Yakin lemons: bayanin.
Yawancin lokaci gidan lemun tsami na gida itace kananan bishiyoyi masu launin kore mai duhu wanda zai iya cika ɗakin da kamshin mafarki, ya yi fure da furanni, don Allah tare da kyawawan maki, a lokacin da aka cika da hasken 'ya'yan itatuwa, yana kawo farin ciki da lafiya ga masu mallakar.
A Rasha, an kiyaye tarihin bayyanar wannan shuka. Abin ban mamaki, ana iya samun itatuwan citrus na farko a cikin gidajen talakawa. Fiye da karni daya da suka wuce, wani mai aiki na kayan aiki ya kawo kwalluna guda biyu a Pavlovo (Oka) daga Turkiya, inda bishiyoyin lemon suke. Kuma tun lokacin wannan lemons suna girma a gida da kuma kowane yawon shakatawa da ke zuwa birnin Pavlovo za su ga a windows of ginin gida da kuma citrus 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Ƙasar ƙasar Citrus: yankunan subtropical da na wurare masu zafi, kudu maso gabashin Asia. Sabili da haka, don kyakkyawan girma, flowering da gaban 'ya'yan itatuwa, shuka yana buƙatar haske, danshi da isasshen zafi.
Daga shuke-shuke citrus, lemun tsami ya sami karbuwa sosai kuma ana amfani dashi ba kawai a cikin tukwane ba, har ma a cikin samar da masana'antu.
Itacen 'ya'yan lemun tsami ne, ba sama ba, a yawancin iri dake da rassan rassan rassan. Furen lemun tsami ya ci gaba a cikin lokacin rani, blooming tare da furanni m. A kan rassan biyu cikakke 'ya'yan itatuwa da' ya'yan itatuwa kore suna iya zama lokaci daya. Idan ka bar 'ya'yan itace cikakke akan bishiyar, zai juya kore, kuma zai juya rawaya a sabuwar kakar.
Shuka tsaba da ake buƙatar sabo, wato, kawai an cire shi daga lemun tsami. Bayan wata dayawa harbe fara fara. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 3, an shuka shuka tare da ƙaddarawa, tare da haushi mai raɗaɗi, wannan lokacin yana faruwa a watan Mayu ko Agusta. Idan shuka ya fi shekara uku, to an dasa shi da cuttings tare da gaban kodan biyu. A wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire zai fara bada 'ya'ya bayan shekaru 3. Dole ne a cire alamar farko. Don shekaru 4 zaka iya bar itace 4 ovaries. Kowace lokacin nauyin 'ya'yan itatuwa yana ƙaruwa, kuma a kan itace mai girma zasu iya zama da dama dozin.
Dukkan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu girma a cikin yanayin ɗakunan suna da tsinkayen lokaci a rayuwarsu. Domin shekara guda, furanni, saboda haka ne a ajiye wasu 'ya'yan itace a wasu lokuta har zuwa sau 3. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar girma na shuka yana faruwa a cikin raƙuman ruwa, yayin da sababbin furanni suke girma akan rassan.
Tare da taimakon wani tsutsa za ka iya hanzarta farkon tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Kowace lokacin da matashi mai fita ya bar ganye 3-5, kawai an cire saman bishiyar. Saboda haka itatuwan lemun tsami sunyi kama da kyan gani. Ganye yana da girma sau 2 kuma a cikin bishiya abubuwan da ke buƙata don karin furanni da tsire-tsire kuma suna ci gaba. A wannan yanayin, itatuwan lemun tsami sun fara samuwa don shekara ta farko, ba su da zubar da ganye kuma basu da lafiya.
Kwayar citrus zai iya rayuwa game da shekaru 3. An lura cewa yawan amfanin ƙasa ya dogara da adana leaf cover.
Don ci gaba da tsari na flowering, yana yiwuwa kuma ta wata hanya: idan itacen lemon ya girma daga cuttings, ba a canza shi ba, amma an canja shi har zuwa shekaru biyu.
