Canjin matsa lamba
Akwai ƙananan ƙwayar kofi a cikin ɓangaren wuri a hutawa. Wannan shine karfi da ke riƙe da huhu a bangon kirji. Idan matsin ya zama tabbatacce, toshe na roba na huhu yana cire shi daga bangon kirji, kuma an sake cika filin da iska (pneumothorax) ko ruwa. Pneumothorax ya rabu da shi a cikin bazawar rai da kuma traumatic. Hakan ba shi da wata damuwa ta hanyar rushewar alveoli da kuma maganin visceral. Yana iya zama na farko, wato, ba a hade da duk wani ilimin lissafi ba, ko na biyu, lokacin da rata ya zama sakamakon cutar - alal misali, emphysema, cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ko kuma tarin fuka. Canje-canje a matsa lamba na waje wanda ke haifar da faduwar kirji, alal misali a lokacin babban jirgin sama, kuma yana da tsinkaye ga ci gaban pneumothorax. Ya faru cewa an kafa ɓangaren nama a shafin yanar gizo na rupture, yana aiki a matsayin bawul. A lokacin wahayi, "bawul" ya buɗe kuma iska ta shiga cikin ɗakun hanyoyi, lokacin da aka soke shi, yana rufe, yana hana iska a cikin wuri mai zurfi. Saboda haka, tare da kowace inhalation, ƙarar iska a cikin sararin samaniya yana ƙaruwa. Kwayar da kuma mediastinum (sararin samaniya wanda ke tsakiya a tsakiya) shine an sauya shi a cikin kishiyar shugabanci daga launi, ta rushe al'umar al'ada. Macijin da ya dawo cikin zuciya yana damuwa da kuma rage ƙwayar zuciya. Wannan yanayin an san shi kamar matsanancin pneumothorax.
Cutar cututtuka
Mai haƙuri tare da pneumothorax marar kuskure yana jin kwatsam na rashin ƙarfin numfashi, tare da ciwo a cikin kirji. Matsayin motar kirji yana iyakance a gefen abin da ya shafa. Rashin numfashi a lokacin yaduwa (sauraron kirji, yawanci tare da mawaki) ya fi gaggawa fiye da na al'ada, kuma idan ka kunna shi, zaka iya jin sautin murya. Tare da tsananin pneumothorax, akwai karuwa a cikin dyspnea da kuma sauyawa na mediastinum, wanda za'a iya gano ta hanyar ƙayyade matsayi na trachea a kan shingum jubi na sternum.
Bincike
An tabbatar da ganewar asali ta hanyar rediyo na kirji, wanda aka yi tare da cikakken cikawa. Ƙananan pneumothorax wasu lokuta ba a bincikar su ba, amma ba shi da mahimmancin asibiti. A cikin mummunan halin, babu lokacin yin jarrabawar, kuma likita ya kamata ya tabbatar da ganewar asali. Idan akwai mummunar pneumothorax, idan babu magani mai kyau, mutuwa zai iya faruwa. Don ajiye rayuwar mai haƙuri shine ƙaddamarwa - ƙin allurar wani bututu ko allura a cikin ɓangaren hanyoyi don cire iska mai iska. Magungunan likita suna magana ne game da mummunan lahani ga yanayin gaggawa. Idan babu taimakon, yana barazana ga rayuwar mai haƙuri. Dole ne a rage matsa lamba a cikin ɓangaren sarari ta hanyar saka wani canjin intercostal ko babban allura mai zurfi a cikin ɓangaren ɓoye.
Diagnostics
Idan yanayin halayen ya ci gaba da sauri, ya kamata mutum ya ɗauki ciwon pneumothorax mai tsanani kuma ya dauki matakan da ya dace da kawai bayanan asibiti, ba tare da yin amfani da rediyo ba. Rigar da aka sanya ta wurin murfin thoracic a cikin ɓangaren shinge zai haifar da karuwar matsa lamba kuma zai hana ginin bayyanar cututtuka. Ana iya warke pneumothorax ƙananan ƙararrawa. Idan kadan kawai alamun bayyanar cututtuka suna samuwa, ƙwayar da aka samu na huhu ba ta wuce 20% na girmansa ba, kuma mai haƙuri yana jagorantar salon rayuwa, yana da hankali don ƙayyadad da kallon mai haƙuri tare da kirjiro na yau da kullum don maye gurbin pneumothorax. A mafi yawan lokuta, pneumothorax yana warware cikin makonni shida. Idan bayyanar cututtuka sun ci gaba, ana iya warware pneumothorax, ko ta hanyar iska mai tasowa ta hanyan inganci, ko kuma ta hanyar yin amfani da shinge mai zurfi. An saka tashar intercostal a cikin ɗakunan sarari ta hanyar tazarar ta hudu ko biyar ta tsakiya tare da layin tsakiya na tsakiya, sa'an nan kuma an gyara shi da suture. Cannula an haɗa ta da wani catheter zuwa cikin jirgin ruwa da aka samar tare da kwandon fitowa kuma ya cika da ruwa. Lokacin da bututu din yake ƙarƙashin matakin ruwa, tsarin yana aiki a matsayin kwandon sharagi da kuma iska an fitar da hankali daga ɗakin ɓangaren. Wani lokaci ake buƙata don cire iska mai iska. Zuciyar ta hanyar allura anyi ta wurin saka wani allura a cikin ɓangaren ƙwararri da kuma shan iska ta amfani da alamar sau uku. Wannan hanya ba ta da mahimmanci ga mai haƙuri kuma yana taimaka wajen rage lokacin da aka yi a asibiti. Duk da haka, ana amfani da shi kawai ga kananan pneumothorax. Idan kayi sauri cire yawan iska daga kogin sarari, ruwan a cikin kirji zai tara, wanda zai haifar da kumburi daga ƙwayar yaduwar. Ya faru da cewa ba a yarda da pneumothorax, tun lokacin da aka fara buɗewa a cikin sallar visceral ya kasance a bude. Wannan yanayin ana sani da fistula bronchopleural. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya rufe lahani tare da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (buɗewa na kogin thoracic) ko kuma thoracoscopy (wata hanyar da take amfani da ƙananan ƙaƙƙarfan da ake amfani dashi don amfani da kayan aiki endoscopic don dubawa da sake mayar da ɓangaren sakonni). 25% na pneumothorax baya komawa kuma suna buƙatar gyarawa ta ƙarshe. Tare da pneumothorax mai girma-girma, tafarki mai zurfi yana iya zama m. Wannan zai faru idan mai haƙuri ya riga ya sami pneumothorax na birane a baya ko kuma yana cikin ƙungiyar masu sana'a tare da hadarin komawa (misali, jirgi). A irin waɗannan lokuta, ana iya yin pleurodesis ko jujjuya. Dalilin pleurodesis shi ne fuse da visceral da peietal rokon da sunadarai irin su sterile talc ko nitrate azurfa, ko m scraping. Manufar fatawa shine cire dukan dukkanin zane-zane, amma yana haifar da wata mahimmanci.