Tarin fuka ne cuta mai cututtuka da cututtuka ta tsakiya (wani sunan da ba shi da amfani shine amfani), wanda zai haifar da samuwar ƙananan ƙumburi a cikin gabobi da kyallen takalma na mutum. A cewar kididdigar, a cikin Rasha, yawan wannan cuta ya kamu da mutane 50 da 100. Abin baƙin ciki, a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, rashin lafiyar yara ya karu da kashi 26%. Da farko dai Robert Koch yayi nazari sosai a cikin 1884m. Yau, magungunan phisisiatricians (magungunan phisisiatricians, likitoci da ke kula da marasa lafiya da tarin fuka) ya bambanta nau'i uku na wannan cuta:
- Rigasar tarin fuka, yafi a cikin yara da matasa, shine matakin farko na cutar, wanda zai iya wucewa ba tare da wani magani ba idan yaron yana da karfi;
- Tarin fuka na motsa jiki - mafi yawancin lokaci, wannan launi ne na huhu;
- Tarin fuka na sauran kwayoyin halitta da tsarin shine mafi tsananin mummunan cututtuka (tarin fuka da kasusuwa da kwakwalwa, cutar tarin fuka, tarin fuka, da dai sauransu)
Kamar dukan cututtukan cututtuka, tarin fuka ba ya fito daga babu inda. Yawancin lokaci masu sintiri ne mutanen da tarin fuka (kamuwa da kayan tsabta da kayan gida), da dabbobi - mafi yawa kananan, shanu. Bugu da ƙari, wannan ƙwayar cuta za ta iya daukar shi ta hanyar ruwa mai kwakwalwa, ta hanyar ƙura wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin kamuwa da cuta (bayanin kula: wannan kwayoyin zai iya rayuwa a wuri ɗaya har tsawon shekara guda kuma ba a bayyana ba da sauri; ), ta hanyar nama da aka samo daga kwayoyin cutar da ke dauke da cutar, da kuma ciwo ta hanyar raunuka a kan fata.
Mafi sau da yawa, tarin fuka, ko da kuwa irin wannan, yana nuna kansa a cikin yara da yara da kuma a makaranta. Mafi yawancin kuma, da rashin alheri, ba kariya 100% daga wannan kamuwa da cuta shine gwajin Mantux (bayanin kula: an yi wa kananan yara lokacin da suke cikin digiri 4, 7, 10, da kuma matsa lamba daga tarin fuka ga jaririn a asibiti a ranar 3, 5th da 7th. rana bayan haihuwar, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka don sanya su daga baya) - abin da ake kira alurar riga kafi, wanda aka yi wa yara a shekaru daban-daban. Wannan maganin alurar rigakafi na tubercle bacillus a cikin kashi kadan, wanda ke taimakawa wajen gano ciwon tarin fuka a cikin jikin yaro, ko kuma akasin hakan don karfafa yaduwar cutar zuwa gare shi. Yadda za a tantance ko yarinya yana da kyakkyawar sakamako ko a'a? Sakamakon wannan jarrabawar shi ne yawancin mintimita, idan akwai kamuwa da cuta a cikin jiki, zai bayyana kanta da farko: da farko, ta hanyar tayar da wurin injection, redness, zafin jiki, da kuma kara yawan yanki zuwa fiye da 12 mm. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata ku tuntuɓi likitanku na TB.
Yaya zamu iya gane bayyanar cututtuka na tarin fuka, yadda za ta yiwu a wace irin nau'i? Za a tattauna wannan a gaba.
Muna rayuwa a cikin lokaci mai matukar cigaba, lokacin da yara a makarantu suna karɓar kyauta mai yawa, yayin da suke halartar ƙarin ɗalibai da kuma yin wasu bukatun. Don wannan
dalili ga ƙwararren jama'a, gajiya da mawuyacin hali, iyaye bazai lura da alamun bayyanar cutar cututtuka ba. Maganin bayyanar cutar tarin fuka sun hada da: gajiya, zafi, ciwon kai, damuwa, cike da tsutsa, tachycardia, ƙumburi kumburi, zazzabi, mashako, ciwon ciki da kuma ciwo lokacin da yake matsawa ciki, wani lokacin kara girman hanta da kuma yada. Mafi sau da yawa, mataki na farko na tarin fuka yana kama da mura, lokacin da yaron yana da tari mai tsanani da kuma zafin zazzabi - idan kwayoyin cutar shan taba ba su taimaka ba, wannan zai zama alama ta farko na kamuwa da cuta. Lokacin da ake tuhuma wannan cuta, da farko, yana da muhimmanci don yin x-ray, mafi sau da yawa wanda zai iya ganin duhu a tushen asalin huhu ko wasu kwayoyin da suke dogara, daga launi, amma wannan ba koyaushe ne mai nuna alama ba. Sakamakon mafi yawan gaske shine har yanzu yawan zafin jiki, wanda ya fi tsayi fiye da hawan gwiwar ko sanyi mai yawa, ƙonewa daga cikin ƙwayar lymph na kungiyoyi masu yawa, idan aka ba da gwajin da aka saba, to, a cikin jini - karuwa a cikin ESR (bayanin kula: ragowar erythrocyte sedimentation), a cikin huhu - a cikin gaggawa - babban adadin furotin.
