Ga mutane da yawa, rigakafi ya kasance abu mai ban mamaki. Amma wannan shine babban alamar lafiyar, yanayi da kuma mahimmanci na kowane mai rai. Immunity (daga Latin immunitas - '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ') na nufin kariya, zubar da jiki daga wasu magungunan magunguna, samfurori na aikin da suke da muhimmanci, daga kwayoyin poisons da kwayoyin tumo. A taƙaice, daga duk abin da zai iya cutar.
Tsarin kariya ba shi da wakilci na musamman, a hanyoyi da dama yana kama da tsarin tsaro na kasar.
Har ila yau, sun kasu kashi daban-daban na runduna, kamar yadda aka yi wa makarantun ilimin horar da sojoji da kuma irin matsayi. Ana rarraba gabobin na tsarin na rigakafi zuwa na farko (inda 'yan kwayoyin halitta ke "horar da") da na sakandare (inda suke "aiki").
Kwayoyi na farko sune thymus da jan kasusuwa. Babban magunguna na rigakafin su ne lymphocytes. An aika su zuwa cibiyar ilimi mafi girma (thymus). Wannan shi ne sunan "horar da" kwayoyin T-lymphocytes, daga T (thymus), da bambancin da B-lymphocytes (daga B-bursa), wanda ake kira ma'aikata a cikin tsuntsaye, kodayake a cikin mutane aikinsa ne yake yi da launin jan, lymphocytes suna da hannu wajen samar da kwayoyin cuta, sunadarai sunadaran jini, wanda ke kare jiki daga pathogens. "Training" a cikin thymus yana nufin samarwa a cikin wani ɓangare na T-lymphocytes ikon iya gane masu shiga ciki, ciki har da kwayoyin cuta. Wannan tsarin tsarin counterintelligence ne.
Yawancin T-lymphocytes sun zama masu kashe (killers), suna halakar da magungunan abokan gaba wadanda suka gano su. Sauran T-lymphocytes sunyi aiki na yau da kullum: Masu taimakawa T (mataimakan) inganta kariya, gane ba kawai baƙo ba, har ma masu cin amana wadanda suke da kansu. Irin wannan degenerates ne, alal misali, kwayoyin tumo. Masu bayar da rahoto ga cibiyar - tantanin halitta an sake haifar da shi, ya zama abokin gaba kuma zai iya fara tsarin aiwatar da kwayar cutar. Dangane da wannan siginar, ana aikawa da T-kisa a "mai satar" kuma ya kashe shi. Akwai kuma lymphocytes masu karewa (daga Ingilishi - "kashe"), wanda ke kashe amsawar ba tare da baƙi ba. In ba haka ba, masu kisan kisa za su iya saita zafi ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin ƙasa.
Leukocytes na wani nau'i (neutrophils) ya zama na farko na tsaron gida. Yana kama da masu tsaron gida wanda su ne na farko da suka sadu da baƙi, ciki har da waɗannan kwayoyin halitta da ƙwayoyin cuta da suka shiga cikin jikin mucous membranes ko cikin fata. "Masu tsaro a gaban" suna tsabtace lalacewar da aka ji rauni daga kwayoyin da suka mutu a cikin yaki marar yaduwa tare da pathogens, da kuma daga "erythrocytes" tsohuwar. Wataƙila kowa ya ji game da interferon, wanda yanzu, quite, ana amfani dashi a cikin cututtukan cututtuka. Mene ne mai tsangwama? Yana da nauyin gina jiki mai ƙananan kwayoyin dake dauke da kayan antiviral. Yana fara haifar da kwayoyin kamuwa da cutar. Interferon ya rufe yawancin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kwayoyin halitta, kuma yana daukan sassan jiki kyauta kuma bai bari 'yan waje su je can ba. Akwai nau'o'in leukocytes (eosinophils) wadanda zasu iya shiga cikin lalata kwayoyin cutar da ke cutar da jiki, da kuma rashin lafiyan halayen. Sun kuma kira abokansu su taimaka, sabili da haka lambobin su a cikin jini yana ƙaruwa.
