Babban endocrine gland shine:
- hypothalamus (a kwakwalwa);
- glanding pituitary (a kwakwalwa);
- thyroid gland shine (a gaban surface na wuyansa);
- pancreas (a cikin rami na ciki);
- adrenal gland (a kan ƙananan igiyoyi na kodan);
- ovaries da gwaji. Mun gode wa aikin da aka tsara na maganin endocrin da kuma masu juyayi, manyan ayyuka masu mahimmanci suna kiyaye su.
Halin rashin daidaituwa
Ana aiwatar da ka'idojin hormones a cikin jiki bisa ka'idar feedback. Dangane da ragewa a cikin kowane nau'i na hormones, an kunna glanden da ke da alhakin samar da shi. Hakanan, idan matakin hormone ya ƙaru, aikin glandan ya rage. Matsanancin matsayi ko ƙananan matakan hormones na iya zama cutarwa ga jiki. Duk wani cin zarafi na ma'auni na hormonal zai iya haifar da bayyanar da yanayi daban-daban, daga infertility zuwa kiba. Wasu cututtuka na tsarin endocrine suna da wuyar ganewa, saboda haka marasa lafiya da rashin daidaituwa na hormonal suna kira zuwa ga wani likitancin likita don nazari sosai. Don sanin ainihin dalilin da ya sa ya zama dole don gudanar da jerin binciken. Don tantance aikin glanden, gwargwadon hormone da yake samarwa an auna shi. Alamar asibiti saboda rashin daidaituwa na hormonal zai iya zama alamun kai tsaye na aikin gland. Da zarar an gano ma'anar cutar, ana iya tsara magani mai kyau.
Akwai manyan nau'i biyu na cututtukan endocrin:
• samar da aikin hormone;
• rashin yiwuwar kwayoyin da za su iya magance hormone daidai.
Cututtuka na Endocrine
Daga cikin cututtukan cutocrine mafi yawancin su ne:
• Ciwon sukari - yana haɗuwa da rashin samar da insulin ko ƙananan kayan aiki da shi;
• ciwon sukari insipidus - tasowa tare da rashin samar da sinadarai na hormone;
• hypothyroidism - halin da rashi na thymon hormones; a cikin tsofaffi an nuna sluggishness da nauyi riba;
• thyrotoxicosis - an hade da wuce kima samar da hormones thyroid; bayyanar cututtuka sun hada da tausayi na zuciya da rawar jiki (rawar jiki);
• Cushing ta ciwo - tasowa tare da wuce haddi na glucocorticoids (hormones adrenal); bayyanar cututtuka sun hada da kiba da ƙara yawan karfin jini;
• Acromegaly da gigantism - an lura, akasari, tare da ciwon sukari.
Hyperfunction na gland
Za a iya yin amfani da hyperfunction (gwangwadon ƙwayar glandon) da ciwon glandular nama, wanda yake tare da wani cin zarafi game da martani. A wasu cututtuka na autoimmune, ci gaban kwayoyin cutar da ke haifar da gland din yana faruwa, wanda yake nunawa ta hanyar ƙarar kwayoyin hormones. Hakan na iya haifar da kamuwa da cutar gland. Tambaya ta ainihin endocrine pathology, ban da ciwon sukari, zai iya zama da wuya. Yawancin su suna nuna rawar ci gaba da jinkirta bayyanar bayyanar cututtuka.
Binciken sakamakon bincike
Wani likitan halitta wanda yayi nazarin mai haƙuri don gano cututtuka na endocrin. Ciwon sukari yana nuna rashin samar da insulin, wanda zai haifar da wani nauyin glucose a cikin jini, wanda kodan ya saki. Binciken gaggawa yana taimakawa wajen bayyana wannan. Yanayin cututtuka na endocrin an bincika ta amfani da gwajin jini. A wannan yanayin, ana iya gano jini daga daban-daban daga yanayin al'ada na hormones ko wasu abubuwa. Bayan haka, ana gudanar da ƙarin nazari:
• gwajin jini - don gane canje-canje a cikin matakin hormones ko wasu abubuwa cikin jini. A wasu lokuta, ana daukar samfurori don tayarwa ko kuma kawar da aikin hormone;
• zubar da zubar da hankali - za a iya auna ma'aunin hormones da aka janye daga jiki; Ana amfani da su don gano cutar ta hormone;
• nazarin kwayoyin halitta - ganewa na maye gurbin DNA wanda zai iya haifar da cututtuka na endocrin, za'a iya amfani dashi don bayyana ganewar asali;
• hanyoyi na dubawa - ana yin nazari don ƙirƙirar hoto; ilimin lissafi yana da mahimmanci don ganewar ƙwayar cutar ciwon daji wanda zai iya haifar da rashin daidaito na hormonal;
• hanyoyin hanyoyin radionuclide - hoton gland din za'a iya samuwa ta hanyar gabatar da isotopes wanda aka lakafta, wanda ya ba da damar mutum ya kimanta aikinsa. Bayan gano ainihin damuwa, magungunan endocrinologist ya nada kyakkyawar tsarin kulawa mafi kyau. A wasu lokuta, aikin tiyata yana iya buƙatar cire glanden da ya shafa, amma maganin likita mai tsawo ya fi dacewa. Ciwon sukari mellitus yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan kwayoyin cuta da ke da nakasa kuma an lalace da ƙishirwa da polyuria (ƙarar fitsari). The thyroid gland shine yake da alhakin mugunta na hormones thyroid, wanda wasa muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsari na metabolism. Rashin yin amfani da wannan glandan yana tare da nakasasshen cuta. Glandan gwanin yana samuwa a cikin kwakwalwa. Yana ɓoye wasu hawan hormones, kuma yana tsara samar da kwayoyin hormones ta wasu glanders. Rashin zubar da glandan jima'i yana tare da manyan canje-canje a ma'auni na hormones, wanda zai iya samun sakamako mai tsawo. Glandan da ke ciki suna samuwa a kan ƙananan igiyoyi na kodan kuma suna da alhakin ɓarkewa da dama na hormones. Canja matakin su cikin jini zai iya haifar da yanayin irin su cutar Addison ko Cushing ta Syndrome.