Kwayoyin jin tsoro na mutum, bayanin, halaye

Kwayoyin jijiya sunyi hulɗa da juna ta hanyar masu amfani da sinadaran da ake kira neurotransmitters. Drugs, ciki har da dakatarwa, na iya rage aikin waɗannan kwayoyin. Kwayoyin jijiya ba su da hulɗar kai tsaye da juna. Tsakanin microscopic tsakanin sassan cell membranes - cututtukan synaptic - kwayoyin jikinsu masu rarrabe kuma suna iya samun siginar sauti (masu amfani da magunguna) da kuma lura da su (gustsynaptic neuron). Gabatar da shinge na synaptic yana nuna rashin yiwuwar watsawa na lantarki daga wani kwayar nerve zuwa wani. A wannan lokacin lokacin da motsin ya kai karshen ƙarshen synaptic, sauyawar canji a tasiri mai tasiri yana haifar da bude tashoshi ta hanyar da mahaukacin allurar suka shiga cikin kwayar halitta. Kwayoyin jin tsoro na mutum, bayanin, halayyar - batun mu na bugawa.

Ƙaddamar da neurotransmitters

Kwayoyin calcium suna aiki a kan vesicles (kananan, membrane-kewaye da vesicles dauke da sinadarai masu watsawa - neurotransmitters) na ƙarshen nerve wanda ke kusa da membrane membrane da kuma haɗa tare da shi, sakewa da rata. Bayan hulɗa da neurotransmitter tare da takamaiman mai karɓa a kan membrane postynaptic, an fito da shi da sauri kuma an samu karin sau biyu. A gefe ɗaya, yana yiwuwa ya hallaka shi gaba daya ƙarƙashin aikin enzymes wanda ke cikin shinge na synaptic, a gefe guda - juya baya a cikin ƙarshen ƙarewa tare da samuwar sabon vesicles. Wannan injin yana tabbatar da aikin ɗan gajeren lokaci na mai neurotransmitter a kan kwayoyin mai karɓa. Wasu kwayoyi da aka haramta, irin su cocaine, da wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suke amfani da su a maganin, sun hana wanda ya sake kama shi (a cikin yanayin cocaine na dopamine). A lokaci guda, lokaci na aiki na karshen a kan masu karɓa na membrane postynaptic ya tsawo, wanda zai haifar da sakamako mai yawa.

Muscular aiki

Ana aiwatar da ka'idojin aikin ƙwayoyin tsohuwar ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke motsawa daga kashin baya kuma ya ƙare tare da haɗin neuromuscular. Lokacin da motsin jijiyar ya zo, acetylcholine an sake saki daga ƙarancin jijiyoyin neurotransmitter. Yana shiga cikin shinge na synaptic kuma yana ɗaure ga masu karɓar muscle. Wannan yana haifar da halayen halayen da zai haifar da raguwa a cikin ƙwayoyin tsoka. Sabili da haka, tsarin kulawa na tsakiya yana sarrafa rikitarwa na wasu tsokoki a kowane lokaci. Wannan tsari yana biye da ka'idojin irin wannan ƙungiyoyi masu ƙin gaske, misali, tafiya. Kwaƙwalwar kirkirar kirki ce; Kowannensu yana hulɗa tare da dubban wasu wadanda suka warwatse cikin tsarin jin tsoro. Tun da magungunan nasu ba su bambanta da ƙarfi, bayanin da ake ciki a cikin kwakwalwa an tsara shi ne bisa gwargwadon mita, wato, yawan ayyukan da aka samu ta kowane lokaci yana da muhimmanci. A wasu hanyoyi, wannan lambar yana kama da lambar Morse. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyuka mafi wuyar da ake fuskanta a yau shine masana kimiyya na halitta a duniya baki daya ne ƙoƙari na fahimtar yadda wannan tsari mai sauƙi mai sauƙi ke aiki; misali yadda za a bayyana motsin zuciyar mutum a mutuwar wani dangi ko aboki ko kuma ikon iya jefa kwallon tare da irin wannan ƙaddara cewa ya jawo manufa daga nesa mita 20. A halin yanzu, ya zama fili cewa ba a canja bayanin ba daga wani kwayar tausayi ga wani. A akasin wannan, ɗayan neuron zai iya gane sakonni daga wasu mutane da yawa (wannan tsari ana kiransa haɗuwa) kuma yana iya rinjayar yawancin kwayoyin tausin jiki, wani bambanci.

Synapses

Akwai nau'in synapses guda biyu: a wasu, kunnawa na neuron na postsynaptic yana faruwa, a wasu - ta hana (yawanci ya dogara ne akan nau'in mai aikawar da aka fitar). Neman neuron yana motsa jiki a yayin da adadin abubuwan da ke da karfin zuciya ya wuce adadin magunguna.

Ƙarfin maƙarƙashiya

Kowace neuron tana karɓar nau'o'i masu ban sha'awa da kuma ciwo. Bugu da kari, kowane ɓarna yana da mafi girma ko žarfin sakamako a kan yiwuwar faruwar wani aiki mai yiwuwa. A synapses da ke da rinjaye mafi yawa ana yawanci kasancewa a kusa da sashin jiki na jijiyyar jiki a cikin jikin kwayar halitta.