmanci game da wannan tasa. A mafi kyau, kalmar "sushi" shine cakuda shinkafa da kayan marmari da aka nannade cikin kifin kifin da ruwa mai laushi, wanda aka shafe shi a cikin soy sauce ko wasabi. Amma wannan tasa ne mafi mahimmanci, yana da daruruwan hanyoyi na shirye-shiryen kuma yana da amfani da yawa masu amfani. Idan ka ambaci ko'ina cikin jita-jita na abinci na Japanese - sushi zai kasance ta "katin kira".
Tarihin ƙasar
Tun farkon tarihin ƙasar ya kasance a karni na hudu BC a kudu maso gabashin Asia. Kifi a can aka fi amfani dashi a cikin nau'in gwangwani - salted da kuma kayan lambu - tare da shinkafa da kayan lambu kuma yana da muhimmanci (kuma sau da yawa) tushen furotin a cikin abincin. Ta kalli duk abincin gargajiya a kan teburin. Bayan fitowar, an adana kifi a shinkafa, don haka al'amuran yanayi sun faru a cikin hatsi, suna taimakawa wajen ci gaba da nama. A hankali ya bayyana kuma jinsunan farko na ƙasar nan - zushi. Gaskiya ne, to, ba su da yawa. An haife wannan tasa ne da godiya ga hanya na shinkafa shinkafa don kimanin watanni 2, bayan haka kifin ya sami dandano na musamman, da shinkafa - dukiya na musamman.
Abin ban mamaki kamar yadda zai iya zama, ana jin dadin wannan tasa a karo na farko a Japan a karni na 8 BC. Daga nan sai aka ba shi suna Zushi kuma ya zama sananne a ƙarshen lokacin Muromachi. Irin wannan sushi ya cinye a lokacin da ake cin kifaye, kuma shinkafa shinkafa bai rasa dandano ba. Saboda haka sushi ya zama daya daga cikin manyan kayan da aka yi a cikin masana'antar gandun dajin Japan. Daga baya, maimakon yin amfani da shinkafa shinkafa, shinkafa ya fara haɗuwa da vinegar kuma hada ba kawai tare da kifaye ba, har ma da kayan lambu mai kayan lambu da sauran sinadaran. Kuma a yau a kowace yanki a kasar Japan akwai sauran adadin girke-girke tare da dandano na musamman, yin wasu girke-girke sushi mafi kyau daga ɗayan kuma yana watsa su har tsawon tsararraki.
A farkon karni na 19, a lokacin da Tokyo ta zama gine-ginen masana'antun abinci, kungiyoyin yan kasuwa masu banza suna da wuya, daga cikinsu aka samo sababbin girke-ƙasa, irin su nigrai-zushi, inda aka fara kifaye da kifi. Ya kasance daga gare shi a bayan bayan kuma ya tafi hanyoyin da za a yi sushi. Bayan babban girgizar kasa a Kanto a shekarar 1923, an kwashe duk abincin da aka shirya a Nairobi-zushi a ko'ina cikin kasar Japan, yanzu kuma sun rasa ayyukansu. Saboda haka, a wurare da yawa da aka nisa, an samo girke-girke na sushi kamar yadda muka sani yanzu.
A cikin shekarun 80s, a lokacin asuba na wayar da kan jama'a game da ci gaban lafiyar, sushi ya zama daya daga cikin jita-jita da ke da lafiya, wanda ya yi da hankali sosai a duniya. Da farko, kawai sun gane mashawarrun mashahuran zasu iya yin aiki da sushi, wanda aka kiyasta cikin nauyin zinari. Amma bayan haka, tare da zuwan mashigin sushi, samar da taro ya maye gurbin kwararrun ƙwarewar ma'aikatan ƙasa, da kuma samar da sayarwa sushi ya samuwa ga mutane da yawa a duk ƙasashe na duniya.
