A cikin ɗakinsu akwai maganin carotid na ciki da kuma jijiyoyi na jiki, da ke da alhakin ido da ido da fuskar da fuskar. Maƙalar glandon da ke dauke da zuciya, wanda ake kira kirkirar zuciya, yana da 5 mm a kasa da tsinkayyar gani - haɗuwa da jijiyoyin da ke faruwa a bayan idanu. Glanden gwal yana kunshe da lobes guda uku, biyu daga cikinsu, da na tsakiya da na tsakiya, an haɗa su zuwa adenohypophysis, kuma an kira wanda ake kira neurohypophysis. A cikin kowane lobe, an yi amfani da wasu kwayoyin hormones. Hanyoyin da aka yi wa glandan da kuma cin zarafi na aiki shine batun labarin.
Ayyuka na gurasar pituitary
Daga adenohypophysis cikin jini ya shigar da dodanni shida:
• TSH - hormone mai maganin thyroid-stimulating.
• ACTH - adonocorticotron hormone.
• LH / FSH guda biyu na hormone / Laminar-stimulating hormone.
• STH hawan hormone mai girma (hormone girma).
• Prolactin.
A cikin bayan lobe na glandan kwakwalwa, wanda yana da asali na asali na asali fiye da baya, an hada jimloli guda biyu:
• ADH - hormone antidiuretic.
• Oxytocin.
Hanyoyin da ke cikin glandwar cutar za su iya rinjayar samar da daya daga cikin kwayoyin halitta, wanda a cikin lokuta da yawa ya haifar da ci gaban cututtuka daban-daban. Magungunan asibiti na cutar sun dogara ne akan irin aikin da glanden ya fadi.
Babban ayyuka na adenohypophysis hormones:
• TSH yana shayar da ƙwayoyin maganin hormones.
• ACTH yana kula da aikin na gland.
• LH da FSH suna kula da aikin jima'i (ovaries da gwaji).
• STG ya tsara girma.
• Prolactin yana motsa lactation (samar da madara) bayan haihuwa.
Hormones na adenohypophysis fada cikin jigilar jini da kuma shafi wasu gabobin; Kodayarsu suna da kullun ta hanyar hormones na hypothalamus da hormones masu hanawa. Hanyoyin maganin hormones kuma suna sarrafawa ta hanyar maganin ra'ayoyin da suka dace don kansu da kuma hormones daga cikin abubuwan da aka umurce su.
Ayyukan manyan ayyuka na hormones neurohypophysis:
• Oxytocin yana gudanar da haɓakaccen hanyoyi a yayin aiki da samar da madara a lokacin lactation.
• ADH yana daidaita ma'auni na ruwa a cikin jiki kuma tana rinjayar kodan, wanda ya ba ka damar duba adadin fitsari. Tsarin gine-gizen shine tsari ne na gwaninta a cikin glandar mammary, wanda shine alama ce ta prolactin a cikin kwayar secretory na glandon gwaninta a cikin mata. Dalili mafi mahimmanci na dysfunction pituitary shine adenoma - ciwon sukari, wadda aka nuna ta karuwa ko ragewa cikin kira na hormones. Za a iya katse aikin glandan gurasar saboda sakamakon sa hannu, maganin radiation, da kuma sakamakon cututtuka, cututtuka da cututtukan cututtuka. Duk da haka, mafi yawan lokuta dalilin shine adenoma (ciwon sukari) adenohypophysis. Wannan cuta zai iya haifar da ci gaba da haɗari fiye da ɗaya ko fiye da hormones ko kuma, akasin haka, haifar da jinkirin ƙaddamarwarsu saboda ragewa a cikin aikin adenohypophysis (hypopituitarism).
Hanyoyin ciwon daji
Tumatir na glandan tsinkar jiki sune da wuya kuma sun kasu kashi microadenomas (10 mm a diamita ko žasa) ko macroadenomas (fiye da 10 mm a diamita). Haka kuma cututtukan za su iya zama marasa lafiya kuma za a iya gano su a yayin jarrabawar wasu cututtuka ko kuma bayan mutuwar mai haƙuri. Yawancin lokaci, ciwon ciwon sukari yana ciwon ciwon kai da ci gaba da hangen nesa, wanda ke haɗuwa da yaduwa da ƙwayar cutar zuwa ga tsarin masanin nazarin. A wasu lokuta, makafi zai iya bunkasa. Ciwan tumor zai iya haifar da epilepsy, wanda ke haɗuwa da matsa lamba da kuma aiki mai lahani na jijiyoyin cranial. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan canje-canje sun fara hankali. Duk da haka, idan akwai kwakwalwa a cikin ƙwayar ciwo a ƙaddamarwar ci gaba, wannan zai haifar da karuwa a girmanta kuma yana haifar da sakamakon da zai haifar da kullun. Yayin da ake ciki, glanden gwal yana karuwa da girman, kuma bayyanar cutar ta iya zama muni.
