Hanyoyin ci gaban yara a cikin mahaifa

Wani muhimmin labari wanda ke shafar rayuwar da ke gaba daga mutum har zuwa mutuwa shine haihuwarsa. Halin da aka tsara na zamani ya nuna daidai a wannan lokacin. Zamanin intratherine da kwanakin farko na mutum ya shafi sauran rayuwa, duk da cewa ba za mu iya yin tasiri ba. Mafi mahimmanci shine watanni 18 na rayuwa - daga lokacin asali zuwa watanni 9 na zaman kanta.

Matsayi na ci gaban yaro a cikin mahaifa daga haifa zuwa haihuwa

Dukkan dabbobi da mutane suna da irin wannan tsarin. Mata, kamar mata, samar da kwai, maza, kamar maza cikin yanayi, su ne spermatozoa. Tayi tayi a yayin da aka hadu da ovum tare da tantanin halitta. Bugu da ƙari, cewa kowane nau'in an sake bugawa don ci gaba da jinsin, yanayin ya sanya tsarin haɗaka tsari mai kyau.

Tsakanin ganyayyaki a cikin mata suna a matakin ƙashin ƙugu, a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ciki. Yawan mahaifa na mace, sunan kowa da na kowa - mahaifa, kwaya ne na kwayoyin halitta, kimanin hamsin da nau'in miliyon hudu a cikin girman, yana auna har zuwa hamsin hamsin, wanda yake tsakiyar tsakiyar kwayoyin halitta. Iyaka yayi kama da nau'in nau'i mai nau'in pear kuma ya haɗu da farkon farjin tare da ɓangaren sashi. Ƙananan ɓangaren mahaifa ya ƙare tare da buɗewa na ciki na kogin mahaifa.

Ana ci gaba da ɓangaren mahaifa ta hanyoyi guda biyu da ake gudanarwa a wurare daban-daban a tsawon kimanin 7-10 inimita. Kowace tube a karshen ƙarshen daga cikin mahaifa ya ƙare tare da rami a cikin kararrawa, a inda aka samo ovary. A gindin kowane nau'in ovaries shine nau'in oviductive.

Kwanan wata ƙwarjin ya fara a cikin rami kuma kimanin kwanaki 10 bayan hayewa ya motsa zuwa cikin mahaifa tare da bututu daga ovary. Bugu da kari, an shirya wani rufi mai dacewa a cikin mahaifa don yasa ya hadu da ƙwai. Idan tsarin hadi na kwai bai faru ba, yana wuce ta cikin mahaifa kuma yana waje. Bayan kimanin makonni 2, an shirya katanga ta musamman da aka fitar, kuma an gina sabon kwai don haɗuwa da kwai na gaba. Wannan tsari na barin kayan da ba a amfani dashi mun kasance muna kiran haila.

Gabobin jikin namiji sune kwayoyin halitta, waɗanda suke kafin haihuwar yaron a matakin lamarin lumbar, amma bayan haihuwar ya ɗauki wurin su a cikin karamin. A cikin kwayoyin, an halicce kwaya. Masana kimiyya sun lissafa cewa mutum mai lafiya zai iya jefa fiye da miliyan 200 na kwayar halitta ta kowane nau'i, kuma samfurori masu samar da kwayar cutar guda daya zasu iya kimanin kilomita 1 ko 1609 mita.

A lokacin yin jima'i, maniyyi na namiji ya shiga cikin farji na mace ta hanyar kuturta. Ci gaba na spermatozoon mai girma zuwa buɗewa a cikin cervix yana samar da wutsiya mai tsawo, wanda, yawo, yana motsa jiki na maniyyi kuma yana tasowa har zuwa 3 mm a minti daya. Ana aika da kwayar cutar ta sauri cikin cervix cikin yankin mai layi, ta hanzarta zuwa ga bututu tare da babban manufar - to takin kwai. Da zarar spermatozoon ya fi sauri ya kai yakin, sai ya yi amfani da shi, yayin da ya canza siffar nan da nan kuma ya zama marar amfani ga sauran spermatozoa

Kwancen da aka hadu da shi yana motsawa a cikin rami na uterine ta hanyar tube, an gyara shi akan bangon kuma ya fara ci gaba. Gyaran launi na musamman ya canza, canzawa zuwa cikin ƙananan rashi, ya zama "gida" yaro, kuma yana da hanyar kai tsaye don ciyar da tayin. Ciwon ya fara farawa da sauri, fadadawa kuma ya zama wuri mai laushi, suturar ƙwayoyin cutar, an kafa tasoshin jini - ci gaba da yaro ya fara.

Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin kwai sukan zama nau'i-nau'i daban-daban sun fara samuwa, wanda nan da nan zai wakilci sassan jikin jaririn da gabobin. Tuni a wancan lokaci jima'i na yaro yaro ya kwanta.

Da yake a cikin mahaifa, yarinyar yana zaune a cikin wani ruwa mai shafe, wanda ke kare tayin daga lalacewar hadari (idan uwar, alal misali, ta buga wani abu). Bugu da kari, ruwa yana samar da yawan zazzabi da kuma sarari kyauta, isasshen motsi na tayin, har zuwa lokacin haihuwar.

Gabatarwa da tayin yana faruwa da sauri. Bayan wata daya, ya yi girma zuwa 4 mm kuma yana cikin ƙaramin magungunan ruwa wanda aka cika da ruwa, game da girman kudan zuma. Kuma wata daya daga baya, tayin zai kai kimanin 30 mm kuma ya riga ya yiwu ya iya gane sassan jikinsa - kai, makamai, kafafu. A wannan lokaci jaririn na gaba yana da tsarin kansa mai juyayi.

Amfanin abinci a cikin mahaifa a cikin jariri ana gudanar da ita ta hanyar igiya, wanda aka haɗa da mahaifa. Kwanciya, wanda ke ciki a cikin mahaifa, a matsayin mai tace, ya raba abubuwa masu muhimmanci daga jinin mahaifiyar da mahaifiyar ya zuwa ga yaro da tubalan, yana tsare abubuwa masu haɗari. Tsarin ban mamaki! Kuma bayan lokacin da aka haifi jariri, igiya mai iya kai daga 30 cm zuwa 100 cm.

Tsawancin 'ya'yan itace ta ƙarshen watanni uku ya kai 9 cm, kuma nauyin yana kimanin nau'i nau'i 30, bayan mako huɗu da tsawon shine 18 cm, kuma nauyin tayi na kimanin 120 grams. A wannan lokaci, aiki mai zurfi na zuciya yana lura kuma yana iya yiwuwar ƙayyade jima'i na yaro a nan gaba. Yunkurin tayin zai zama mai zurfi. Yawancin lokaci, waɗannan ƙananan motsi sun zama sanannun makonni 18 zuwa 18 bayan hadi.

A watan biyar na ci gaban tayin, tsawonsa ya kai 25 cm, kuma nauyinsa ya kusan 700 grams. Akwai lokuta da aka kwatanta a maganin lokacin da 'ya'yan da aka haifa a wannan lokaci sun tsira. Bayan makonni 28 bayan zuwanta, ta ƙarshen watan bakwai watau tayin ya zama cikakkiyar zama. Tuni ya zama talakawa kuma ba abin mamaki bane, lokacin da aka haifi 'ya'ya a wannan lokaci kuma suna tsira, duk da murhun da ke karkashin kasa.

Da watanni takwas da tsawon yarin yaron ne 44 cm kuma yayi dace da ci gaba, kodayake ana buƙatar kulawa da irin waɗannan yara. Bayan makonni 36, a watan 9 na jaririn yana kimanin kimanin 2.27-2.50 kg, jikinsa yana aiki da ci gaba, amma duk da haka, yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali, tun da an dauke shi cewa cikakkiyar lokacin ɗan ƙarami ne Watanni 10.

Nauyin yarin da ya dace a lokacin yarinya na mako 40 na tayin zai zama 3.2 -3.4 kg, kuma tsawo - kimanin 48. A wannan mataki, haifuwar haihuwa ta faru.

Mun ba da bayanin taƙaitaccen matakai na ci gaban halitta a cikin mahaifa, ba tare da la'akari da dalilai na waje ba, irin su: tasirin muhalli, halaye na kwayoyin, abinci, halin jinin iyayensu, dukansu lokacin zane da lokacin gestation. Duk waɗannan dalilai suna tasiri sosai akan ci gaban tayi. Ba zai yiwu a bi kome ba, amma iyaye masu kula da ci gaban yaro dole ne su haifar da dukkanin yanayi mafi kyau. Wadannan sun haɗa da: kulawa ga lafiyar mutum ba kawai a yayin lokacin gestation ba, amma kuma kafin zuwan yaron, kuma kula da lafiyar lafiyar mahaifiyar. Hakanan haihuwa bai faru ba kawai don dalilai na jiki, amma kuma sakamakon damuwa da damuwa da damuwa. Saboda haka, ba kome ba ne da suka yi imani da cewa don ci gaba da ingantaccen yaron a cikin mahaifa, yana da muhimmanci a kula da al'ada ta al'ada a yanayin lokaci tare da yanayin ilimin lissafi da na halin mutum.