Sanin asali na cystic fibrosis
Kwayoyin cututtuka da alamun cutar suna da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, amma zasu iya bambanta dangane da ƙananan hanya.
Wadannan sun haɗa da:
■ Ingancin aikin pancreatic (lura a 85% na marasa lafiya);
∎ rashin isasshen ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (dilatial bronchial dilatation), wanda ya samo asali ne daga samuwa da ƙananan haɗin gwiwa a cikin sashin jiki na numfashi;
■ Dysfunction digestive hade da nauyin aiki na jiki wanda zai haifar da asarar nauyi da asarar nauyi.
A cikin iyali guda, mummunar lalacewa na huhu a yara zai iya bambanta, amma rashin ciwo a cikin mafi yawancin lokuta yana da irin wannan nau'in. Kwayar wutsiya yana daya daga cikin maɗauran mutuwar marasa lafiya da ke shan wahala daga cystic fibrosis. Mafi sau da yawa wannan shi ne saboda kamuwa da kwayar cutar kwayan cuta wadda ba a iya magancewa ba. Rashin haɗuwa da ƙananan hanyoyi a cikin hanyoyi masu hanzari ya haifar da kyakkyawan yanayi don cigaban microorganisms. Mutanen da ke shan wahala daga cystic fibrosis sun fi dacewa da kamuwa da cuta tare da kwayoyin Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Kwayoyin dajin lafiya suna iya tsayayya da kwayoyin halitta. A cikin marasa lafiya tare da cystic fibrosis, wannan aikin ya ɓace, yana haifar da tsinkaye ga ci gaba da cututtuka na huhu.
Jiyya na cystic fibrosis
Inganta hanyoyin maganin cystic fibrosis, ciki har da maganin kwayoyin da physiotherapy, da nufin kawar da huhu daga ƙuduri, ya ƙaru matsakaicin rai na marasa lafiya har zuwa shekaru 30. Yawancin marasa lafiya tare da cystic fibrosis ba su da haihuwa. Dalilin namiji rashin haihuwa shine lalacewa na rashin jigilar jini, wadanda kwayoyin da kwayar cutar ta fito daga kwayoyin halitta zuwa cikin urethra. A cikin mata, rashin jahilci yana haɗuwa da kasancewa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin cervix. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu waɗannan marasa lafiya zasu iya samun yara tare da taimakon maganin kwari. Daga cikin wakilan farin Turai, daya daga cikin mutane 25 ne mai dauke da kwayoyin fibrosis. Tun da wannan jinsin ya ragu, dole ne ya gaji daga iyayen biyu don bayyanar cutar bayyanar cututtuka. Daga cikin wakilai na fararen Turai, mai dauke da kwayar cutar ta cystic fibrosis shine kimanin mutum 1 daga 25. Wadannan mutane ana kiransa heterozygous. Ba su da asibitoci na cutar da kuma hadarin bunkasa cystic fibrosis. A cikin wannan yawan jama'a, chances cewa duka abokan tarayya a cikin biyu zasu kasance masu ɗaukar nauyin ɓarna kamar 1: 400 (wato, 1 biyu daga 400). Kowane mai ɗaukar yana da haɗari na kashi 50 cikin dari na aikawa da kwayar halitta zuwa kowane yaro. Lokacin da abokan biyu a cikin biyu suna masu sufurin, kowane yaro yana da cikakken hoto game da hadarin samun gawar marar kyau.
∎ Rashin haɗarin cystic fibrosis saboda gadon jinsin marasa lafiya biyu shine 1: 4.
∎ Hadarin kasancewa mai ɗaukar wani abu marar lahani lokacin da ya gaji wani nau'i mai lalacewa kuma daya daidai shine -1: 2.
∎ Samun damar samun gado guda biyu na al'ada kuma ya kasance marar lahani ta hanyar muni-1: 4.
Kowane mutum wanda ya gaji jinsin halitta guda biyu ana kiransa homozygous, kuma wadanda suka gaji daya daga cikin kwayoyin sune heterozygous, ko masu sufuri. Masu sufuri suna da haɗarin samun ciwon yaro idan majibinsu yana ɗauke da wani nau'i mara kyau. Mutanen da ba su da masu ɗaukar jigilar kwayar halitta ba su da haɗari wajen bunkasa cutar a cikin 'ya'yansu masu zuwa. Ma'aurata, wanda kowannensu yana mai hawa, yana da yiwuwar 1: 4 cewa suna da ɗa mai rashin lafiya. Girman cutar zai iya bambanta a kan iyaka. Yawancin marasa lafiya suna bincikar su a gaban shekara guda, amma mummunan yanayin cutar za a iya bincikar su a tsakiyar shekaru, wani lokacin ba zato ba tsammani, lokacin da aka bincika don rashin haihuwa. Ƙarar gishiri a cikin fatar jiki zai iya zama alamar bincike na cystic fibrosis. "Gwaji mai yawa" na yau da kullum shine maganganu mai mahimmanci na hanyar da magoya bayan da suka yi amfani da su a baya suka yi amfani da ƙwararren jariri don gano wani tashe mai gishiri a cikin gumi. Ko da yake an san cewa babban matakin gishiri yana nuna alamar rashin ƙarfi. Cystic fibrosis yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan kwakwalwa da ke tattare da cututtukan cututtuka a tsakanin wakilan jinsin Turai na fari kuma yana faruwa a cikin ƙananan yara 1 daga 400 da aka haifa. Ba dukkanin kabilanci suna da irin wannan tasiri mai yawa. Alal misali, a cikin wakilan Hispanic ko Latino asali, abin da ya faru shine ƙwararru ɗaya ga yara 9,500, kuma ga Afirka da Asians, kasa da 1 idan aka haifi yara 50,000. Yawancin kabilun da aka yi nazari suna da ƙananan yanayi fiye da wakilan jinsin Turai. Duk da haka, yana da wuyar gane hangen nesa a cikin yawan mutane. Kimanin kashi 25 cikin 100 na mazaunan Arewacin Turai suna da masu dauke da kwayar cutar ta cystic fibrosis. Alal misali, a cikin Birtaniya, cutar tana faruwa a cikin yara 1 daga haihuwa 4,000 (ciki har da yara na wasu jinsi, sai dai farin).