Iri iri
A kalmar "sushi" mafi yawan mutane suna tunanin raw kifi. Amma wannan ba haka bane. A gaskiya ma, idan kuna zuwa mashiyan sushi na kasar Japan kuma ku dubi kifaye, kawai 'yan za su sami kifaye mai kyau. Amma ko da yake yana da kyau, ta fara tafiya ta hanyar canning, blanching, yin haka a cikin mafita na musamman da kuma daskarewa. Akwai abubuwa da yawa da aka yi tare da kifaye kafin sushi an shirya shi.
Da farko, sushi yana da fasaha. Ga wasu shahararrun sushi:
- Sashimi: An yi amfani da kifi a yanki mai kyau. Raw, dafa shi ko gwangwani kifi ne a yanka zuwa kashi 3-5. Yawancin lokaci ana yin hidima tare da wasabi Sauce da Ginger.
- Nigeriya: ana kifaye kifaye da shinkafa a cikin nau'i na bukukuwa, wasu lokuta tare da wani nori na naman (irin algae). Kayan fasaha na dafa wannan tasa yana nufin amfani da shinkafa tare da kifi da inganta dandano da ado. Ɗaya daga cikinsu yana kunshe da kwallaye biyu.
- Gunkan Nigiri: daya daga cikin jinsunan Najeriya. An fassara Gunkan daga Jafananci kamar "a kan jirgin ruwa". Sunan wannan ƙasa ya fito ne daga hanyar shiri, wanda babban mahimmanci shine shinkafa, wanda aka samo shi a cikin jirgin ruwa. Yankuna guda uku masu yawa sune Gunkan, Irkur da Yuni. Ɗaya daga cikin ƙunshi ya ƙunshi sassa 2.
- Hosomaki: ƙananan kifaye na kifi da kadan shinkafa. Ƙananan harsashi ya ƙunshi nori. Yankin homosaki yakan kunshi sassa 6.
- Futomaki: lokacin farin ciki sushi ya kunshi sushi ya cika da sinadirai masu yawa, bangarori daban-daban suna da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikinsu yana kunshi nau'i 4 - 10.
- Yuramaki: wannan nau'in sushi yana da matukar shahararren 'yan sandan Amurka a sushi. Wadansu suna cewa wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa algae suna boye a cikin takarda, kuma farawa masoya sushi zai zama "damuwa" tare da ko ya cancanci cin abinci. Ɗaya daga cikinsu yana kunshe da 6 ko 8 kwakwalwa.
- Abubuwan da suka shafi: algae-nannade sushi, wanda hannayensu ke cinye, kamar gwanin ice cream. Kashi daya ya ƙunshi wani mazugi cike da nau'o'i daban-daban.
Sushi makamashi mai daraja
Shin kun taɓa mamakin yawancin adadin kuzari a cikin guda ɗaya na sushi? Abin farin ciki, tare da yin amfani da sushi na matsakaici - wannan ba tasa ba ne, saboda abin da zaka iya samun nauyi. Da wadatar da shinkafa, ƙwayoyin carbohydrates masu yawa, har ma da ma'auni mai kyau na ƙasa zai iya zama abincin lafiya, ba tare da wanzuwa ba kuma mai yiwuwa a buga a kan adadi.
