Mafi muhimmanci endocrine gland shine:
• Girasar Pituitary;
• Glandar thyroid;
• Giraren parathyroid;
• endocrine ɓangare na pancreas;
• gland;
• Harkokin jima'i (ovaries a cikin mata da kuma kwayoyin a cikin maza).
Matsayin da ake kira hormones
Ayyukan endocrin gland shine a sakin hormones kai tsaye zuwa cikin jini. Hanyoyin hormonai daban-daban na iya zama cikin kungiyoyi daban-daban na sunadaran. Sun yi ƙaura tare da jinin jini yanzu, suna tsara aikin ayyukan kwayoyin. Membranes daga cikin kwayoyin wadannan kwayoyin suna da masu karɓa masu kula da wani hormone. Alal misali, daya daga cikin hormones yana haifar da kwayoyin halitta don samar da siginar siginar - cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP), wanda ke shafar hanyoyin da ake kira sunadarai, ajiya da kuma ajiyar makamashi, da kuma samar da wasu kwayoyin. Kowane ɓangare na endocrine yana haifar da hormones da ke aikata wasu ayyuka a jiki.
• Glandar giro
Amsoshin mahimmanci ga tsarin tsarin makamashi na makamashi, samar da thyroxine da triiodothyronine.
• Parathyroid gland
Suna samar da hormone na parathyroid, wanda ke da alaka da tsari na metabolism.
• Ƙara
Babban aiki na pancreas shine samar da enzymes mai narkewa. Bugu da ƙari, yana haɗakar hormones insulin da glucagon.
• Giraguwa
Anyi amfani da tsohuwar Layer na adrenals mai lamba. Yana haifar da hormones na corticosteroid, ciki har da aldosterone (da hannu a cikin tsarin tsarin gishiri da ruwa) da kuma hydrocortisone (wanda ke cikin matakan ci gaba da gyaran nama). Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayar cutar ta haifar da hormones mata da namiji (androgens da estrogens). Sashin ɓangaren gland, ko kwakwalwa abu, yana da alhakin samar da adrenaline da norepinephrine. Ayyukan haɗin gwiwar waɗannan kwayoyin biyu suna taimakawa wajen karuwa a cikin zuciya, ƙara yawan glucose na jini da jini zuwa ga tsokoki. Rashin wucewa ko rashin haɗari na iya haifar da cututtuka mai tsanani, ciwo na ci gaba ko mutuwa. Ƙidaya yawan iko akan samar da kwayoyin hormones (lambar su da kariyar haɗari) ta tsarin kwakwalwa.
Gwaran gizon
Glanden tsinkar jiki shine glanden dabbar da ke cikin kwakwalwa da kuma samar da fiye da 20 na hormones. Wadannan hormones suna aiki ne don tsara aikin sirri na mafi yawancin ƙananan endocrin. Gwargwadon gwal yana da lobes biyu. Sashen na baya (adenohypophysis) yana haifar da hormones da ke tsara aikin wasu ƙananan endocrin.
Hoto mafi muhimmanci na glandan pituitary shine:
• hormone mai tayar da hankalinka (TTG) - yana ƙarfafa samar da thyroxine ta glandon thyroid;
• hormone adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - ƙara hawan hormones ta gland;
• hormone mai ruɗi (FSH) da hormone luteinizing (LH) - ƙarfafa ayyukan ovaries da gwaji;
• Harshen girma (HHG).
Ƙarfin lobe na glandan pituitary
Kashi na karshe na pituitary (neurohypophysis) yana da alhakin tarawa da saki na hormones da aka samar a cikin hypothalamus:
• maganin rigakafi, ko hormone antidiuretic (ADH), - sarrafa iko na samar da fitsari, don haka shiga cikin daidaitattun gishiri;
• oxytocin - yana rinjayar musculature mai sassauci na mahaifa da kuma aikin glandon mammary, shiga cikin aiwatar da bayarwa da lactation.
Hanyar, wanda ake kira tsarin mayar da martani, ya ba da izinin yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta don sanin lokacin da ya kamata ya rabu da ƙwayoyin hormones da ke motsa jakar da ta dace. Misali na gyaran kai don amsawa shine tasirin hormones na pituitary akan muguncin thyroxin. Ƙãra thyroxine samar da thyroid gland shine take kaiwa ga suppression na pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) samar. Ayyukan TSH shine don ƙara yawan ciwon thyroxine ta glandon thyroid. Girma a matakin TSH zai haifar da ragewa a cikin samar da thyroxine. Da zarar mugunta ya fāɗi a glanden gwangwado ya amsa ta hanyar ƙara samar da TSH, wanda zai taimaka wajen tabbatar da yawan nauyin thyroxine a jiki. Ayyukan amsawa suna aiki a karkashin iko na hypothalamus, wanda ke karɓar bayanai daga endocrin da tsarin jin tsoro. Dangane da wannan bayani, hypothalamus ɓoye zane-zane, wanda sai ya shiga gland shine.