Bugu da ƙari, a kowace birni, a kowace gundumomi akwai ranakun abin tunawa. Kuma idan kun kara zuwa wannan dukkanin bukukuwan addini, an kafa su cikin addinin Buddha ko Shintoism (addini na kasar Japan), sa'an nan kuma kowane wata na shekara za ku sami akalla dozin lokuta masu farin ciki don yin ado da kuma shirya wani babban biki na wahala a Japan. Wannan shi ne sunan hutu a Japan na kowane muhimmancin.
Matsuri don yin addu'a
Abin da ake la'akari da shi ne a cikin Turai - wasan kwaikwayo na raye-raye ko raye-raye, lokacin da masu halartar taron ke rufe masks - ya zama tsayin daka a Japan da kuma babban bikin na maturi a Japan ya zama wani bangare mai ban mamaki na bukukuwa. Jafananci a hankali sun kiyaye al'adun gargajiya, kuma wasan kwaikwayon da aka tsara don fitar da miyagun ruhohi sun san a Japan tun daga karni na XII, lokacin da aka gabatar da su cikin al'ada na Buddha. Sa'an nan kuma an kira su "gaga-ku" kuma suna wakiltar dan wasan masu rawa a cikin masks a cikin waƙar murya. Wajibi ne na gagaku shine sakon karshe na daya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin zanen "zaki" (an yi imani cewa zaki kawai zai iya tsoratar da ruhohi). Bugu da ƙari ga gagaku, an san wani wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayon, "bugaku", wanda mahalarta suka yi ɗamara a cikin kayayyaki mai haske da kuma ƙararrawa a cikin ƙananan mita uku. Gagaku da Bugaku sune harsashin da gidan wasan kwaikwayon na Japan ya yi, amma an yi maimaita abubuwan da suka faru a zamanin duniyar yau har yau kuma an sake su a hankali a lokacin rikici na addini.
Wani wajibi na wucin gadi na Matsuri, wanda ya tsira har yau, shine "mikosi" - bagadan da aka ɗauka a hannu a lokacin da ake yin salula. An yi imani cewa a cikin waɗannan wurare a lokacin hutun, ruhun allahntakar haikalin yana motsa, kuma ana gudanar da shi a bayan ganuwar ɗakunan wuraren sujada na duniya. An sanya Mikosi daga bamboo da takarda, an yi masa ado da karrarawa da siliki. Bugu da ƙari, mikosi, a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na fesiya zai iya shiga "dasi" - dandamali na wayar tarho wanda za a sanya siffofin tsarki ko dabba mai ban mamaki, hotuna na jarumi na tarihin Japan.
Masu kida suna tafiya a kan dandalin. Duk da nauyin ma'auni na dasi (suna iya zama girman gidan gida biyu), ana tura su ko jawo hannunsu. Dacia da Mycosi suna amfani da su har shekaru dari - har zuwa ƙarfin abin da aka sanya su ya isa. Tsakanin bukukuwan suna kwance a hankali kuma suna adana a cikin temples. Don ɗaukar mikosi ko cire dasi wani girmamawa ne ga kowane mutumin Japan, kuma suna shiga cikin sassan, suna yin ɗamara a kimonos na musamman ko ma a wasu ƙa'idodi.
A yau, babu wanda ya yi la'akari da labarun da ya haifar da wasu lokuta kuma ba su da sha'awar su. Yayin da Mykosi ya biyo baya, masu kulawa suka gaya mana farashin ko bagaden da kayan ado fiye da ma'anar idin. Amma al'ada kanta ne tsananin kiyaye. Ga masu halartar wannan ba wai kawai uzuri ne don yin wasa ba. A Japan, dangantakar abokantaka tana da ƙarfi, saboda haka mazauna suna farin cikin amfani da damar sadarwa: suna ado da haikalin da gidajen da ke kusa da hasken wuta, tsabtace tituna, wanda zai dauki bagaden, kuma ya kafa wani kasuwa mai kusa kusa da haikalin inda suke sayar da noodles da kuma pancakes da aka yi bisa ga girke-girke na musamman.