Lallai, ana iya manta da cin abincin teku mai yawan calorie maras kyau. Irin wannan sushi zai iya ƙunsar nau'i daban-daban na nau'in halayen mutum, kuma, sabili da haka, suna da nau'in calorie daban-daban, mai, carbohydrate da abun ciki na gina jiki. Amma a gaba ɗaya, sushi za a iya daukar nauyin samfur.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sushi ya zama sanannen shahara, amma a kusa da wannan tasa akwai wasu tambayoyi game da haɗarin lafiya na cinye wannan abincin. Mafi yawa daga cikin mahimman abu a sushi yana da lafiya. Kifi shine babban bangaren, yana da wadata a furotin da alli. Idan kana so ka sami yawancin nauyin gina jiki, gwada tuna. Babban amfani da kifi mai yalwa, irin su kifi, shine cewa yana da omega-3 mai albarka. Fresh kifi shine abincin lafiya da kyakkyawan suna. Sushi a cikin darajarta ya fi girma da wadata iri-iri na nau'in abinci mai gina jiki da yawa a cikin sassan duniya. Sushi ya fi abinci mai daɗi fiye da naman dabbobi, masu arziki a cikin fatattun abubuwa. Yawancin nau'in kifaye na kifi sunadarai sune mafi mahimmanci a cikin omega-3, wanda ya zama dole don cin abinci mai kyau, tun lokacin jikin mutum ba zai iya hada su ba. Abubuwan da aka fi sani da DHA da EPA sune mafi yawan maganganu masu amfani da omega-3 guda guda, wadanda kuma sun hada da albarkatun mai a cikin man zaitun zasu iya amfani da lafiyar ku fiye da yadda kuke tunani.
Gudun ruwa, wanda ake kifaye kifaye, wani muhimmin tushen furotin da alli. Bugu da ƙari, suna samar da bitamin daban-daban, ciki har da nau'i 10 na bitamin C. Wannan "envelope" na algae yana da kyawawan abubuwa masu narkewa. Wasabi sauce yana da kyawawan kaddarorin bactericidal, kuma yana dauke da bitamin C.
Har ila yau ana tsammanin cewa sushi zai taimake ka idan ka gaji da karye idan ka sami ciwon zuciya ko ciwon kai. Dalili na wannan yana iya kasancewa cin zarafin glandon thyroid. Don abin da aidin, selenium da magnesium ake bukata. Tun lokacin da ake samun amininin a cikin sushi, kifaye da ruwan algae, amfani da waɗannan samfurori zai haifar da yanayin lafiya na hormones na thyroid gland.
Ta yaya omega-3 acid fat din yana da tasiri a lafiyarmu?
- Omega-3 acid fat, dauke da sushi, ƙara yawan jikin jiki na mai kyau cholesterol. Wannan, ta biyun, zai iya haifar da ragewa daga mummunar cholesterol cikin jini. Gaba ɗaya, kasancewar waɗannan acid yana da tasiri mai kyau akan tsarin jijiyoyin jini.
- Amfani da albarkatun mai ome-mai-3 mai nunawa ga likitocin da ke dauke da ciwon sukari na 2, tun da acid ya taimaka wajen rage matakan jini.
- Nazarin ya nuna hanyar haɗi tsakanin cin abinci mai amfani da omega-3 a sushi da ƙarfafa ganuwar jini, da raguwar jini, da rage yawan jini.
- Wani rahoto a wata jarida mai mahimmanci na likita ya nuna cewa cututtukan acid mai yawan omega-3 sun rage hadarin cutar Alzheimer. Amfani da irin wannan acid mai yawa ya rage har zuwa 70% abun ciki na amyloid gina jiki a cikin kwakwalwa, wadda aka ambata a matsayin daya daga cikin maɗaukaka na asali na cutar Alzheimer.
- Tun da albarkatun mai-omega-3 suna da muhimmanci ga ci gaba mai kyau, ciki har da jarirai, masu juna biyu da kuma lactating mata, dole ne a cinye su da abinci. Sushi a wannan girmamawa shine manufa "mai sayarwa" na wannan mahimman abu. A yau, an gano magungunan omega-3 a matsayin hanyar da aka warkar da cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin zuciya, da kuma amfani da abincin da ake amfani da ita a likita a duniya. Mutane da yawa suna daukar karin abubuwan omega-3 da aka kira "man fetur". Amma ina so in tunatar da cewa shine nama na kifi mai zurfi wanda shine tushen mafi yawan albarkatun mai omega-3. Wato, ana amfani da wannan kifin don yin sushi.
