Duban dan tayi
A karo na farko an yi amfani da duban dan tayi a lokacin da aka fara maganin mace zuwa likita. A farkon matakan (5-6 makonni), babban burin binciken shi ne don tantance ko ciki ne ko ciki mai ciki. Lokaci na gaba, ana amfani da duban dan tayi na tsawon lokaci zuwa 10 zuwa 13. Idan mace ta gano cewa tana da ciki a wannan lokaci, to, binciken na biyu ya zama na farko a jere. Labari ne game da tantancewar duban dan tayi - binciken da zai iya gane haɗarin malformations a jariri. A wannan mataki, zaku iya gano cututtuka biyu na cututtukan chromosomal - ciwo na kasa da kuma ciwo Edwards. A cikin kwanaki 7 na gaba, daidai da wannan rana, don daidaito sakamakon, mai yiwuwa ne mai tsammanin ya kamata ya yi nazarin kwayoyin halittu, wanda ake kira "gwaji biyu". Don yin wannan, zaka buƙaci bada gudummawa daga jini daga jikin. Idan, bisa ga sakamakon wadannan binciken biyu, an gano mummunan lahani na yaron, likita zai bada shawara akan ganewar asiri (a lokacin wannan hanya, ruwa mai amniotic ko igihun jini ana dauka don nazarin ka'idar chromosome da kuma bayyana ganewar asali). Na biyu duban duban tallace-tallace ne don 20-22nd mako. Ana kuma taƙaita sakamakonta tare da sakamakon binciken kwayoyin halitta (wannan lokacin an kira shi "gwajin sau uku": yana ba da damar gano magungunan chromosomal na uku - nakasar neural tube), wanda aka yi na tsawon makonni 16 zuwa 21. Na karshe an tsara duban dan tayi a makon 32. Har ila yau, ana nufin ganewa yiwuwar aikata mugunta, wanda ba a iya gane shi ba saboda cewa jariri ya kasance ƙarami. A lokacin duban dan tayi, likitoci sun gwada wasu matakan da zasu dace da tsawon lokacin daukar ciki: girman girman mahaifa da jaririn, sautin na myometrium, matsakaicin maturation daga cikin mahaifa, adadin ruwan amniotic. Yi nazarin tsarin sassan jikin na jariri, matsayi na igiya.
Doppler
Wannan hanyar bincike na duban dan tayi yana sa ya yiwu a gano ko jaririn ya ciyar da kayan abinci mai gina jiki da kuma oxygen daga mahaifiyarsa. A lokacin jarrabawa, likitoci sun tantance siffofin jini a cikin ɗarjin uterine, da igiya da kuma tsakiya na tsakiya na yaro. Bayan an tantance shi, a wace irin jini yake gudana a cikin tasoshin, ana iya ƙayyadad da yadda sauri da kuma yawan abincin gina jiki da oxygen yazo ga jaririn kuma ko wadannan siffofin sun dace da lokacin ciki. Ana gudanar da binciken a cikin 2 matakai. Na farko, kowane likita yana nazarin kowane jigilar 3 ta amfani da na'ura ta lantarki. Lokacin da hoton ya bayyana akan allon, sai ya juya a kan firikwensin (Doppler), wanda ya dace da gudun jini, da matsa lamba da juriya na jirgin ruwa. Gano kwayar cutar jini zai nuna abin da matsalolin zasu faru a lokacin daukar ciki. Don haka, idan jaririn ba shi da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, ana iya haife shi da karamin nauyi. A cewar shaidar likita, alal misali, idan akwai rikitarwa a lokacin ciki na baya, za'a iya yin Doppler daga mako 13. A cikin kyakkyawar aiki kuma ba tare da kasa ba, an tsara wannan jarrabawa ga kowane mace mai ciki a cikin lokaci daga 22 zuwa 24 na mako. Idan likita ya bayyana hadarin jini, zai rubuta wani binciken na biyu.
Cardiotocography
Binciken ya kunshi kimantawa 2 sigogi - mita na zuciya da jaririn da sauti na sautin mai. Suna auna 2 na'urori masu auna sigina, waɗanda suke haɗe da mahaifiyar gaba a ciki. Na uku yana hannunta, latsa maballin duk lokacin da baby ya motsa. Dalilin hanyar: don nazarin canji a cikin zuciya na yaron a amsa ga ƙungiyoyin jikinsa. Makasudin shine gano idan akwai isasshen oxygen da aka ba wa yaro. Yaya wannan hanyar ke aiki? Idan muka motsa (muna tafiya, muna yin gymnastics), muna da zuciya mai sauri. An kira wannan abu mai kwakwalwa na zuciya, an kafa shi ta hanyar makon 30 na ciki. Idan ba mu da isasshen isashshen oxygen, zuciya zai kara, kuma adadin ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwa a minti daya zai wuce ta al'ada. Hakanan canje-canjen za'a iya ganowa ga jariri. Amma a yanayin idan har yanzu bai samu oxygen ba, jikinsa zaiyi bambanci. Ta hanyar ceton ƙarfin, jaririn zai motsa ƙasa, kuma a mayar da martani ga motsi, bugunsa zai ragu. Duk da haka, a cikin waɗannan lokuta, ganewar asali shine daya: hypoxia fetal (rashin oxygen), sai dai digiri daban-daban. A matsayinka na mulkin, a lokacin daukar ciki, na biyu na firikwensin, yin la'akari da sautin mahaifa, ba a yi amfani dashi ba. Amma a lokacin aikawa, ya ba likita muhimmiyar bayani, ya nuna sau da yawa yakin ya faru, menene ƙarfinsu da tsawon lokaci. Idan suna da rauni, zaka iya buƙatar gabatar da kwayoyi don inganta su. A layi daya, kallon canje-canje a cikin zuciyar zuciya, likitoci zasu iya lura da kuma hana wasu matsaloli a lokaci. Don haka, idan sun lura cewa yarinyar ba shi da isasshen isasshen oxygen, watakila ba zai iya tsayayya da haihuwa ba, to sai ya yi wani ɓangaren maganin. KTG dole ne a wuce akalla sau ɗaya, a mako 34. Duk da haka, yawancin ungozoma suna ba da shawara ga dukan mata su gudanar da wannan binciken kowane kwanaki 10 zuwa 14 daga makon 30, da zarar jaririn ya taso da kwakwalwar zuciya. A baya an jariri jaririn tare da hypoxia, karin lokaci zai kasance don magani. A wasu cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, za ka iya hayar na'urar ktg kuma gudanar da binciken a gida, aikawa ta hanyar bidiyo zuwa likita wanda zai saka idanu a yanayin.