Halitta na nightshade shine shekara-shekara, ciyayi mai kyau, shrubs, shuki-shrubs, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ko tsayi mai hawa. Ganye suna da lafiya, haɗewa ko na yau da kullum, pinnate ko lobate. Fure-fure a yawancin lokuta daidai ne, bisexual, rami ko a cikin inflorescences, biyar-membered. Hanyoyin irin wannan shuka shine nau'i-nau'i-nau'in nau'i-nau'i mai nau'i biyu. Nightshade a nasa hanya yana da shuke-shuke al'adu masu muhimmanci - eggplants, dankali, wani lokacin tumatir.
Iri.
A Rasha, akwai kimanin nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in nau'i na wannan nau'i.
Alal misali, nightshade mai dadi-sanyi (S. dulcamara) yana da rabi-shrub tare da tsalle-tsalle, furanni ne mafi yawan lalac, kuma berries suna da haske ja. Yana girma a kudancin Siberia Siyasa kuma kusan a ko'ina cikin Turai a cikin tsire-tsire, ravines, gandun daji, tare da bankuna tafki.
Black nightshade (S. nigrum) - wani tsirrai da tsire-tsire masu furanni, tare da baki berries (wani lokacin akwai berries na koren launi). A cikin nau'i na tsire-tsire tana kusa da gidaje, a cikin lambuna da gonaki.
Duk nau'in jinsuna a cikin abun ciki sun ƙunshi abu mai guba - alkaloid solanine, wanda zai haifar da guba.
A lobed nightshade (S. laciniatum). Kasashen gida na wannan jinsin shine Ostiraliya. A cikin abun da ke ciki yana da glycoalkaloids (solamargin da solasonin), waɗanda ake amfani da su don samun irin wadannan kwayoyin steroid kamar cortisone da progesterone. Ana amfani da waɗannan hormones a magani. A cikin nau'i na shekara-shekara na girma a cikin yankin na Krasnodar.
Yawancin nau'in nightshade suna girma ne kamar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin gonaki. Ga wasu daga cikinsu: darksharin brownshade, fringed nightshade. A cikin greenhouses kuma a cikin dakin yanayi barkono nightshade ya girma.
A cikin yanayin ɗakin, nightshade yana buƙatar kulawa: kulawa da wuri, dacewa mai tsabta, zafi mai sanyi a cikin hunturu. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, injin zai rasa kayan ado da sauri.
Kula da nightshade.
Nightshade ne mai tsinkayyiyar hoto, don haka saboda aikin da ke da muhimmanci mai haske wanda ake haskaka haske. Hasken hasken rana sun sha wahala. Yana girma a kusa da taga ta yamma da kuma gabas. Kusa da gefen kudancin, nightshade ya kamata ya zama pritenyat.
A lokacin rani, ɗakin ɗakin yana da kyau a fitar da nightshade a kan titi, amma ya kamata a kiyaye shi ba kawai daga hasken hasken rana ba (don kaucewa kunar rana), amma daga zane da hazo. A titi a cikin sararin sama nightshade zai kawo karin 'ya'yan itatuwa, maimakon idan yayi girma cikin dakin.
Domin hunturu, kana buƙatar tunani akan ƙarin haske. Rashin wutar lantarki yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa tsire-tsire yana da kyau, kuma yana da 'ya'yan itace kuma akwai' yan ganye akan shi.
Shuka nightshade ba kawai a cikin bazara, amma har a lokacin rani ana ba da shawarar ci gaba da digiri 18-25. Kuma a cikin kaka da hunturu tsire-tsire zaiyi 'ya'ya a digiri 12-15. Idan yawan zazzabi a cikin hunturu ya fi 18 na С, to, ganye zasu fara juya launin rawaya da kuma tashi a kan, kuma berries za su fara gusawa kuma su fara crumble. Bugu da ƙari, a wannan lokacin, inji yana buƙatar iska mai kyau, amma ba daftarin ba.
Watering m (Afrilu-Satumba).
