A cikin iyali na cacti zaka iya samun irin wannan nau'i kamar Epiphyllum. An gano shi a 1812, domin sunansa kalmar Helenanci an yi amfani dashi, wanda a cikin fassarar ma'anar "a" ko "sama" da "leaf", kuma Adrian Havort yayi shi. Ta haka ne, an jaddada cewa a kan ganyen wannan shuka akwai wasu furanni masu ban sha'awa. Ko da yake shi ne, a gaskiya, ba furanni, amma mai tushe da suka canza.
A cikin jinsin epiphyllums, za ka iya kimanin kimanin nau'in nau'in jinsin iri 20 da suka yada a ko'ina cikin Amurka, daga Mexico zuwa ga tropics. Su ne mafi yawancin tsaka-tsire-tsire-tsire, waɗanda suke da tushe mai laushi da kuma nama, wanda yana da siffar ganye; gefe a takarda tare da ƙira. A cikin ragi na shoot yana nuna karamin ƙananan - wannan ita ce layin gaba. Furen wannan shuka suna babba, suna da siffar mai rami, tare da mai ɗorewa mai tsayi; ƙanshi na furanni yana da karfi.
Epiphyllum yana da nau'in nau'i-nau'i a cikin launi: daga fararen farin da cream, zuwa ruwan hoda da kuma inuwa; amma ba su da furanni masu furanni. Furen wannan shuka suna da kyau saboda sun kira shi orchid a tsakanin cacti.
Lokacin da yake girma a gida, koda lokacin da aka yi magudi a cikin wucin gadi, shuka zai iya samun 'ya'yan itatuwa masu yawa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da launin shunayya ko launin rawaya, yana dogara da furen kanta; sau da yawa 'ya'yan itacen an rufe shi da spines. Jiki yana tare da dandano mai dadi kuma mai karfi, amma dandano yana da ɗan kama da cakuda abarba da strawberries.
Akwai kimanin ɗari biyu hybrids na epiphyllums, ana kuskuren suna kira phylocactuses. Irin wannan cacti suna da kyau don ado kamar ampel abun da ke ciki.
Kula da shuka
Haskewa. Bishiyoyin bishiyoyin daji da ke cikin gida suna da haske da haskakawa, ko da yake penumbra a gare su ba ƙariya ba ce. Amma tare da rashin haske, girma zai iya ragewa ko mai tushe zai iya juya launin rawaya. Suna girma sosai a yankunan yammacin da gabas, yayin da a arewa maso yammacin ba zai iya karfi ba, kuma a kudanci a cikin inuwa mai duhu. A lokacin rani, yana da kyau don gabatar da epiphyllum zuwa iska mai tsabta, wurin da akwai hasken haske, amma babu hasken rana.
Temperatuur tsarin mulki. Idan muna magana game da zafin jiki, to, daga bazara zuwa ƙarshen rani sun fi son zafin jiki na + 20-25C. Kuma ga sauran lokacin, zafin jiki mafi kyawun saukarwa zuwa + 10-15 ° C.
Watering. Tsire-tsire na epiphyllum ana kiransu cacti na gandun daji, don haka suna bukatar yawan watering; Yana da Dole a ci gaba da ƙasa ko da yaushe moderately m, i.e. ruwa, da zarar saman saman ƙasa ya bushe. Yana da kyawawa don amfani da ruwa mai laushi da dumi. A lokacin hunturu-kaka, an rage ruwan sha, kadan, lokacin da ba wai kawai saman saman ya bushe ba, amma duk duniya. Idan hunturu ya yi sanyi sosai, to, tsire-tsire ba ruwa ba ne. A farkon bazara, an sake sabunta ruwa zuwa matsakaici, kuma lokacin da aka riga an shayar da toho.
Humidity na iska. Bukatun musamman don iska mai zafi, injin ba ya nuna, amma ya fi son zafi. Kuma a lokacin rani, a lokacin zafi, zai zama da kyau a fesa wadannan tsire-tsire da ruwa.
Top dressing. A lokacin bazara da kuma lokacin rani, dole a kara taki a cikin tukunya tare da epiphyllum, an yi wannan sau biyu a wata; dace da ƙwayar cactus na al'ada. Lokacin da buds ya bayyana, zaka iya ƙara Mullein ta haɗuwa da ruwa a cikin wani rabo na 1: 4, bi da bi. Lokacin da flowering har zuwa karshen Agusta, ana iya ciyar da mullein kowane mako 2. Idan ana so, mullein za a iya maye gurbin wani lokaci tare da nitrogen.
