Gyaran mata masu juna biyu don ganewa abubuwan rashin ciwo na chromosomal na tayin, ɗaukar matakan ciki

Wani lokaci ana ganin iyaye masu zuwa gaba daya ne kawai suna yin likita, sunyi gwaje-gwaje kuma sunyi karatu da yawa. Kuma me ya sa ya zama dole? Akwai ƙididdiga da yawa waɗanda ke haifar da hadarin samun ciwon yaro da cututtuka irin su Down's syndrome, Edwards ciwo da kuma ciwo masu tasowa, wanda aka bayyana a farkon matakan ciki. Yana da game da zazzagewa. A zamaninmu, sau da yawa sau da yawa fara farawa don mata masu juna biyu don gano abubuwan rashin ciwo na chromosomal na tayin, ɗaukar matakan ciki.

Menene wannan?

Daga duk masu yiwuwa iyaye mata da aka bincika, an gano wata ƙungiyar mata, sakamakonsa ya bambanta sosai daga al'ada. Wannan yana nuna cewa a cikin tayin yiwuwa yiwuwar samun duk wani cututtuka ko lahani ya fi yadda sauran. Nuna nazarin gwaninta yana da tasiri na nazarin da ake nufi da gano abubuwan da ke ci gaba da ci gaba ko kuma mummunan tayi. Wannan hadaddun ya hada da:

♦ nazarin kwayoyin halitta - gwajin jini wanda zai ba ka izinin kasancewar takamaiman abubuwa ("alamomi") a cikin jini wanda ya canza a wasu cututtuka, irin su Down's syndrome, Edwards ciwo, da ƙananan suturar ƙwayoyin jiki. Sakamako na biochemical kawai shine tabbatar da yiwuwar, amma ba a gane ba Saboda haka, tare da shi akwai ƙarin bincike;

♦ Duban duban dan tayi (duban dan tayi) - an yi a kowane jigon ciki na ciki kuma ya ba da damar gane yawancin rashin lahani da kuma abubuwan da ke ci gaban yaron. Binciken da ake ciki yana kunshe da matakai daban-daban, kowannensu yana da mahimmanci, yayin da yake bayar da bayani game da ci gaban ɗan yaro da matsaloli masu yiwuwa.

Hanyoyin haɗari ga ci gaban pathology a cikin ba a haifa ba:

♦ shekarun matar ta fiye da shekaru 35:

♦ yana da akalla biyu abortions a cikin farkon farkon ciki;

♦ yi amfani kafin zuwan ciki ko kuma a farkon matakan daukar ciki na wasu shirye-shiryen maganin pharmacological;

♦ haifa ta mahaifiyar mahaifiyar gaba, cututtuka ta bidiyo;

♦ kasancewar a cikin dangin yaro wanda ya tabbatar da ciwo na Down, sauran cututtuka na chromosomal, rashin lafiyar jiki;

♦ sadaukar da iyali na halayen chromosomal;

♦ abubuwan cututtuka a cikin iyali nan da nan;

♦ bayyanar radiyo ko wasu cututtuka masu haɗari a daya daga cikin ma'aurata kafin zuwan.

Mene ne ke bincika nazarin kwayoyin halitta?

• Saukar nauyin haɗarin hormone na mutum (hCG)

• RARP A shine haɗin gurasar plasma mai ciki.

HGH hormone yana samar da kwayoyin halitta na embryo (chorion). Yana da godiya ga bincike a kan hCG cewa za a iya tabbatar da ciki a ranar 2 zuwa 3 bayan hadi. Matsayin wannan hormone yana ƙaruwa a cikin 1-farkon watanni kuma ya kai iyakarta ta mako 10-12. Bugu da ari, ƙananan ya rage kuma ya kasance m a lokacin rabi na biyu na ciki. Hmg hormone ya ƙunshi raka'a biyu (alpha da beta). Ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne na musamman beta, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin kwakwalwa.

Idan matakin girman hCG yana da girma, zai iya yin magana game da:

• Yara da yawa (yawancin HCG yana ƙaruwa akan rabon 'ya'yan itatuwa);

• Ciwo na ciwo da wasu cututtuka;

♦ Tsari;

♦ ciwon sukari a cikin uwa mai zuwa;

♦ kuskuren lokacin kafa na ciki.

