Fassara siffofin
Tun lokacin da asma ya zama cututtukan iska, inhalation ita ce hanya mafi kyau don sadar da miyagun ƙwayoyi a makiyayar. Akwai magungunan magunguna da dama waɗanda ake amfani dasu don magance fuka, amma duk da haka magunguna suna zama tushen farfadowa. Mafi mahimmancin tsarin kulawa yana dauke da magani ne, bisa ga aikin mai haƙuri zuwa wani nau'i bisa ga karuwa ko rage yawan ƙwayar cuta da kuma nada magani mai dacewa. Dabbobi na samfurori da hanyoyin da suke amfani da sun hada da:
∎ bronchodilator (bronchodilator) - akan buƙatar;
∎ Binciken ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin haɗuwa tare da shirya shiri don hana hare-haren (cromoglycate sodium ko ƙananan ƙwayar magani); A cikin bronchodilator a hade tare da shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen don hana rigakafi da kuma aikin da aka yi a tsawon lokaci; bronchodilator a hade tare da wani babban kashi na miyagun ƙwayoyi don kare rigakafi da kuma mai daɗaɗɗen hanzari. Akwai na'urori daban-daban, mahimmancin shine don tabbatar da iyakar adadin maganin magani zuwa wurin aikinsa a cikin hanyoyi.
Bayyana mai kwantar da hankali
Lokacin da ake amfani da inhaler-dose inhaler, wani kashi na miyagun ƙwayoyi ya shiga jiki a cikin wani nau'i na aerosol. Babban mahimmancin wannan hanya ita ce tasirin miyagun ƙwayoyi a jikin kututturewa da kuma wahalar haɓakawa da haɓakawa na mai shukarwa. Tare da taimakon mai kwantar da hankalin mai kwakwalwa da kuma ma'auni wanda aka haɗa da ita, ana kawo maganin zuwa ɗakin ɗakin ɗakin na musamman daga abin da yake haɗuwa ta bakin bakin ciki tare da bawul, kuma a cikin na'urori ga kananan yara - ta hanyar mai amfani da mask. Sabili da haka, an warware matsalar matsalar haɗakarwa da ɓacin rai, wanda ya sa wannan hanya ta miyagun ƙwayoyi ya dace a aikace-aikace da tasiri. Har ila yau, akwai masu yaduwa masu foda wanda ke samar da miyagun ƙwayoyi ta hanyar ƙwayar mucous membrane na respiratory tract. An yi amfani da su ne don amfani da yara yara da kuma tsofaffi.
Nebulizer
Mabulizers sun juya maganin maganin ruwa a cikin aerosol ƙarƙashin rinjayar iska mai kwakwalwa ko iskar oxygen mai tsabta. Suna dacewa da kulawa kuma ana nufin su, na farko, don farfadowa na gaggawa na ciwon sukari na asibiti a asibiti da kuma ofishin likitan. A cikin hare-haɗen ƙwayoyin asthma mafi tsanani, yin amfani da allurar ƙwayar magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta dole ne don fadada hanyoyi. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da aminophylline a cikin waɗannan lokuta, kodayake wasu binciken sun bada shawarar yin amfani da salbutamol. Idan yanayin likitan da ke fama da ciwon hauka mai tsanani ba zai inganta ba, duk da tsananin farfadowa, samun samun iska na wucin gadi yana iya buƙata. A cikin marasa lafiya da tsananin cututtuka yana da muhimmanci don ware pneumothorax (ruguwar rugu saboda hawan iska a cikin ɗakin ɓangaren sarari) ta hanyar ɗaukar rayukan X-ray. Ƙananan marasa lafiya tare da barazanar barazanar rayuwa suna buƙatar a bi da su a cikin kulawa mai kula da yara. Ana amfani da nau'ikan magunguna daban-daban don magance fuka. Bronchodilators suna ba da taimako ga bayyanar cututtuka ta hanyar kwantar da tsokoki mai sutsi, sashin jiki na numfashi; Corticosteroids hana hanawa, murkushe ƙonewa. A lokacin haɗari na tarin fuka, hadaddun haɗari suna faruwa a matakin salula. Wani muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaba da cutar ita ce ta wasu nau'o'in leukocytes - T-lymphocytes. Tsarkewa daga cikin wadannan kwayoyin halitta yana haifar da sakin sunadarai na musamman - cytokines, wanda ke kunna sauran kwayoyin, musamman eosinophils. Wannan injin shine babban hanyar hawan iska a cikin asibiti. Bugu da ƙari, kunna ƙwayoyin mast, wanda ya haifar da sakin sunadarai irin su histamine, wanda zai haifar da ƙonewa daga cikin sutura.
