Daya daga cikin hanyoyin farko da likita ya ba mu shine gwajin jini. Ko da kuwa dalilin dalili na adireshinmu ga likita na kusan kowane sana'a, muna yin wannan bincike kullum. Dalilin wannan shi ne cewa jini yana daya daga cikin ruwan da yafi muhimmanci a jikinmu. Yana shiga kusan dukkanin gabobin da kyallen takalma. Kuma nan da nan canza canjinta don amsa duk wani hakki a cikinsu.
Alamar mahimmanci da aka kimanta a cikin gwajin jini na gaba shine:
- erythrocyte count
- haɓakar haemoglobin
- launi launi (CPU)
- hematocrit
- countlet count
- yawan leukocytes
- leukocyte dabara
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Erythrocytes
Ko kuwa, kamar yadda ake kira su, kwayoyin jinin jini, su ne ainihin abubuwan jini. Adadin su na al'ada ne a cikin mata da maza daban. A cikin mata: 3,5 - 5,5, kuma a cikin maza: 4,5 - 5,5 trillion da lita na jini. An rage yawan su a cikin adadin su. Zai iya faruwa a sakamakon rashin ciwon hematopoiesis ko ciwon jini.
Hemoglobin
Wannan fili, wanda ke dauke da kwayoyin jinin jini kuma yana aiki mafi muhimmanci na jini - canja wurin oxygen daga huhu zuwa wasu kwayoyin, da kuma carbon dioxide cikin huhu. Yawanci, siffar mata yana da 120-150, kuma ga maza: 130-160 grams da lita na jini. Rawan haemoglobin low yana nufin jini ba zai iya "ɗaure" kuma ya isasshen isashshen oxygen zuwa kyallen takarda ba. Wannan shi ne sau da yawa yanayin tare da anemia.
Daidaita launi
Wannan wani darajar nuna darajar erythrocytes da hemoglobin, watau. a kan yawancin jinin jinin ya cika da haemoglobin. Yawanci, mai nuna alama yana cikin kewayon 0.85 - 1.05. Ƙididdigar launi mai nunawa na iya nuna ƙananan jinin jini a matakin al'ada na hemoglobin. Sa'an nan kuma erythrocytes sun zama "overcrowded" tare da hemoglobin. Wannan ya faru, alal misali, tare da anemia mai ladabi da B-12. Rage labaran launi ya nuna cewa jinsin jinin jini basu cika cikakke da hemoglobin ba. Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da cin zarafi na haemoglobin yake. Alal misali, tare da anemia rashi.
Hematocrit
Wannan raguwa tsakanin kwayoyin jini (abubuwa masu siffa) da ruwa (plasma). Yawancin lokaci, hematocrit ya bambanta tsakanin 36 - 42% cikin mata da 40 - 48% cikin maza. Ƙarawa a cikin index ana kiranta hawan haɓakar haɓakaccen jini ("thickening" na jini), kuma yawancin ake kira hemodilution ("dilution" na jini).
Platelets
Wadannan kwayoyin jini suna da alhakin jinin jini a cikin yanayin lalacewa. Yawanci, suna dauke da dala 150 - 450 a cikin lita na jini. Rage yawan plalets (thrombocytopenia) take kaiwa zuwa wani take hakkin jini clotting. Kuma karuwa zai iya zama alamar jinin jini.
Leukocytes
Wadannan kwayoyin sunyi aikin jini mai mahimmanci, suna samar da kariya ta kare. A cikin mutane masu lafiya, wannan alamar yana cikin kewayon biliyan 4 zuwa 9 a kowace lita na jini. Rage a cikin ƙwayoyin jini na jini yana nuna rashin cin zarafin su (wannan ya faru ne lokacin da kasusuwan ya shafi), da kuma tashi - game da mummunan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ƙaramar karuwa a cikin leukocytes (dama da dama ko daruruwan) ya faru da ciwon jini.
Leukocyte dabara
Wannan wata alama ce ta alamun da ke nuna yawan kowane nau'i na leukocyte. Wadannan ko wasu bambanci a cikin tsarin laukocyte suna nuna alamun tsarin tsarin ilimin lissafi wanda yake faruwa a jiki. Alal misali, idan an karu da abun ciki na neutrophils, to zamu iya magana game da yanayin kwayar cuta na cutar, kuma idan lymphocytes - game da cutar. Ƙarawa a cikin eosinophils ya nuna karin sau da yawa wani rashin lafiyan abu, basophils - kan ciwon jini, da kuma monocytes - akan kamuwa da cutar kwayan cuta.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Wannan shine jimlar da jinin jinin ke sanyawa a saman asalin gwaji tare da jini. A cikin mutumin lafiya, daga 1 zuwa 10 mm / h, kuma cikin mace: daga 2 zuwa 15 mm / h. Wani karuwa a cikin mai nuna alama mafi sau da yawa yana nuna ƙonewa.
Bai kamata a manta da cewa ba shi yiwuwa a tantance ta ta hanyar binciken jini kadai. Saboda wannan, wajibi ne a la'akari da yawan bayanan bincike. A sakamakon, kawai likita zai iya kimanta musu daidai.