Duchenne muscular dystrophy (mdd)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy yana daya daga cikin siffofin da yafi kowa na wannan cuta. Cutar ta zama sananne a cikin shekara ta biyu na rayuwa kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin yara maza, wanda ke hade da nau'in haɗin gwargwado na X. Wadannan cututtuka masu kama da DMD ne.
∎ Ƙarfin ƙwayar cuta. Ya zama sananne lokacin da yaron yana da matsala ta tafiya ko ƙungiyoyi. Yarin ya fara farawa tafiya, ba zai iya hawan matakan ba, ya tashi ne kawai tare da taimakon hannu. Sakamakon karshe wanda ya samo daga rauni daga cikin tsokoki na kasusuwan da ake kira Gauer alama.
∎ Ko da yake tsokoki ba su da ciwo a hutawa kuma babu wani ciwo lokacin da aka guga, mai haƙuri ya zama da wuya a yi wasu ayyuka. Yatsun da aka shafa suna da rauni, amma sau da yawa suna kara girma - wannan abu ne ake kira pseudohypertrophy.
■ Ƙayyade motsi. Alamar ga ƙarshen matakin DMD. Sau da yawa yakan faru da cewa lokacin da wasu tsokoki suka raunana, yatsunsu suna da ƙarfi, kuma yara marasa lafiya sun fara, misali, suyi tafiya a kan iyaka. Zai zama da wuya a kula da matsayi na jiki, kuma marasa lafiya na iya buƙatar ƙaho.
Mai haƙuri yana tasowa lalacewar ci gaba da kuma kunnen ƙasusuwan, cikewa, kuma bayan shekaru 10 yana da yawancin marasa lafiya sun zama marasa lafiya. Magunguna yawanci suna mutuwa kafin shekaru 20. Dalilin mutuwar shi ne kamuwa da cutar huhu, tare da raunin karfin motsa jiki, ko kama zuciya.
Dabbobi marasa samuwa na dystrophy na muscular
Akwai wasu nau'o'in wasu kwayoyin dystrophy na muscular. Dystrophy muscular Becker ne cututtuka da aka danganta da X-chromosome, wanda ya fi nisa fiye da Duchenne, wanda ya bayyana a shekaru 5 zuwa 25. Mutane da irin wannan dystrophy suna rayuwa fiye da DMD. Dystrophy na ƙwallon ƙafa yana faruwa tare da irin wannan mita a cikin mazajen jinsi biyu kuma yakan nuna kansa a lokacin shekaru 20-30. Kimanin kashi 50 cikin dari na mutanen da ke shan wahala daga irin wannan dystrophy, raunin ya bayyana a cikin jigon gilashi kuma bazai yada zuwa ƙananan ƙananan belin ba, yayin da a cikin wasu wasu tsokoki na ƙananan ciki suna da damuwa da farko, kuma rauni a cikin karamar kafar yana bayyana bayan kimanin shekaru 10. Kwayar cuta shine mafi yawancin marasa lafiya a cikin marasa lafiya wadanda suke da ƙwayoyin hannu na farko. Dystrophy na gyaran fuska na gyaran fuska na gefe yana gaji ne ta hanyar sarrafawa ta jiki kuma yana rinjayar saurin fuska biyu na mata. Zai iya faruwa a kowane zamani, amma yawancin yakan bayyana a karon farko a matasa. Wannan nau'i na dystrophy yana nuna "pterygoid" scapula. Wadansu mutane suna da karfi mai suna lumbar lordos (curvature na kashin baya). Rashin rauni na tsokar fuska yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa mutane ba za su iya murmushi ba, cire bakinsu ko rufe idanunsu. Dangane da abin da ƙungiyar tsokoki ke shafar, ƙwarewa da ƙananan ƙwayar yatsa na iya raunana ko "tsayawar tsayawa" zai iya bayyana. Babu magani don maganin dystrophy na muscular, amma matsaloli, irin su cututtuka na numfashi da na urinary, yana buƙatar maganin rigakafi.
Jiyya ya hada da waɗannan ayyuka:
■ Jiki na jiki - wannan zai iya jinkirta ci gaba da rauni da iyakancewa; motsa jiki ƙwayoyi a ƙarƙashin kulawa da likitan aikin likita suna da amfani sosai.
∎ Rigar hannayen tendon, wanda ke da sauƙaƙe.
∎ Tare da bayyanar lalacewar da kwakwalwa na gyaran fuska, ana buƙatar corsets gyara.
∎ Rawancin motsi na ƙananan tendons.
∎ Taimakon likitancin yana da matukar muhimmanci; goyon baya mai mahimmanci ga iyali da ta'aziyya gida.
Faɗar ganewa da kuma ciwo
A wasu lokuta, musamman ma dystrophy na Duchenne, maganin cutar ba shi da kyau. Dalili na rashin lafiya zai iya zama muhimmiyar gaske, tare da lokaci marasa lafiya zai iya dakatar da tafiya. Yawancin marasa lafiya da ciwon dystrophy na ƙafar kafada za a iya taimakawa wajen jagorancin cikakke, sau da yawa ya canza rayuwar cikin shekaru 20-40, kuma wani lokacin maimaita. Mutanen da suka bunkasa dystrophy na muscular a cikin marigayi balagagge yawanci suna da kyakkyawar ganewa. Abun ƙwayar dystrophy na muscular bai riga ya yiwu ba, ko da yake ganowar kwayar cutar ta kara ƙaruwa daga yanayin farfadowa.
Yaduwar cutar
Muscular dystrophy wani cuta ne mai wuya, amma yana da kowa a duk faɗin duniya a tsakanin mutane daga dukkan jinsi. Yaren da aka fi sani da shi - Duchenne muscular dystrophy - yana faruwa tare da kimanin 3 lokuta da 10,000 boys.
Dalilin
Duk nau'ikan dystrophy na muscular yana haifar da kwayoyin halitta, ko da yake ainihin dalilin degeneration na tsoka nama ba a sani ba. Wataƙila babban dalilin shi ne cin zarafi a cikin kwayar halitta, wanda ba tare da izinin wucewa da kwayoyin calcium a cikin tantanin halitta ba, wanda ke kunna proteases (enzymes) wanda ke taimakawa wajen lalata ƙwayoyin tsoka. Matsalar da za a iya ganewa ta hanyar daukar ciki a cikin nau'i na nazarin amniotic kafin ruwa. Duk da haka, iyaye masu fama da dystrophy na muscular, kafin su haifi jariri, suna buƙatar shawarar likita.
Diagnostics
Mahimmancin lokuta masu cigaba suna ci gaba da tabbatar da asibiti. A cikin marasa lafiya, musamman tare da Dystrophy na Duchenne, akwai babban mataki na cin hanci da rashawa cikin jini. Don gane bambancin dystrophy daga wasu cuta, yana iya zama wajibi don yin hotunan electromyography. Bincike yawanci yana tabbatar da biopsy; Nazarin tarihin binciken tarihi ya taimaka wajen gano bambancin dystrophy daga wasu nau'o'in myopathies.