Risks da suka haɗa da amfani da ƙasa
Ana daukar Sushi daya daga cikin jita-jita mafi kyau. Amma, da rashin alheri, kuma yana da wasu ƙyama. Ɗaya daga cikin tambayoyin da aka tantauna game da amfani da kifi ko abincin teku shine adadin mercury da ke cikin su. Wani matsala shine yawan adadin kuzari. Ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen bazai iya ɗaukar matakin su ba, amma tare da amfani da shi akai-akai, kuna da haɗarin ƙara kanka a wasu karin fam. Yi hankali - ana tara adadin calories a cikin waɗannan ƙananan yafi saboda shinkafa, masu arziki a cikin carbohydrates masu yawa. 1 gilashin farin shinkafa ya ƙunshi 160 adadin kuzari.
Sushi yana da wata mahimmanci mai mahimmanci - kamar yawancin gurasar da ke kunshe da kifin kifi, zasu iya ƙunsar nau'in parasites. Wannan yana faruwa a mafi yawan lokuta inda aka kifaye kifaye ko aka kama shi a wuraren da aka gurbata.
Kamar yadda ake amfani da kowane abinci mai kyau, yin amfani da sushi yana dauke da hadarin shan kwayoyin halitta, amma haɗarin ƙara yawan ƙwayar cuta shine akan tsarin likita. Gaba ɗaya, amsar tambayar "Shin sushi samfur mai amfani?" Amsar ita ce tabbaci - "Ee." Duk da haka, dole ne ka fahimta da kuma tantance haɗarin da ke hade da amfani da wannan samfur. Kwanan nan, masu binciken sun damu game da matsalar gurbata kifaye da ƙananan ƙarfe, wanda zai iya kasancewa a wasu nau'o'in kifaye, irin wadannan masu tsinkayewa kamar tunawa da bishiya. A gaskiya ma, mafi girman kifi a cikin sarkar abinci - mafi yawan tsabtace shi ya ƙunshi.
Saboda mummunar haɗarin kasancewar masu gurbataccen abu irin su mercury da pathogens, an ba da shawarar cewa mata masu ciki da mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiyar jiki su guje wa amfani da kifi mai fatattaka ko kowane nama mai kyau a cikin kayan abinci na Japan. An tabbatar da kasancewar abubuwa masu cutarwa a wasu nau'o'in ƙasa, amma yin amfani da wannan tasa a cikin matsakaici ba zai kawo barazana ga lafiyar mutum ba. Abin farin ciki, binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Medicine ta yi a kwanan nan ya nuna cewa daidaitattun suna da ƙarfin gaske don goyon bayan amfanin sushi.
Abin farin cikin, shari'ar cutar da ta haifar da amfani da ƙasa ba ta da kyau. Sushi yana da lafiya, kamar kowane abinci, idan ana sarrafa shi kuma adana daidai. Kodayake wasu mutane zasu dauki matakai don rage wasu halayen da ke hade da halin yanzu. Ga mafi yawan mutane, Sushi yana da lafiya, kuma yana da amfani sosai. Yi kwanciyar hankali, san ma'auni kuma kada ku tafi iyakar - kuma babu matsaloli.
Zaɓin naku naka ne
Yi la'akari da wadata da kuma fursunoni na iya tsoma baki tare da zaɓinmu don tabbatar ko amincewa da abincin da ake amfani da shi a kasar Japan. A gefe ɗaya, likitoci sun ce sushi yana da amfani mai mahimmanci wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i mai amfani da abubuwa marasa amfani. A gefe guda - da tabbacin cewa tare da wannan abincin za mu iya haɗari kanmu da kwayoyi masu guba da ƙwayoyi masu guba. Daga qarshe, sushi yana da yawan drawbacks, amma to dole ka tambayi kanka - ne mai kare kare ko cola kasa da lafiya? Kuma duk abin da zai fada cikin wuri.