Asthma wata cuta ce mai kumburi na hanyoyi, wanda yana da wuyar samun iska zuwa cikin huhu kuma ya janye shi daga huhu. A lokacin hare-haren fuka, ƙwayoyin ƙwayar mararraki, akwai kumburi na hanyoyi, hanzarin iska yana taqaitaccen, kuma ana iya sauraron sauti a lokacin numfashi. Asthma yana nuna babban ƙwarewar ƙwayoyin cuta. Yawancin marasa lafiya na asali sun fuskanci lokaci na takaitacciyar numfashin jiki, canzawa tare da lokaci na asymptomatic. Harkokin ruwa na iya wucewa daga minti kadan zuwa kwanaki da dama, sun zama masu haɗari idan hawan iska cikin jiki yana ragewa sosai.
Sakamakon hare-haren tarin fuka a cikin yara:
- Inhalation of allergens (abubuwa da ke sa allergies): barbashi na wucin gadi Jawo daga wasan wasa, mites m, mold, pollen na shuke-shuke.
- Cutar cututtuka.
- Ayyukan jiki.
- Cold iska, hayaki taba, gurbatawar yanayi.
- Damuwa.
- Abincin (abincin abinci).
- Magunguna, irin su maganin anti-inflammatory da aspirin.
Mutane da yawa masu tarin fuka suna da tarihin rashin lafiya - su da kansu ko 'yan uwansu, misali hay zazzabi (rashin jin tsoro rhinitis), da eczema. Amma akwai fuka-fuka, wanda babu dangin da ke cikin fuka ko allergies.
Cutar cututtuka
- Hus zazzabi da numfashi
- Yana farawa ba zato ba tsammani, yawanci sau da yawa, bace ta kansa.
- Zai iya ƙaruwa da dare ko da sassafe, bayan aikin jiki ko kuma ƙarƙashin rinjayar sanyi.
- Ƙara inganta da amfani da masassarar ƙwayoyin cuta (kwayoyi da ke fadada hanyoyi).
- Ciki tare da phlegm (ƙuduri) ko ba tare da shi ba.
- Bayan motsa jiki, numfashi yana da wuya.
- Lokacin da numfashi, fata yana kusa tsakanin haƙarƙarin.
Kwayoyin cututtuka da ke buƙatar matakan gaggawa:
- Matsalar wahala a numfashi.
- Babban tsoro ya haifar da numfashi.
- Blue fuskar da lebe.
- Rikici mai yawa, gumi.
- Rashin rashawa da rikicewa a lokacin da aka kai hari kan asibiti.
Ayyukan jiki da wasanni na waje sun zama dole ga dukan yara, kuma yara na asthmatic ba banda bane, koda kuwa a cikin kashi 80 cikin dari na da wahala a gare su su shiga cikin wasanni. Amma kada ku damu da yaran da ke fama da ciwon sukari kuma ya hana shi yin aiki ta jiki, musamman tun lokacin da ake jin dadin amfani da tunani da zamantakewa na wasanni. Bayan damuwa, kowa yana jin gajiya kuma yana fama da rashin ƙarfi. Harshen asthma wanda bai taɓa yin wasanni ba zai sami gajiya fiye da yaro. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne a sanya shi cikin wasanni a hankali, don haka ya koyi ya bambanta numfashi na numfashi daga hare-hare na asibiti. Asthmatics iya yin aiki da kowane nau'i na wasanni (sai dai gajiyar ruwa), amma wasu sun dace da su.