Ana shuka shinge kawai ne kawai lokacin da tushen tsarin yana dauke da akwati kuma ya bar ramukan magudi.
Dokokin lemun tsami.
Yanayi. Lemon - tsire-tsire waɗanda ba sa son zane-zane kuma sun fi son rana ta warwatse. Don rayuwar mafi kyau ta shuka an sanya ta a kan tsayawar, kusa da taga. A lokacin rani, ana iya sa itace a kan titi. A cikin hunturu, ana sanya shuka a cikin ɗakin da aka yi da mai kwakwalwa tare da zafin jiki har zuwa 8 o C.
Buds suna ci gaba da digiri 15-17, idan yawan zafin jiki ya fi girma, wannan zai shafi rinjayar. Amma a lokacin ci gaba da kwasfan, yawan zafin jiki zai zama digiri biyu. A lokacin hunturu-kaka ana bada shawara don samar da injin tare da ƙarin hasken lantarki, saboda haka tsawan haske rana don akalla 4 hours.
Watering. Watering yana da matsakaici kuma an yi shi a matsayin madarar da ta narke tare da ruwa mai laushi. Da safe da maraice ya wajaba don yaduwa da ganye, saboda tsire-tsire ba zai yarda da iska mai bushe ba, kuma ya fara fure furanni da ganye. Idan an ajiye shuka a 20 ° C ko fiye, ana ba da shawara don ƙara yawan iska, saboda wannan ya isa ya sanya akwati da aka cika da ruwa kusa da shuka.
Kula. A lokacin rani, an dasa shuka a kwanaki 10 sau ɗaya, a cikin hunturu a kwanaki 30 da zarar.
Yana da kyau don amfani da 0.5% bayani na potassium nitrate da kuma cakuda superphosphate bayani tare da Bugu da kari na slurry. A cikin taki a cikin nau'i na juyawa (a madadin kashi 1 na taki, domin sassa goma na ruwa), injin yana bukatar musamman a watan Mayu.
Kambi na itace yana bukatar tsari. Don yin wannan, an shuka matasa a watan Febrairu tare da tip, amma ya bar ganye 5-6, wanda daga bisani ya samar da harbe na farko, wanda akwai bishiyoyi 3-4 wanda aka kwatanta. Don haka samar da reshe na biyu-tsari. Bayan an samu rassan rassan rassan bishiyoyi an dauke su. Har sai an kafa daji, ba a yarda da flowering, domin da zarar buds suka bayyana, ci gaban vegetative ya tsaya.
Yarda da lemun tsami tare da goga ko yatsa swab, wanda ake amfani da pollen daga samfurori na wasu furanni zuwa launi na sauran launi.
Canji. A cikin rayuwarsu duka, waɗannan itatuwan gida suna iya girma a cikin tukwane guda biyu. Na farko, an dasa lemun tsami a cikin tukunya na farko na 20-25, amma da zarar ya girma ƙananan shuka an canja shi zuwa tukunyar 40-45 cm.
Abin da ke tattare da cakuda mai gina jiki: humus, turf da ganye ƙasa, yashi, an dauki kome a daidai da sassa. A tukunya dole ne a sanye take da malalewa.
Raba ta hanyar cuttings, grafting da lapping.
Daga matasa ripened harbe (0.5 cm a cikin kauri) cuttings an yanka a farkon Yuli. Cuttings ya kamata ya kasance tare da kodan kododin 4 da kuma tsawon tsawon centimetimita. Ƙananan yanke ta haka ta hanyar kumburi, kuma babba a sama da koda yana da mm 3. An cire ƙananan ganyayyaki, kuma an dasa stalk a cikin m kogin yashi (kafin wankewa) kuma an rufe shi da polyethylene.
Cututtuka. Ruwan iska mai zurfi, zanewa, ɗaukar kayan shuka daga wurin zuwa wuri, shan ruwa mai zurfi da bushewa na duniya a cikin hunturu - duk wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa injin ya fara watsar da ganye.