Idan an saukar da matakin HCG, zai iya magana game da:

♦ kasancewa na ciki ciki;

♦ rashin ciki ba tare da haihuwa ko barazanar zubar da ciki ba;

♦ jinkirta ci gaba da jaririn nan gaba;

♦ ƙananan rashin ƙarfi;

♦ mutuwar tayi (a cikin II-III uku na ciki).

An lasafta shi ta hanyar daftarin haka:

MoM - darajar mai nuna alama a cikin magani da aka raba ta wurin darajar tsakiyar mai nuna alama ga wannan lokacin ciki. Halin shine darajar mai nunawa kusa da haɗin kai.

Akwai dalilai masu yawa waɗanda zasu iya rinjayar tasirin waɗanda aka samu:

♦ nauyin mace mai ciki;

♦ Shan taba;

♦ shan magunguna;

• tarihin ciwon sukari a cikin uwa mai zuwa;

• ciki a sakamakon IVF.

Saboda haka, yayin da aka kirga hadarin, likitoci suna amfani da darajar MoM da aka gyara. Yin la'akari da duk siffofin da dalilai. Matsayin matakin MoM daga 0.5 zuwa 2.5. Kuma a yanayin saurin ciki, har zuwa 3.5 MoM. Dangane da sakamakon da aka samu, zai zama fili ko mahaifiyar nan gaba tana da hadari ga pathologies na chromosomal ko a'a. Idan haka ne, likita zai shawarci bincike mai zurfi. Ba lallai ba ne a damu da damuwa idan an ba ka damar yin nazari don bidiyon na biyu - an bada shawarar cewa dukkan mata masu juna biyu za su kula da su, ba tare da sakamakon sakamakon farko ba. Allah yana kare kariya!

II Sakamako na Farko

"Gwajin sau uku"

An yi shi ne daga 16 zuwa 20 na mako na ciki (mafi kyau lokaci daga 16 zuwa 18th mako).

Hada nunawa

• Duban jarrabawa (ta yin amfani da bayanai da aka samu a farkon jimlar farko);

• Binciken biochemical;

• gwajin jini ga AFP;

Free Estriol;

• ƙwayar gonadotropin chorionic (hCG). Binciken na biyu yana nufin gano haɗarin yaro tare da Down's Syndrome, Edwards, wani ɓangaren ƙwayar ƙwayar jiki da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta. A lokacin gwaji na biyu, nazarin hormone na ciwon ciki da kuma hanta na tayin na tayin, wanda ke dauke da bayanan da ya dace game da ci gaban yaro. Mene ne hormones na "gwaji uku" da abin da aka nuna ta karuwa ko ragewa a matakin su a cikin jini? Game da hormone HCG an riga an ambata a sama, amma ɗayan biyu suna buƙatar bayani.Harfa-fetolrothein (AFP) wani furotin ne a cikin jinin jariri farkon samfurori na ci gaba da juna biyu.Yawanci a cikin hanta da kuma gastrointestinal tract na tayi. An yi aikin alpha-fetaprotein don kare tayin daga tsarin kulawa da mahaifa.

Rashin karuwa a matakin AFP yana nuna yiwuwar zama:

♦ lalatawar ƙwayar ƙafa na tayin (antenphaly, spina bifida);

♦ Meckel ciwo (wata alamar - wani asibiti craniocerebral hernia;

♦ Asophagus atresia (yanayin ilimin tayi, lokacin da esophagus a cikin tayi ya ƙare, ba ya kai ciki (yaro ba zai iya daukar abinci ba ta bakin) 1 ";

♦ ɗayan hernia;

♦ ba tausayi na gefen ciki na ciki na tayin ba;

♦ Ciwon hanta necrosis saboda kamuwa da cutar bidiyo.

Rawancin matakin AFP ya nuna cewa:

♦ Ciwo na ciwo - rashin lafiya 21 (lokaci bayan makonni 10 na ciki);

♦ Edwards ciwo - ƙyama 18;

♦ ɓataccen lokaci na ciki (mafi girma fiye da wajibi don bincike);

♦ mutuwar tayin.

• Tsarin AFP a magani

Free estriol - wannan hormone yana haifar da ƙwayar, kuma daga baya hanta na tayin. A halin yanzu na ciki, matakin wannan hormone yana ci gaba da girma.