Matsuri ya yi farin ciki
A kwanakin lokuta na jama'a ko na al'ada, Jafananci suna farin ciki da fuskokin fuska da yin ado a kimono ko wasu kayayyaki na musamman - alal misali, tsohon samurai da geisha. Idan kun yi imani da jagorancin rinjaye na Tokyo, a nan an shirya shekara guda don dubban hanyoyin tituna, don haka kowane mazaunin zai iya zaɓi uzuri don yin wasa. Amma akwai kwanaki da dukan ƙasar ke yin bikin. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan bukukuwa na yau da kullum - kuma, ba zato ba tsammani, mafi kusa a lokaci da ruhu zuwa carnivals na Turai - Setsubun. An yi bikin a watan Fabrairu, lokacin da kalandar rana ya biyo bayan canji na hunturu don bazara.
Ma'anar ma'anar biki ta hada da ra'ayin mutuwar tare da tashin tashin matattu, da kuma aiwatar da dualism na yin-yang na har abada. An yi imani da cewa a lokacin sauyawa yanayi daga hunturu zuwa bazara, ƙungiyoyin mugunta suna da karfi sosai, kuma ana gudanar da bikin na musamman don fitar da su daga gida da kuma ƙaunataccen. Saboda haka, tun daga tsohuwar har zuwa yau, matan gida suna jefa wake a kusa da gidan a ranar Setsubun, suna cewa: "'Yan aljannu - tafi, sa'a - cikin gida!" Da zarar an dafa wake sai su ci: kowannensu ya ci abinci da yawa yayin da ya tsufa, tare da daya wake - don sa'a. A yau wani ɗayan ya yi riguna kamar shaidan, kuma wasu yara suna jin dadin kiwo a gare shi. A cikin gidan ibada a yau, ma, watsa bishiya - an rufe shi cikin takarda. Amma fara gudanar da sabis na Allah.
Bayan bikin, mutane da yawa suna musayar kansu a matsayin aljanu kuma suna fita daga cikin haikalin, suna haɗuwa da taron. Wajibi ne su gano su kuma su bi ta tituna tare da kururuwa. O-Bon, ranar mutuwar, kuma ana yin bikin a duk faɗin ƙasar. An yi imanin cewa, a lokacin wannan babban biki na matsananciyar wahala a Japan, kakanni sukan ziyarci gidajen da suka taɓa zama, kuma suna albarkaci dangi. A cikin Buddha temples, wani bikin na musamman da aka gudanar, kisan. Bayan haka mutane suka yi farin ciki - okur-bi. Sau da yawa, maimakon wuta, suna haskaka fitilun kuma sun bar ta cikin ruwa. Hutun yana da ban sha'awa cewa a kwanakinsa yana da kyauta don ba ma'aikata su bar don su ziyarci kaburburan kakanninsu. O-boon, duk da sunan mai suna, farin ciki mai farin ciki. A lokacin da suke sa tufafi kuma suna ba juna kyauta. Har ila yau, an yi rawa da rawa, inda dukkan maƙwabta suka shiga. A cikin Tochigi Prefecture, wannan al'adar ta zama girma sosai. A daren 5 zuwa 6 ga Agusta dubban mutane suna ado a kimono dance a daya daga cikin murabba'ai na garin Nikko.
Amma har da sauran lokuta suna "daura" zuwa wani gidan ibada, gari ko gari. Sannin Heret-zu Matsuri, mai yawan gaske kuma mai banmamaki shine, "Bukin dubban mutane." An san shi da sunan Tosegu Matsuri, da sunan haikalin, inda aka yi bikin. A cikin watan Mayu 1617, mai girma mai tafiyar da hankali ya tafi wannan haikalin don ya sake farfado da jikin Tokyowa Ieyasu. Tun daga wannan lokacin, tun daga shekara zuwa shekara an sake yin amfani da sakonni na sake sabuwa, a cikin kowane daki-daki. A lokacin biki, ba za ku iya lura da tsohuwar al'ada ba, amma ku ga makamai masu guba, makamai, kayan kida. Yawancin lokaci, Toseg da babban bikin Matsuri a Japan ya zama wani nau'i na al'adun gargajiya: banda gagarumin tsari na "'ya'yan gidan Tokugawa," sun tsara raye-raye da gasa. Ranar farko ta hutu ne aka keɓe zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar shogun. Tare da wani motsi wanda ya ƙunshi "tsakar gida" na shogun da firistoci, an ba da madubin karfe guda uku daga Wuri Mai Tsarki na Haikali, inda rayuka masu girma uku - Minamoto Eritomo, To-Hide Hideoshi da kuma Tokugawa Jeyasu suna da alaka da su, kuma an sanya su a cikin kullun. An kawo Mikosi zuwa gidan Futaarasan, inda za su zauna har sai gobe. Kuma rana mai zuwa za ta fara "hutu na dubban mutane": fasalin babban taron da ke nuna mutanen Japan lokacin saurin. A cikin fitinar sun hada da samurai, makamai, wani ɓangare na farawar shogun, masu mafarauci tare da ƙuƙwalwar falmaran a hannunsu (rashin cin abinci shi ne abincin da aka fi so a cikin doki).