Wasanni, wasan kwallon kafa da kuma basketball musamman sau da yawa sa spasms na bronchi. Ya bambanta, yin iyo a cikin ɗakin da ke ciki mai kyau (tare da dumi mai sanyi), gymnastics, golf, brisk tafiya da cycling ba tare da hawa kan dutse ya fi dacewa da asthmatics. Wasan wasanni da wasan kwallon kafa suna motsa jiki, amma suna buƙatar sabunta ƙoƙari, don haka ana ba da shawarar su tare da fasaha na gargajiya (judo, karate, taekwondo), wasan motsa jiki, da dai sauransu. Ba'a ba da shawarar yin nutsewa tare da ruwa mai rufi ba saboda akwai matsa lamba, A karkashin ruwa, baza a iya cire fuka a cikin lokaci ba. Yana da wuyar yin aikin motsa jiki da ake bukata don hawan hawan, idan numfashi yana da wuya. Wasanni na tsaunuka (tuddai, tsalle-tsalle mai tsayi, da dai sauransu) suna da matsala saboda rashin buƙatar numfasa sanyi da busassun iska, amma ana iya cire shi ta hanyar masks da kwalkwali.
Bambanci tsakanin mummunan hali, matsananciyar maƙarƙashiya. A cikin yara da matasa, akwai nau'i nau'i biyu na farko waɗanda samari suka canza tare da lokutan asymptomatic. Tare da irin ciwon fuka mai tsanani, cututtuka suna kusan kusan. Tilas za'a iya amfani da ƙwararra ta hanyar asali: rarrabe tsakanin fuka-fuka (samo) da asarar rashin lafiyar (80% na lokuta a cikin yara) da kuma asarar cututtuka, wanda ba a gano alamun rashin lafiyar. Wadannan bayyanar cututtuka kuma za a iya ƙaddamar da wasu:
- Tsaro na hanyoyi.
- Pain a cikin kirji.
- Sense na akwatin kirji.
- Rashin muryar numfashi na numfashi, jinkirta cikin wahayi.
- Cessation kwanan nan na numfashi.
- Ji daɗi na ƙutawa.
Sakamakon ganewar "asma" ya samo tushe, da farko, bisa ga hawan motsi na yaro da kuma kasancewar alamar da ke sama. Bugu da ƙari, yana da muhimmanci don gano halaye na kamala: siffar su, tsaka-tsaki tsakanin su, haifar da abubuwa, dangantaka da sauye-sauyen yanayi, ci gaba na ciwon cutar. Binciken cikakken bayani game da rubutun likitan yaron ya zama dole don ware wasu cututtuka na numfashi, wanda alamun sunyi kama da alamun fuka. Ana gudanar da kwakwalwa na aikin aiki domin tantance mataki na hanawar iska; saboda wannan dalili ne aka yi amfani da ma'aunin ƙwayar huhu (spirometry). Duk da haka, don irin wannan binciken, ana bukatar taimakon mai haƙuri, saboda haka ya dace ne kawai ga yara fiye da shekaru 6.
Jiyya na asma
Ƙungiya guda uku da ake amfani da su don maganin fuka-fuka:
- Rigakafin. Ta hanyar zartar da kullun duk dalilai masu tayar da hankali.
- Horarwa. Aikin horar da jariri da mahaifiyarsa shi ne babban dutse. Idan yaron yana shan wahala daga fuka-fuka mai kamala, dole ne a yi amfani da sauti a yayin binciken shi. Wannan ƙananan nauyin ƙwayar huhu da kuma numfashi na numfashi. m farfadowa. Yana da muhimmanci ma iyaye su fahimci abin da cutar take, san abubuwan da ke jawo hankulan su da kuma bayyanar cututtuka, san yadda za su yi amfani da magunguna, wasan motsa jiki da motsa jiki, da dai sauransu.
- Drug far. Ana iya sanin nau'o'in magunguna guda uku: suna tsoma baki tare da samar da abubuwa wanda ke haifar da rashin lafiyar abin da ya hana aikin wadannan abubuwa, kuma, a ƙarshe, taimakawa ƙumburi da hani na bronchi (alal misali, ƙwayoyin cortisone da bronchodilators). Yanzu mun san yadda mashayanci na asibiti a cikin yara, alamar cutar wannan cuta.