Shares na kwakwalwa
Mafi yawan 'yan uwan suna rarraba cikin sassa wanda kasusuwa suke ba su da kasusuwan da suke rufe su: • Lobes na frontal suna gaban Roland da kuma kan Sylvian furrow.
• Lobe na baya yana kwance a tsakiya da kuma sama da kashi na baya na sulcus na baya; sai ya sake komawa zuwa launi na parieto-occipital - wani rata dake raba lobe parietal daga occipital, wanda ya zama sashi na kwakwalwa.
• Lobe na gida shine yanki wanda ke ƙarƙashin sylvian furrow da kuma gefe daga baya tare da lobe occipital.
Yayin da kwakwalwa take girma kafin ya haife shi, ƙwayar magungunan ta fara fara da fuskarta, ta zama mai laushi, wanda zai haifar da samarda nau'in halayyar kwakwalwar da yake kama da goro. Wadannan sanannun sune aka sani da tsige-tsalle, ana kiran bishiyoyi da ke raba raunansu suna furrows. Wasu tsararru a cikin dukan mutane suna cikin wuri ɗaya, don haka ana amfani da su azaman jagororin rarraba kwakwalwa cikin sassa hudu.
Ƙaddamar da shawarwari da furrows
Ƙunƙwasawa da juyayi zasu fara bayyana a watanni 3-4 na ci gaban tayin. Har sai lokacin, kwakwalwar kwakwalwa ta kasance mai laushi, kamar kwakwalwar tsuntsaye ko amphibians. Tsarin tsarin tsari ya samar da karuwa a cikin yanayin da ake ciki na cakulan cizon sauro a cikin yanayin iyakanceccen ƙwayar katako. Sassan daban-daban na bawoyi suna aiki musamman, ayyuka na musamman. Za a iya raba kwayar cutar ta tsakiya a cikin wadannan yankuna:
• Yankunan motsa jiki - fara da kuma sarrafa ƙungiyoyi. Ƙungiyar motar ta farko tana sarrafa ƙungiyoyi marasa bangare na kishiyar sashin jiki. Nan gaba a gaban motar motar ita ce gurbin da ake kira farko, kuma yankin na uku - wani ƙarin motar motar - ya kasance a ciki na ciki na frontal lobe.
• Yankuna masu ban sha'awa da ke tattare da kwayar cutar ta hankali suna ganewa da kuma rarraba bayanai daga masu karɓa a cikin jiki. Kwararren sumatosensory na farko yana karɓar bayanai daga gefe guda na jiki a cikin nau'i na tsirrai daga masu karɓa na jin dadin, zafi, zazzabi da matsayi na haɗin gwiwa da tsokoki (masu karɓa na karɓa).
Jirgin jikin mutum yana da '' wakilci '' a cikin sanannun magungunan motsa jiki na cakulan cizon sauro, wanda aka tsara a wasu hanyoyi. Wurin Penfield wanda ke aiki a cikin shekarun 1950, ya kirkiro wani taswirar mahimmanci game da wuraren da ke cikin kwayar cutar, wanda ya fahimci bayanai daga sassa daban-daban na jiki. A wani ɓangare na bincikensa, ya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da ya nuna cewa mutumin da ke ƙarƙashin maganin rigakafi na gida ya bayyana yadda yake ji a lokacin da ya zuga wasu wurare na kwakwalwa. Penfield ta gano cewa ƙarfin motsi na gyrus na tsakiya ya haifar da jin dadin jiki a wasu yankuna a kan rabin rabin jikin. Sauran binciken sun nuna cewa ƙwayar mota da ke da alhakin wurare daban-daban na jikin mutum ya dogara da matakin ƙwarewar da daidaitattun ayyukan da aka yi fiye da ƙarfi da ƙarar murfin muscle. Kwayar ganyayyaki yana kunshe da manyan layuka guda biyu: abu mai launin toka shine wani bakin ciki na ciwon jiji da kuma yaduwan kwayoyin halitta game da mintuna 2 mm da wani abu mai tsabta wadda aka kafa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi (axons) da kuma kwayoyin jini.
An rufe nauyin babban burbushin da wani abu mai launin toka, tsayinsa ya bambanta daga 2 zuwa 4 mm a sassa daban daban na kwakwalwa. Ƙarfin kwayoyin halitta an kafa shi ne daga jikin jikin kwayoyin jikinsu (neurons) da kuma sauran kwayoyin da ke yin aikin talla. A mafi yawan cakuda ganyayyaki, za a iya gano nau'i guda shida na kwayoyin halitta a ƙarƙashin microscope.
Kayan da ke cikin kaya
Jinsunan da ke dauke da kwayoyin jikinsu na kwayoyin da ke dauke da kwayoyin jikinsu sun bambanta da nau'i, amma duk da haka, kawai manyan manyan abubuwa guda biyu ne aka bambanta.
- Kwayoyin halittu sun samo suna daga siffar jikin neuron, wanda yayi kama da dala; asalin su (ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin) suna fitowa daga cakuda ganyayyaki kuma suna kawo bayanai ga wasu sassan kwakwalwa.
- Kwayoyin ba-pyramidal (duk sauran) an tsara su don ganewa da aiwatar da bayanai daga wasu tushe.
Girman da ke cikin layuka shida na sel wanda ke haifar da kwayar ganyayyaki yana bambanta sosai dangane da yankin kwakwalwa. Masanin ilimin lissafin Jamus Corbinian Broadman (1868-191) yayi bincike akan wadannan bambance-bambance ta hanyar kasancewa da kwayoyin jikinsu da kuma kallon su a karkashin wani microscope. Sakamakon binciken kimiyyar kimiyya na Brodmann shi ne rabuwa da cizon sauro a cikin wurare 50 a kan wasu ka'idoji na mutum. Binciken na ƙarshe sun nuna cewa "filayen Brodmann" ta haka ne ke takaitaccen wasan kwaikwayon wani nau'i na nau'i na jiki kuma yana da hanyoyi na musamman na hulɗa.