Ilimin rashin ilimi kamar matsalar lafiya da zamantakewa

Ilimin ilimin ilimin halitta shine ilimin likita wanda yake hulɗa da nazarin da maganin mummunan ƙwayoyin cuta. Masanin ilimin ilmin likita yana aiki tare da wasu kwararrun don magance marasa lafiya tare da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi, ƙoƙarin samar musu da mafi kyawun damar tsira. Ilimin ilimin ilimin halitta yana nufin rarraba maganin, wanda ke nazarin dalilai na farko, da na halitta da ci gaba da kuma hanyoyin maganin ciwon sukari. Tashin mummunan yana faruwa a lokacin da ake sarrafa tsarin tafiyar da kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar tsari ta hanyar sarrafawa ba a sarrafa shi ba, sabili da yawan ci gaban da sabuntawa na kyallen takalma yana faruwa. Wannan yakan haifar da karuwa a cikin yawan kwayoyin maras kyau wanda yayi girma cikin kyallen lafiya kuma ya hallaka su. Kyakkyawar zai iya faruwa a kowane ɓangare na jiki. Wasu nau'o'in neoplasms yawanci suna haifar da mutuwa. M ilimi, a matsayin likita da zamantakewa matsala - batun topic.

Dalilin m ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi

Malin neoplasm zai iya faruwa a kowane zamani. Duk da haka, mafi yawansu suna samuwa a cikin mutanen da suka fi shekaru 50. Yawancin lokaci, ciwon daji ya ci gaba da hankali a tsawon shekaru masu yawa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar haɗin halayen muhalli, abincin abincin, abin halayya da halayen. Sakamakon bayyanar ciwon sukari ba a fahimta ba, duk da haka, an san cewa wasu halaye na rayuwa zasu iya rage haɗari na bunkasa yawancin cututtukan ciwon daji. Alal misali, ƙin shan taba, cin abinci mai kyau da kuma matsakaici na rage yawan cutar ciwon daji fiye da 60%.

Ci gaba a magani

Sakamakon asirin farko da maganin ciwon magungunan ƙwayar cuta yana ƙaruwa da sauƙin tsira daga mai haƙuri. Bugu da} ari, ci gaban zamani, game da gano hanyoyin da suka bun} asa, sun rage yawan mace-mace, kuma sun ba da bege ga ci gaban hanyoyin da za a magance su a nan gaba. Shekaru da dama da suka gabata, ganewar asibiti na ciwon daji ya ba da bege na rayuwa, saboda rashin bayani game da irin wannan cututtuka da yadda za a magance shi. Yau a kasashe masu tasowa har zuwa kashi 60 cikin dari na marasa lafiya na ciwon daji na rayuwa fiye da shekaru biyar, wanda ya inganta ingantaccen ƙwarewar. Kowace kwayar ta ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i daban-daban. Yawancin ciwon sukari masu tasowa sun fito ne daga ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan nau'i-nau'i uku - epithelial, connective ko hematopoietic.

• Carcinoma mummunan ciwo ne wanda ya samo asali ne daga nama (epithelial nama) (wani abu wanda ke rufe fuskar fata da kuma jikin jikin jikin - alal misali, huhu, ciki da babba). 90% na dukkan lokuta na ciwon ciwace ƙwayar cuta ne carcinomas.

• Sarcoma ya samo asali ne daga nau'in haɗin kai, wanda ya haɗa da kwayar murya, kashi, cartilaginous da nama. Sarcomas basu da yawa fiye da carcinomas, suna lissafin kimanin kashi 2% na ciwon sukari.

• Kankarar cutar sankarar ta tasowa daga jikin hematopoiet, kuma lymphomas suna samuwa daga lymphatic.

Ana iya gano cutar ta hanyar rashin lafiya lokacin da mai hankali ya lura da alamun bayyanar cututtuka kuma yayi magana da mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali. Bayan yayi nazari akan majiyar kuma bayan yayi nazari sosai, likita ya kimanta bayyanar cututtuka kuma yana jagorantar mai haƙuri zuwa ɗakin ilimin ilimin kimiyya don ƙarin dubawa. A cikin ganewar asibiti na ciwon daji, ana amfani da hanyoyi da dama don yin hukunci akan kasancewa ko rashin tsari na tumo cikin jikin.

Wadannan sun haɗa da:

• hanyoyin endoscopic, ƙyale nazarin abubuwan ciki na jiki;

• diagnostics dakin gwaje-gwaje;

• Hanyoyin hotunan (kwakwalwa da haɗin keɓaɓɓen fuska).

Lokacin da aka gano tsutsa, likitan ilimin likita ya bada shawara akan biopsy ta hanyar ɗaukan samfurin samfurin, wanda za'a binciko a karkashin wani microscope don ganin idan ciwon ya zama muni ko m. Idan kututture yana da mummunar aiki, ƙaddamar da tsarin ƙwayar cuta yana ƙaddara.

Hanyar magani

Kimiyyar ilimin zamani na zamani yana da hanyoyi da dama don magance matsalolin ƙananan neoplasms. Sakamakon su ya dogara da irin ciwon sukari da kuma mataki na cutar. Hanyoyi masu mahimmanci na magani a ilimin ilmin halitta sune:

• tsoma baki - ciki har da laser da kuma zane-zane masu mahimmanci;

• Immunotherapy - hanyoyi da nufin haɗakar da halayen rigakafi na jiki ko amfani da kwayoyin cutar don magance ciwon daji na rayayyu;

• maganin hormone - amfani da hormones don yakar mummunan ciwon sukari;

• Saurin radiation - amfani da radiation ionizing don halakar da ciwon sukari;

• Chemotherapy - amfani da magungunan antitumor mai rikitarwa.

Hadin haɗin gwiwa

A lura da ciwon daji, sau da yawa akwai buƙatar haɗuwa da hanyoyi da yawa (alal misali, tiyata ko radiotherapy kuma saurin juyawa zuwa chemotherapy). Idan aka gano magungunan farko da kuma rashin matakan metastases, magani yakan bada sakamako mafi kyau. A wasu nau'i na ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi, alal misali, cervical, larynx da ciwon fata, ƙwayoyin mikiya marasa amfani (alal misali, tiyata laser) ana iya amfani dashi. A wasu lokuta, anyi amfani da ƙwayoyi ko wasu jiyya don inganta yanayin rayuwar mai haƙuri ko kuma kawar da bayyanar cututtuka, koda kuwa wannan bai bada damar dawowa ba. Wannan farfesa ana kiransa palliative. Ba kamar aikin tiyata ba, radiationrapy zai iya halakar da kwayar cutar ciwon kwayar cutar microscopic da suka yada zuwa kyamaran da ke kewaye. Bugu da ƙari, ga marasa lafiya ko marasa lafiya, wannan hanya yana yawanci tare da ƙananan haɗari fiye da tiyata.