Wajibi ne a ci gaba da zama a cikin cikakken bayani kan nau'o'in tarin fuka da alamunta, kuma la'akari da kariya don kada maganin wannan kamuwa da cuta ba shi da lafiya.
- Idan yaro yana da: ƙaramin ƙarawa a cikin zafin jiki, da kuma ƙonewar ƙananan ƙwayar lymph, sa'an nan kuma a cikin jikinsa ya shiga cikin baccillus tubercle, wanda ya ba da magunguna na musamman wanda zai cutar da lafiyar kowane mutum. Irin wannan kamuwa da cuta ana kiransa shan maye , mafi yawan yara . Idan kana da lokaci don gano wannan nau'i a mataki na farko, za'a iya warkewa da sauri, amma idan kun haɗu: magani na likita da likita, motsa jiki da tafiya cikin iska mai tsabta, tare da yau da kullum na yau da kullum - ɗanku zai dawo da sauri.
- Sau da yawa yara sukan sami tarin fuka na gland . Mafi yawancin lokuta, alamar cututtuka irin wannan cuta suna kama da mura, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya (zazzabi, tari). Amma irin wannan tarin fuka ba a koyaushe yana bayyana a cikin nau'i mai girma ba. Yaron ya fara yin nauyi sosai, ya zama da gajiya sosai da kuma kodadde, tari yana tasowa lokaci.
- Tarin fuka na ƙwayoyin yafi kowa a cikin tsofaffi, amma yara suna da lafiya, amma da wuya. Lokacin da aka buga yara masu haske, alamar da aka fi sani da kashi ɗaya bisa dari na wannan shine babban zafin jiki. TB mai yaduwa ya fi wuya a warkar da yara a cikin tarin fuka. Amma idan kun fara magani kuma ku yi yaki da cutar sosai da kuma ci gaba, to, zaku iya rinjayar cutar.
- Tashin fuka na kasusuwa ko haɗin gwiwa zai iya haifar da samuwa ko lausess idan ba a fara maganin ba a lokaci. Mafi sau da yawa a cikin wannan cuta, yara suna kuka da zafi a cikin gidajen abinci, tsokoki - kana bukatar ka nemi shawara a likita, in ba haka ba bayan dan lokaci zasu fara farawa.
- Daya daga cikin cututtuka mafi tsanani na tarin fuka shine tarin fuka na meninges ko tayar da ƙwayar cuta. Mafi sau da yawa, yana bayyana a cikin yara a iyalai inda akwai mai haƙuri da tarin fuka a cikin hanyar budewa. Sabili da haka, a wannan yanayin, kulawa da ido ga yaro ya zama dole don hana kowane irin wannan kamuwa da cuta.
Idan aka tasowa, duk wani yaro da ya kamu da wannan kamuwa da cuta ya kamata ya kasance mai kulawa da likita, ya dauki wasu magunguna sosai a lokaci, bi kwanan wata na rana, kuyi lokaci mai yawa, idan kuma zai yiwu, ko da zama a ƙauyen, a gida - in duk wani wuri inda yanayin yake kusa (bayanin kula: saboda wannan cuta yana buƙatar yawan oxygen amfani ga jiki), hanyoyin ruwa da kuma nutsuwa suna mahimmanci, amma a cikin adadi mai yawa. A cewar kididdigar, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, matsalar tarin fuka tana karuwa kowace shekara a ko'ina cikin duniya. Yawancin lokaci wannan cuta ta auku ne a cikin hanyar budewa, lokacin da mutum ɗaya zai iya harba da dama, har ma dubban mutane. Abin takaici, wannan cuta zai iya kama maza da yara. Saboda haka, a ƙarshe, Ina so in ba da iyakacin matakai masu muhimmanci ga iyaye duka game da matakan da za a yi domin rage rashin lafiyar yaron da wannan kamuwa da cuta:
- Wajibi ne don maganin tarin fuka a lokaci, ba tare da bata lokaci ba;
- A kowace shekara Mantoux ya kamata a samo shi, kuma ga yara yaro, a matsayin kari - ruwaya;
- Idan dan likitan yara ake zargi da kasancewar kwayar cuta a jikin jikinka, kana buƙatar ka je zuwa likitan TB wanda ke magance matsalar;
- Idan akwai tuhuma ko riga an gano kwayar cutar, dole ne yaron ya cika cikakkun takardun da likitan ya tsara, kuma iyaye kawai zasu iya taimaka wa yaron ya shawo kan wannan cuta.
- Dole ne ku bai wa yaron lokaci mafi tsawo: ya kamata ya sami isasshen ƙarfin jiki da na tunanin mutum, ƙarfafawa, ba tare da yin aiki ba kuma ya fi fita a fili;
- Dole wajibi don biyan ka'idodin tsabtace ɗan ku zai rage yiwuwar samun kowace cuta.
Yanzu kun san yadda za a gane tarin fuka a farkon farkon cutar a cikin yara. Kuma ku tuna, iyayenmu, muna rayuwa a cikin karni na 21, lokacin da babu cututtuka marasa lafiya, muna buƙatar kawai don saka idanu da lafiyar 'ya'yan mu kuma a lokacin da za mu iya gane mummunar cututtuka domin yada shi sau ɗaya.