Cutar cututtuka
A cikin kashi 90% na lokuta kafin a fara da rikitarwa, yawancin jini ba a nuna ba. Wani lokaci, tare da hauhawar jini mai tsanani (matsanancin matsin lamba), ciwon kai na ɓarna, tashin hankali da hangen nesa na iya faruwa. Idan babu magani, cutar hawan jini na haifar da lalacewa ga gabobin ciki da kuma ci gaba da rikitarwa (cikin kashi 20% na marasa lafiya): zuciya da cutar koda, lalacewa ta ƙarshe ko bugun jini. Idan hauhawar jini ta haifar da wasu cututtuka, ana nuna alamun bayyanarsa a hoto na ilimin lissafi. Harhawan jini shine cuta na musamman wanda ya shafi 10-15% na yawan. Rarraban cutar hawan jini (CD) shine babban dalilin mutuwa. Ci gaba da cutar tana hade da irin waɗannan matsaloli kamar:
• shekarun - matakin CD yana ƙaruwa tare da shekaru, amma ba za a ɗauke shi azaman al'ada na samfurin CD din a tsufa;
• nauyi - CD ya fi girma a cikin mutane da nauyin jiki mai nauyi;
• tseren - jama'ar Amirka na zuriyarsu na Afirka, misali, hauhawar jini, sun fi dacewa da wadanda suke da asalin Turai.
Rawan jini mai mahimmanci
Fiye da kashi 90 cikin dari na marasa lafiya da cutar hawan jini suna fama da hawan jini, wanda ba ya da wani dalilin dalili. Wani rawar da ake yi a cikin wannan shine tarihin iyali, kiba, maye gurbin shan giya, da kuma abubuwan muhalli.
Wasu dalilai
• Hawan jini na mummunar cutar ta lalacewa ta hanyar irin nau'in jini na lalata jini, wanda aka sani da ƙwayar ƙwayar cutacin fibrinoid.
• Ciki. Cikakken CD yana ɗaukar kimanin kashi 5-10% na ciki da ciki, kuma, kasancewar ɓangaren ciwo mai tsanani tare da lalacewa ta jiki, ya kawo babban haɗari ga mahaifi da tayin.
Hawan jini zai iya zama alama ta biyu tare da:
• ilimin lissafin kodan;
• ciwace-ciyen daji na ƙarsocrine wanda ke haifar da kwayoyin hormones wadanda ke shafar gwargwadon ruwa-gishiri cikin jiki ko saki abubuwa kamar adrenaline;
• shan wasu magunguna;
• abubuwan da ke faruwa a ciki.
Ruwan jini yana auna ta sphygmomanometer. Wannan na'ura tana rijista dabi'u biyu na matsin lamba a millimeters na mercury (mm Hg): na farko - a tsawon girman zuciya - a systole, na biyu - tare da shakatawa - a cikin diastole. A lokacin da aka bincikar hauhawar jini, an lasafta dukkanin canji. Kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku na lokuta na hauhawar jini za a iya gano kuma an gano su. Domin ganewar asali ya isa yin rajista na uku a cikin sau uku yanayi.
Sauran binciken sun hada da:
- Sassin bincike don gina jiki;
- gwajin jini don sigogi na aikin koda;
- X-ray X da ECG don gano karamin zuciya.
Akwai kurakurai don auna karfin jini. Za a iya samun dabi'u mai zurfi a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi, tare da cikakken mafitsara ko kuma karamin ƙarami. Marasa lafiya waɗanda ke buƙatar magani na gaggawa sun hada da:
• marasa lafiya da cutar karfin jini game da 250/140 mm Hg. art. tare da hauhawar jini mai tsanani. Suna iya fuskanci canje-canje mai tsanani a cikin asusun da kuma rashin cikakkiyar kariya tare da cututtuka (kasancewar yawan nau'in urea da sauran kayan nitrogen a cikin jini);
• Magunguna da ciwon sakandare na gabobin ciki (zuciya, kodan) da matsin lamba na kimanin 220/110 mm Hg. Art.