Tsarin sakandare na biyu shine kariya, ƙwayoyin lymph, tonsils, adenoids, appendix, fatsarin kwayoyin lymphatic. Suna, kamar kwayoyin kare kansu, suna warwatse cikin jiki. Wadannan an sauƙaƙe bayani game da tsarin rigakafi. Amma za su taimake mu mu fahimci wallafe-wallafen wallafe-wallafe game da kiwon lafiya da kuma fahimtar yadda za a karfafa haɗin kansu na kansu, da kansu, musamman ma yara.
Probiotics da prebiotics
Wasu nau'o'in microbes (lactococci, enterococci, micrococci, bifidobacteria) sun kare jikinmu daga mummunan tasirin radiation, sunadaran cututtuka da carcinogens. Dangane da al'adun wadannan microbes, masana kimiyya sun halicci kwayoyin halittu don inganta cigaban microflora na intestinal da kuma samfurori na labaran-prophylactic. An kira su probiotics. A gaskiya ma, waɗannan al'adun gargajiya sun kasance masu mulkin mallaka, waɗanda aka aiko don su samar da sabon yankuna a cikin hanji. Magunguna masu amfani suna kare jiki daga baƙi. An tsara shirye-shirye na ƙirarru, wanda ya haɗa da kwayoyin da suke amfani da su da kuma abubuwan da suke karfafa ci gaban su. Irin waɗannan abubuwa an kira su masu tsada. Wadannan sun hada da fiber na abinci, pectins, enzymes da bitamin mutum, da polysaccharides da sunadarai. An kira su don samar da yanayi mai kyau ga masu mulkin mallaka, don taimaka musu su sami kafa a sabon wuri kuma su zama 'yan asalin mazauna wurare daban-daban na hanji. Wadannan abubuwa masu amfani, masu maganin rigakafi, kawai ba su da isasshe a cikin mafi yawan abincin da aka tanadar da abinci, irin su kayan daji da sauri, da dankali mai dankali, jellies, juices. Abubuwan da aka tsabtace suna da kyau ne kawai ga jarirai, wanda aka fara aiwatar da tsarin narkewa kuma baza su iya jimre wa jimlar abinci ba. Ana amfani da ƙwayoyin dukkan waɗannan kwayoyin halitta da abubuwa masu amfani (maganin da ake amfani da su) da kuma kayan (masu amfani da kwayoyi) da kuma kayan da aka samar da su a cikin bishiyoyi, da abubuwan sha da kayan lambu da sauransu. Drug (Pharmacy) shirye-shirye na probiotics da ake amfani bisa ga likita takardar izinin don dysbacteriosis, da kuma m-dabara samfurori wadata tare da waɗannan microbial al'adu ma amfani da jarirai lafiya don rike da mafi kyau duka na "na hanji yawan".
Masu gina gina jiki
Lura: dukkanin abubuwa na tsarin na rigakafi sune jikin jiki. Saboda haka, don gina su wajibi ne don hada kayan sunadarai a cikin abincin abinci.
Wadannan sunadarai masu gina jiki sun kamata su cika, dauke da cikakken jinsin amino acid da ake so.
Wannan nama, madara da kayayyakin kiwo, qwai, kifi. Menene ya faru idan an bai wa yaran sausaji maimakon nama na gari, gobe a maimakon kyawawan gida - gishiri mai gishiri, rana bayan gobe maimakon kifi - wani samfurin da ake kira kifi kiɗa nama? A halin yanzu, rashin kayan gini don abubuwa da suke aiwatarwa ba tare da kariya ba, zasu shafar ƙarfin su.
Kare ɗan yaro
An lura da yanayin da yaron yaron zuwa cututtuka na dogon lokaci. "Rayuwar yaro a kasa da shekaru 7 ana rataye shi ne da zane," in ji su a cikin d ¯ a, ba shakka, a zamanin duniyar nan yanayin ya canza.
A cikin lokuta na annobar cutar mai cututtuka masu kamuwa da cututtuka na numfashi, ɗauki kayan ado na kare ya tashi kowace rana! A ciki, baya ga bitamin C, akwai mahimmancin beta-carotene, da kuma provitamin A.