Ƙarin karuwa a cikin matakin ɗan adam zai iya magana game da:

♦ Yayi yawa;

♦ manyan 'ya'yan itace;

♦ cutar ciwo, cututtukan koda a cikin uwa mai zuwa.

Rage a matakin ethriol na iya nunawa:

♦ rashin cikakken isa;

♦ Ciwo na ciwo;

♦ Anencephaly na tayin;

♦ barazanar ba da haihuwa;

♦ Adropal hypoplasia na tayin;

♦ kamuwa da cutar intrauterine. Ayyuka na estriol a cikin magani.

Duban dan tayi III Gwaje-gwaje-gwaje na Tuntun

Ana gudanar da shi daga 30 zuwa makon 34 na ciki (mafi kyau lokacin yana daga 32 zuwa 33rd makon). Duban dan tayi nazarin yanayin da wurin da yarinya ke ciki, ya ƙayyade adadin ruwan amniotic da wuri na tayin a cikin mahaifa. Bisa ga alamun, likita na iya tsara ƙarin nazarin - zane-zane da zane-zane. Doppler - wannan bincike ne yake farawa daga makon 24 na ciki, amma mafi yawan likitocin sun rubuta shi bayan mako 30.

Sharuɗɗa don ɗaukarwa:

♦ rashin cikakken isa;

♦ ƙananan ƙaruwa a cikin tsawo na tsayayyar karamar kaji;

♦ Circumference na igiya;

♦ gestosis, da dai sauransu.

Doppler wani tafarki ne da ke samar da bayanai game da samar da jini. Yaduwar jini yana gudana cikin tasoshin cikin mahaifa, ƙananan umbilical, ƙwaƙwalwar tsakiya na tsakiya da kuma aorta na tayin an bincika kuma idan aka kwatanta da kudaden wannan lokaci. Bisa ga sakamakon, an yanke shawara akan ko yaduwar jinin tayi na al'ada, ko akwai rashin isashshen oxygen da kayan abinci. Idan ya cancanta, an wajabta kwayoyi don inganta yaduwar jini daga cikin mahaifa. Cardiotocography (CTG) wata hanya ce ta rikodin zuciya ta fetal da kuma canje-canje a cikin amsawa ga takunkumin uterine. Ana bada shawara don ciyarwa daga makon 32 na ciki. Wannan hanya ba shi da wata takaddama. Ana gudanar da CTG tare da taimakon na'urar ultrasonic, wanda aka gyara a cikin ciki na mace mai ciki (yawanci ana amfani dashi, wanda ake kira CTG mai kai tsaye). Tsawancin CTG (daga 40 zuwa 60 minutes) ya dogara da nauyin aiki da sauran tayin. Ana iya amfani da CTG don saka idanu da yanayin jaririn da kuma a lokacin haihuwa, da lokacin haihuwa.

Sha'idodin CTG:

♦ ciwon sukari a cikin uwa mai zuwa;

♦ ciki tare da nau'in Rh factor;

♦ ganowa na maganin antiphospholipid lokacin daukar ciki;

♦ jinkirta cikin girma tayi.

Dikita ya jagoranci zuwa yin nazari kuma (idan ya cancanta) ya bada shawarar kara gwadawa, amma bai kamata ya rinjayi shawarar mace ba. Yawancin iyaye masu zuwa a gaba sun ki yarda da binciken, suna jayayya cewa za su haifa a kowane hali, komai da sakamakon binciken. Idan ka shigar da lambar su kuma ba sa so ka yi allon, to wannan ne dama, kuma babu wanda zai tilasta maka. Matsayin likita shine ya bayyana dalilin da yasa aka gudanar da zane-zane, abin da za a iya binciko bincikar bincike sakamakon binciken da ke gudana, kuma idan akwai hanyoyin gano kwayoyin cutar (chopionic biopsy, amniocentesis, cordocentesis), ya fada game da hadarin gaske. Bayan haka, haɗarin zubar da ciki bayan irin wannan jarrabawa na kimanin kashi 2%. Dole ne likita ya gargadi ku game da wannan. Abin takaici, likitoci ba su da lokaci don bayyana cikakken sakamakon sakamakon nunawa. Muna fatan cewa a cikin wannan labarin mun sami damar bayyana wasu bangarorin wannan muhimmin binciken.