Rashin kwanciyar hankali na ƙwayar bronchi
Rashin ƙwayar tsokoki na sutura na suturar jiki yana sarrafawa ta hanyar masu karɓa akan membranes na tsoka tsoka; Mafi mahimmancin su shine (52-adrenergic and acetylcholine receptors) .Yawanci (daga cikin masu karɓa na haifar da suturar muscle, yayin da tasirin masu karɓar acetylcholine ke haifar da raguwa.) Drugs stimulating (32-receptors (p2-agonists) ko hana masu karɓar acetylcholine (maƙaryata na acetylcholine), suna da tasiri mai dadi akan jikin tsoka na fili na numfashi, saboda haka kawar da bayyanar cututtuka na fuka. Babban muhimmancin maganin tarin fuka mai ƙwayar fata yana da (32-agonists, misali, salbutamol.
Ƙinƙamar da tsarin ƙwayar cuta
Don magance matsalolin fuka na asthmatic, bai isa ba kawai don shakatawa da tsokoki na maski, tun lokacin da iska mai iska ta kasance ta rage saboda mummunan ƙwayar mucous. Corticosteroids yana shafar ƙwayoyin salula da yawa wadanda suke shiga cikin asibiti, wanda zai haifar da maye gurbin amsawar ƙwayar cuta. Wadannan kwayoyi sunyi amfani da rigakafi, kuma ba don dakatar da gangami ba, sakamakon yana tasowa a cikin 'yan sa'o'i kadan, sabili da haka dole ne a rika ɗauka a kai a kai, ba tare da la'akari da bayyanar cututtuka ba. Ba za a iya tabbatar da cewa rashin bin ka'idojin da ya dace ba zai iya hana ci gaba da fuka a cikin mutane da suka rigaya. Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa a rage alamar bayyanar cututtukan da aka rigaya ta ci gaba, idan muka ƙin rinjayar abubuwan da ke faruwa a muhalli.
Home turɓaya
Takaddun da suke zaune a cikin turɓaya a cikin gidan shine tabbas mafi mahimmanci game da bayyanar cututtuka a mafi yawan yara. A gaskiya, yana da wuyar gaske don rage yawan adadin ƙura, amma, iyalin asthmatic an bada shawara su cire kayan ado da kayan ado mai mahimmanci daga mazaunin, da kuma yin tsaftace tsafta a kowace rana.
Shan taba shan taba
A cikin hayaki na cigaba a babban taro yana dauke da sunadarai da ke cutar da respiratory tract. Nazarin kimiyya ya tabbatar da haɗin tsakanin iyaye 'shan taba da kuma ƙara yawan musacciyar jiki a cikin' ya'yansu.
Dabbobin da aka yarda
Wasu yara da ciwon sukari suna da matukar damuwa ga kayan aiki na kayan dabbobi, musamman garuruwa da karnuka. Duk da haka, kawar da maikin zai iya zama ma'auni mai raɗaɗi kuma zai buƙaci tattaunawa mai mahimmanci amma yaro tare da yaron.
Kayayyakin abinci
Akwai wasu nau'o'in abincin da zasu iya haifar da kai hari kan asma.