Daga miyagun ruhohi ana yin kariya daga "zakuna" (mutanen da suke saye kayan zane da zakoki tare da dogon manes) da "foxes" - bisa ga labari, ruhun fox yana kare gidan haikalin Toseg. Har ila yau, a cikin taron akwai yara maza goma sha biyu, wadanda ke nuna dabbobin zodiac. Yawancin biki shine bayyanar Mikosi. Ba za a iya kiyaye hutu ba mai ban sha'awa a tsakiyar Yuli a Kyoto. Gion Matsuri yana da tushe a tarihin. A cikin 896, cutar ta Ebola ta kama birnin Kyoto, kuma mazauna sun shirya sallar juna don warkar. Yanzu kimanin mutane miliyan suna zuwa Kyoto a kowace shekara don sha'awan rami kuma su sayar da suma. Ramin yana da nau'in palanquins, wanda mutane da dama suke ɗauka a kafaɗunsu. Kuma saya - babbar wajaje, wanda aka motsa ta hannu. Tsawonsu ya kai benaye biyu.
A saman saman, masu kida suna zaune kuma suna wasa da kararrakin jama'a, inda masu halartar suka yi musayar. A babban katako shine yaro, yana nuna allahntakar haikalin Yasak. Jirgin ya ƙunshi shinge ashirin da biyar da bakwai sayarwa. An yi musu ado da yawa - mafi yawa don ado suna amfani da zane nissin. A ƙarshen hutun wasanni suna shirya. Kuma a watan Satumba a Kamakura za ku iya kallon wasanni a wasan baka. A ranar 16 ga watan Satumba, Yabusame an gudanar da shi a nan, wani biki na al'ada, a lokacin da 'yan bindigar suka harbe su. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da makirci uku don haka ya tambayi alloli don girbi mai kyau da zaman lumana mai lumana. Tarihi yana da cewa sarki ya yi wannan al'ada na farko a karni na shida. Ya tambayi alloli don zaman lafiya a jihar kuma, bayan da suka kafa makamai guda uku, suka ci gaba da ci gaba da tsalle-tsalle. Tun daga wannan lokacin, bikin ya zama bikin shekara-shekara, wanda dukkansu suka biyo baya.
Tun lokacin da aka harbi doki ne ke gudana, ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne wanda ya kai kimanin hamsin zuwa hamsin hamsin a cikin girman. Ta hanyar al'ada, an sanya makasudin su a daidai nisa daga juna a nesa da mita 218. Dukkan aiki yana faruwa a ƙarƙashin yakin ƙira. Archers suna bin 'yan bindiga, kuma duk suna ado da kayan gargajiya na gargajiya.
Amma don samun cikakken hoton hoton feudal Japan, kana bukatar ka ziyarci Didai Matsuri wanda aka gudanar a Kyoto ranar 22 ga Oktoba. Babban ɓangaren shi ne tsarin da ake amfani da shi, wanda mahalarta suke ado daidai da lokacin tarihi. Sunan biki ne aka fassara a matsayin "Idin Bukkoki". Yana daya daga cikin '' Matsuri '' mafi ƙanƙanci '' mafi ƙanƙanta 'a Japan, wanda aka fara a 1895 don tunawa da shekaru 1100 na kafa babban birni a birnin Kyoto. Zuwa gaɗaɗɗa na baturi da sauti daga gonar sarki zuwa gidan haikalin Heian yana motsa wasu mutane dubu biyu. Yana fadada fiye da kilomita biyu. Babbar kayan ado na farawa - ɗan dalibi geisha da mace da ke da kyan gani a kimono. Yana buƙatar kimanin kilomita biyar, yayin da masu sauraron suna sha'awar dubban masu kallo.
Akwai fiye da dozin irin wa] annan bukukuwan tarihi tare da halayen su har shekara guda, kuma an shirya su, da farko, ba don masu yawon bude ido ba, amma ga Jafananci kansu. A gefe ɗaya, wannan wata hujja ne don raye da raye-raye, da kuma a daya - a lokacin babban hutu na baƙin ciki a Japan ba su yarda su manta da abin da ya faru a jiya ba, kuma a yau an fara zama tarihi.