A cikin yanayin dakin a lokacin daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu, an tilasta injin din saboda rage yawan iska da rage haske, yana cikin lokacin hutawa. A farkon wannan lokacin, an ajiye nightshade a cikin ɗaki mai dadi, inda ake kiyaye zafi mai tsanani. Yin watsi a wannan lokaci ya kamata a iyakance kuma ya kiyaye haka har sai bayyanar sabon harbe, to, sai a kara yawan karar.
Indices masu zafi suna shafar lokaci na 'ya'yan itace, saboda haka an bada shawarar kula da shi akalla kashi 65.
Nightshade ya kamata a yadu a kai a kai, yana da mahimmanci don sanya akwati tare da tsire a kan pallet, wanda aka cika da launi na yatsu, fadada yumbu ko peat. Ƙasashin akwati ya kamata a sama da ruwa, amma ba cikin ruwa ba.
Ana yin gyare-gyare mafi girma a watan Mayu-Satumba tare da takin mai magani na musamman sau ɗaya a mako ko makonni biyu. Ana amfani da taki don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
A ƙarshen lokacin hunturu, ana juyayi berries kuma ganye suna juya launin rawaya, sa'an nan kuma ana bukatar yanke bishiya a 1/3 na tsawo, sa'an nan kuma a dasa shi cikin sabo ne. A lokacin kaka, ana buƙatar ƙarshen ƙananan furanni.
An yi dashi dare shayi bayan pruning a kowace shekara tare da farkon lokacin bazara.
Farin abin da ya dace: daidai sassa na ganye da turf ƙasa, peat. Ko kamar haka: yashi (1 part) da sassa biyu na turf, peat, humus ƙasa. Kyakkyawan tsaftacewa yana da muhimmanci, wannan zai kauce wa lalacewa tushen tsarin.
Sake bugun.
Wannan na cikin gidan shuka mai yawa ta hanyar cuttings da tsaba.
Tsaba suna ninuwa sau da yawa a cikin bazara, domin ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai siffar (dole ne ganye) kuma an shuka shi a ƙarƙashin gilashi a zafin jiki na ba kasa da digiri 20 ba, amma ba fiye da digiri 22 ba. Ana shuka tsaba a fadin duniya kuma an rufe shi da wani karamin rawanin yashi mai laushi. Makonni biyu ya fito. Bayan tsirrai biyu, ana shuka matashi a cikin tukwane tare da matakan da suke biyo baya: humus (2 sassa), yashi da turf ƙasa (1 part kowace) kuma ana wajaba dasu. A lokacin rani, shuke-shuke suna buƙata a yanka su sau da yawa, wannan wajibi ne don taɗa branching.
Sake gyaran by cuttings zai yiwu a lokacin bazara-rani. A saboda wannan dalili ana dasa shuki don ingantawa mafi kyau a cikin yashi mai yashi ko perlite (zaka iya ɗaukar cakuda kunshi sassa na yashi da peat). Da zarar stalk ya dauki tushe, an nutse a cikin tukunya tare da ƙasa ta kunshe da: yashi da turf ƙasa (1 part kowace) da sassa biyu humus, yin amfani da shi yana da muhimmanci. A lokacin rani, matasan shuke-shuke suna buƙata a yanke su sau da yawa, wanda zai ba da ƙarfin don ingantawa.
Tsantsayewa: kayan lambu suna da kyau mai haske, amma suna dauke da abubuwa masu guba, don haka idan gida yana da kananan yara, don guje wa guba, kiyayewa ya zama dole.
Matsalolin da suka yiwu.
Qananan berries. A wannan yanayin, za ka iya yin amfani da furen nightshade da wuyar launin fata.
A cikin hunturu, 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganye sun fadi. Dalilin shi ne cewa dakin ya bushe sosai kuma iska ta dumi.
Damaged: aphids, gizo-gizo mite (musamman idan an ajiye shuka a cikin daki da iska mai iska), aphids, whitefly.