Kusan kowane mutum bayan shekaru 50 yana shan wahala daga wani asarar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Wani lokaci yana manta da manta na farko, idan ba zato ba tsammani sunan mai shahararren wasan kwaikwayo ko sunan fim din an manta. Amma wannan har yanzu yana da nisa daga cutar. Wadannan irin manta suna samuwa a kusan dukkanin mutane. Abun da ke ciki da hasara na ƙwaƙwalwa, a matsayin mai mulki, ya zo da yawa daga baya. Kuma ana kiransa cutar Alzheimer.
Ba shi yiwuwa, nakasawar kwakwalwar kwakwalwa ta fara ne ta hanyar samar da ƙananan alamu da ƙuƙwalwa don shekarun da suka wuce kafin bayyanuwar farkon cutar. Ayyukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na yau da kullum yana ƙunshi ilmantarwa da haddacewa. Wannan yana buƙatar aiki marar katsewa na wurare da dama na ƙwaƙwalwa da ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa (igiyoyi) a cikinsu. Kowace ƙwayar kwakwalwa ta kwakwalwarmu tana da wani abin da yake aiki kamar layin waya wanda yake watsa nau'in halayen kwakwalwa ga ƙananan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira. Neurons na daukar nau'i mai yawa ta hanyar dendrites - fi'ili na filayen dake rarrabe a wurare daban-daban. Hannun kwakwalwa suna musayar bayanai tare da dubban rassan da ke kunshe da axons da dendrites, a ƙarshen kowanne daga cikinsu akwai tsararrakin da ke gane bayanai. Kowannensu yana da kimanin dubu ɗari dubu.
Ana cire wannan bayanin kuma yana maida shi ana tunawa. Wannan tsari yana faruwa ne tare da taimako na furotin na musamman, wanda yake a cikin kwayar gauraye na ciki - murfinsa wanda ke dauke da abu mai launin toka. A wani lokaci, ana adana bayanin a cikin hippocampus - tsari na musamman a cikin nau'i na teku wanda ke cikin kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa. Yana aiki kamar RAM na kwamfutar, da kuma aiwatar da motsi bayanin zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, lokacin da hippocampus yayi hulɗa tare da ƙwayar kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, yana kama da rubuta bayanai zuwa rumbun kwamfutar.
A duk halin da ake ciki, dabi'u na gani na shafar tunaninmu, sautunan da suke wucewa ta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarmu, sa'an nan kuma mu shiga cikin yankin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar lokaci. Kawai ƙananan tsari na bayanai daga ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, muna tunawa. Hanyar mafi kyau don tunawa da bayanai na dogon lokaci shine sake maimaita shi, tana motsa shi zuwa yankin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar lokaci. Idan an dakatar da bayanin a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, zai zama ƙarami ko žasa da yawa kuma za'a iya amfani dashi tsawon shekaru.
Da shekaru, yanayin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ya ɓace. Tare da ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar shekaru, yana da wuya mutum ya tuna da abubuwan da suka faru a baya kamar abubuwan da suka wuce. Raunin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ya zama bayyane bayan shekaru hamsin. Idan lokaci ba zai fara kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa ba, to, abin da ya shafi shekarun haihuwa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya zai iya bunkasa cikin matsanancin mataki na rashin lahani na aikin tunani. Canji a cikin kwakwalwarmu da kuma ɓatawar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yana faruwa a hankali kuma farawa da wuri. Mutane marasa hankali suna fama da cutar Alzheimer sau da yawa. Kodayake bincike na kwanan nan ya tabbatar da cewa wannan ba shine dalili ba. An lura cewa damuwa na tunanin mutum da damuwa na yau da kullum yana da babbar tasiri a kan tsufa. Babu wani muhimmin muhimmancin shine jigilar kwayoyin halitta. A lokacin tsufa na kwakwalwa, kayan lalacewa sun tara, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa a hankali da kuma atrophies.
Kwajin mutum yana kimanin kilo 1.3. Cikin kwakwalwar mace tana da kusan 1.2 kg. An yi imanin cewa ko da yake kwakwalwa ta mace da ƙasa, yana aiki mafi kyau. A sakamakon haka, halayyar hankulan wakilai na jinsi daban-daban an daidaita su. Mace mata shine 55% launin toka, kuma namiji - kawai 50%. Wannan yana bayanin halayen harshe mafi girma da ƙwarewar mata a cikin mata, da kuma iyawar yin tafiya cikin sararin samaniya da kuma fahimtar bayanan gani - a cikin maza.
A yau, likitoci suna da ilimin da fasahar da ke ba su damar gane canje-canje a cikin kwakwalwa a wani mataki na farko. Amma kowane ɗayanmu ya kamata yayi la'akari da matsalolin da muke ciki tare da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tun daga ƙuruciyar ƙuruciyar, ba don haifar da manta ba. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za'a iya amfani da shi don kiyaye lafiyar kwakwalwa da kuma inganta aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya shi ne na sanannun ƙwararren likitancin California, Gary Small. Ga wadanda suke so su ci gaba da kasancewa mai kyau da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, Dokta Small ya ba da fasaha, wanda ya hada da maki uku.
- Na farko shine kallo, wanda ya kamata ya fahimci bayanin.
- Na biyu shi ne hotunan, wanda ya kamata ka ƙirƙiri hotunan tunanin mutum mai haske.
- Na uku shine haɗin kai, wato, ɗaukar hotunan hotunan mutum zuwa daya.