Hanyar da ba ta da magunguna
Magunguna da matsanancin hawan jini (hawan diastolic har zuwa 95-110 mm Hg) ba su kai tsaye a hadarin ba, don haka zaka iya ƙoƙarin cimma manufa ta CD ba tare da amfani da wasu hanyoyi ba:
• asarar nauyi;
• ƙuntatawa ga gishiri;
• ƙuntata kayan abinci masu kyau;
• ƙuntata amfani da giya;
• ƙi na maganin ƙwararru;
• Ƙara aiki na jiki.
Idan ba a samu sakamakon da aka so ba a cikin watanni uku, yana iya zama wajibi don rubuta kwayoyi. Don magance matsalolin jini, ana yin amfani da diuretics da masu amfani da tashoshi mai kwakwalwa.
Amfanin magani
Jiyya ya kamata dogon lokaci, kuma watakila, tsawon rayuwa. Sau da yawa mutane suna shan magunguna don shekaru 30-40. Abubuwan amfana na farfadowa sun hada da:
• Raguwa a cikin mace, musamman a tsakanin masu shan taba masu ƙwayar yara da tsananin hauhawar jini;
• rage haɗarin rashin tausayi na zuciya da cututtukan jini;
• rage haɗarin tasowa gazawar koda.
Duk da haka, koda da iko mai kyau na bayyanar cututtuka, hauhawar jini na iya jin dadi, musamman ma idan yana jin maganin kwayoyi, wato:
- gajiya - lokacin shan beta-blockers;
- tari mai bushe - tare da yin amfani da masu hana ACE;
- jinkiri;
- matsaloli da iya aiki, wanda zai iya zama sakamako mai karfi na kwayoyi masu yawa.
Kulawa da karfi
Sau da yawa, marasa lafiya suna kuskure sunyi imani da cewa zasu iya ɗaukar karfin jini a karkashin iko. Samun darajar dabi'u mai mahimmanci yana da wuya. Duk da kasancewar wasu kwayoyi, kawai a kashi 20% na lokuta yana yiwuwa a cimma matsin lamba na diastolic na kasa da 90 mm RT. Art. A cikin kashi 60 cikin dari na marasa lafiya, hawan jini yana gudana a matsakaicin matakin (matsin diastolic 90-109 mm Hg), kuma kashi 20% na da mummunar sakamakon (fiye da 110 mm Hg).
Lokacin da karfin jini ya ƙarfafa, likita na iya sake rubuta magunguna. Ana iya hana sakamakon hauhawar jini tare da ganewar asalin cutar. Idan babu magani, cutar hawan jini zai kara haɗarin rashin mutuwa (kafin shekaru 70). Duk da haka, tare da isasshen magani, yawancin marasa lafiya suna da rayuwa ta rayuwa ba tare da rikitarwa ba. Babban mawuyacin mutuwa a hauhawar jini shine bugun jini (45%) da kuma infarction na sirri (35%). Ƙungiyoyin mutane waɗanda ke da alamun samfurori marasa galihu sun haɗa da: matasa marasa lafiya; maza. Mata masu shan maganin ƙwaƙwalwa suna da haɗari ga ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ko ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, musamman idan suna shan taba.
Tsarin kariya
Analysis of data on lura da m hauhawar jini nuna cewa rage a diastolic matsa lamba ta 5-6 mm Hg. Art. yana kaiwa zuwa sakamakon da ke gaba:
• ragowar kashi 38% na hadarin bugun jini;
• raguwar kashi 16 cikin hadarin cututtukan zuciya.
Don ware hauhawar jini, duk masu tsufa har zuwa shekarun 80 ya kamata a kai a kai (sau biyar a kowace shekara) suna gudanar da karfin jini. Lokacin da aka gano dabi'un iyakoki ko karuwa guda ɗaya a cikin karfin jini, kula da hankali ya zama dole.