Jiyya na ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi
Makasudin maganin ciwon sukari: kawar da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin cuta, rage yawan matsa lamba a jikin da ke kusa da kuma gyara cututtuka na endocrin tare da adana, idan ya yiwu, aikin al'ada na sauran ɓangaren gland. Ko da yake yana yiwuwa a sarrafa kyawawan kwayoyin hormones tare da magunguna kuma wannan yana haifar da raguwa a cikin ƙananan tumatir, hanyar da zazzabi na magance aikin (wato, samar da hormone) adenoma na pituitary wani aiki ne ta hanyar amfani da hanzari (ta hanci) da kuma kara, idan ya cancanta, rigakafin sake dawowa. Hanyar aiki shine hanyar da za a zabi kuma a lura da ciwon daji marasa cin hanci, musamman ma wadanda suke tare da matsa lamba ta hanyoyi. Hakanan za'a iya dawo da hangen nesa, musamman idan an yi maganin a farkon matakan cutar. A gaban manyan ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi, likita na iya buƙatar wata dama - ta goshin ko goshi. Wannan aikin ana kiransa craniotomy na waje. Hanyoyi masu yawa na radiationrapy da kuma magani sune raguwar cigaba a cikin aikin sauran ɓangaren gland. Wajibi ne a kula da wa] annan marasa lafiya don rayuwa, daga baya kuma za su bukaci mafitar maye gurbin hormon.
Don tantance ilmin likitanci, likitoci iya amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na bincike:
• gwajin jini. Tare da taimakon gwaje-gwaje na jini, zaka iya ƙayyade adadin hormones da kuma hormones wadanda suka ɓoye su daga gindin endocrine, wanda kwayoyin hormones ke shafar su. Binciken kimanin yawa na nauyin ACTH da STH na buƙatar wani abu mai ban sha'awa, misali inulin, hypoglycemia (jini mai saurin jini). A gefe guda, idan akwai tuhuma na rashin daidaituwa na ACTH ko STH, yana da kyau ya gudanar da gwaji ta hanyar maye gurbin bisa ka'ida.
• Duba filin. Masana kimiyya zasu iya kafa wuraren da suka fadi daga fannonin hangen nesa.
• Radiography. Wasu lokuta wani canji mai mahimmanci a cikin sadarwar Turkiyya ana iya gano shi a kan x-ray na gland shine, wanda ya nuna ci gaban kyama.
Maɗaukaki Magnetic Resonance Tomography. Amfani da wannan hanyar bincike, zaku iya samun hotuna masu dacewa na yankin da glandan gwal yana samuwa da ƙayyade girman ƙwayar da tsayin daka. Hormones na farfadowa na gwangwado suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara tsarin ci gaba da ci gaba. Rashin wucewa ko rashi na daya ko fiye da hormones zai iya haifar da ci gaba da wasu cututtuka.
An buƙatar hormone girma (OT) a yara don ci gaba na al'ada, da kuma manya - don adana lafiyar kasusuwa, tsokoki da tsokar jiki. Sanarwa na STH yana faruwa a cikin rabo dangane da sakamakon hormones na hypothalamus: somatoliberin, kunna saki na STH, da kuma somatostatin, wanda ya hana wannan tsari. An saki STH sau da yawa a rana; musamman a hankali yana faruwa a cikin mafarki, har ma bayan irin wannan yanayi na damuwa ga kwayoyin halitta, kamar yadda raguwa na kula da sukari a cikin jini da kayan aiki na jiki. STG yana da tasiri a kan adadin jiki (yana rarrabe ɓarwar ƙwayoyi) da tsoka; yayin da sakamakonsa ya saba da abin da insulin yake. Sakamakon cigaba na STH an saka shi ne ta hanyar hormone wanda ake kira factor factor factor (IGF-1). An hada shi a cikin kyallen takarda da hanta. An saki STH da adadin IGF-1 da ke rarraba a cikin jini bisa ka'idojin rashin kyau.
Acromegaly
Acromegaly tasowa idan adenoma aiki na glandon kwamin gwal ya ɓoye nauyin STH. Wannan yana haifar da karuwa a cikin jerin kayan kyakoki mai taushi, kazalika da karuwa a cikin girman hannaye, ƙafafun, harshe da kuma fadada siffofin fuskar. Bugu da ƙari, marasa lafiya tare da acromegaly sun kara karuwa, hauhawar jini da ciwon kai