Flowering. A ƙarshen hunturu, tsire-tsire zata fara girma, buds zasu fara farawa. A wannan lokacin, ba'a so a sake tsara shuka zuwa wani wuri, in ba haka ba zai iya jefa su.
Tsarin epiphyllum yana farawa a cikin bazara, kusa da Afrilu. Kowane flower a kan shuka yana kwana biyar. A wannan lokacin, injin yana buƙatar watering, watering, ba a hana shi ba. Idan yanayi bai da kyau, to, shuka zai iya sake farawa a kaka.
Fure a kan shoot an kafa sau ɗaya, sabili da haka, a cikin 'yan shekaru duk old harbe dole ne a cire, tun da ba za a yi furanni a kansu. Bugu da ƙari, shuka a wasu lokuta yana da tsintsiya na harbe, suna da kyau a cire su, saboda gaskiyar cewa su, ma, kusan ba su yi fure ba.
Canji. Idan akwai wajibi ne don dashi shuka, to yana da kyawawa don yin hakan bayan flowering. A kowace shekara, wannan ba wajibi ne ba, saboda yanayin da ke cikin tukunya yana motsa furancin epiphyllum. Ƙarfin damar dacewa da fadi da fadi, saboda tushen tsarin ba kusan cigaba ba. Don ƙasa ta yi amfani da cakuda ganye da turf ƙasa, ƙara yashi da gawayi, wanda kafin ta crushed. Ganye na duniya yana buƙatar sassa hudu, sauran sinadaran a cikin wani yanki. Kodayake yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da maɓallin shirye daga shagon, wanda ya dace da cacti; yana da kyawawa cewa cakuda ba a cikin mafi yawan peat ba. Yawancin ƙasa bai kamata ya zama karfi ba, kuma lemun tsami ya kasance bace. Kafin dasawa, ba za a shayar da shuka na kwana biyu ba, to, a lokacin da ake dasawa ƙasa daga asalinsu zai fada da kyau. Bayan an dasa shi, an dasa shuka a cikin inuwa kuma a shayar da shi tare da hankali.
Sake bugun. Epiphyllum - tsire-tsire, wanda za'a iya haifar da shi a hanyoyi da dama - ta hanyar tsaba da cuttings (an yi wannan a cikin marigayi marigayi), yana yiwuwa a raba tsoffin samfurori a lokacin dasawa.
Idan kun shuka tsaba na epiphyllum, to, a wancan yanayin karamin cacti tare da stalks da yawa spines za su zo a surface. A tsawon lokaci, mai tushe zai yi girma, ƙayayuwa za su fadi kuma mai tushe zai zama leafy. A yawan zafin jiki dace da iri germination ne + 20-25C. Idan yanayin girma yana da dadi a gare su, to, matasa zasu ba furanni don na huɗu - na biyar shekara.
Idan kana so ka yaduwa da cuttings, to, daga tafasa mai laushi, a yanka da tsayi 12 cm tsawo, kuma tushe ya kamata a sanya shi a cikin siffar triangle, sa'an nan kuma a bushe shi a cikin tukunya. Dole ne a bushe shi ta hanyar haka: an sanya stalk a cikin akwati a cikin akwati na kwanaki da dama, don ɗora ruwan 'ya'yan itace, bayan haka ana iya shuka shi. An shirya cakuda ƙasa daga labaran bishiyoyi da turf, kashi biyu da biyu sassan da tare da ƙarin nauyin 0.25 na yashi. A kan saman cakuda shi wajibi ne don yayyafa wanke yashi. Cuttings yanke zuwa zurfin 1 cm da kuma sanya a cikin inuwa. A cikin kwana guda ba za a iya shayarwa ba. Bayan cuttings suna da asalinsu, dole ne a dasa su a kananan tukwane.
Matsalolin da suka yiwu
- Idan kasar gona ta dashi a cikin tukunya, tushen zai fara farawa, musamman ma idan tsire-tsire ke sawa a yanayin sanyi.
- Idan an shuka shuka a cikin sararin sama, slugs zai iya bayyana.
- Har ila yau, shuka zai iya shawo kan kamuwa da cuta, misali, fusarium. Daga wannan a kan shuka ya bayyana nau'in zobe, zane-zane da aka gano, wanda ya karu a girman.
- Za a iya kai hari ta gizo-gizo gizo-gizo mite, aphids, scabbard ko mealybug.