A cikin 1802, an kwatanta jigon halittar, kuma aka ba da sunan A. Gusman - dan asalin Mutanen Espanya. Gusmania wani tsire-tsire ne na thermophilic, yawancin zazzabi na furanni shine 25 ° C. Suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na ruwa, suna girma da bishiyoyi a cikin bishiyoyi da ƙasa a matsayin tsire-tsire.
Ƙananan suna da nau'in rassan mai siffa, wanda duka biyu a tsawo da diamita zasu iya isa zuwa centimetimita 50. Bar shi duka, za'a iya rarraba shi, kuma zai iya zama haske mai haske, amma zuwa lokacin flowering yana bambanta daga ɗayan, wanda yake bayyana a tsakiyar cikin leaf. A wasu nau'i na guzmania, an kafa furucin a cikin jigon kwalliya mai tsawo. Tsire-tsire ba zai fara tsawon shekaru 2 ba, tsawon lokacin yana wuce fiye da watanni 3, to, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu.
Kula da Guzzman.
Tsarin gusmania na cikin gida basu da kyau, saboda haka zasu iya girma a wuri mai duhu da wuri mai haske. Guzmania yana son rarraba hasken, hasken rana kai tsaye, musamman a tsakar rana ba ya son, don haka ya kamata ya zama pritenyat (don shading za ku iya amfani da masana'anta ko littafi mai sassauci). Ya fi dacewa don girma gusmania a gabas ko yamma taga. A gefen arewacin, injin yana girma sosai, amma ba zai yi girma ba.
A lokacin rani, ana iya fitar da injin a cikin titi, amma kulawa ya kamata a dauka don haka ba a bayyana shuka a hasken rana, zane-zane, haɗuwa ba. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, dakin dole ne a kwashe shi akai-akai. A lokacin hunturu da hunturu, shuka yana bukatar haske mai kyau, shading a wannan lokaci ya kamata a cire. Don žarin haske, zaka iya amfani da hasken fitilu da aka sanya a nesa na 50-60 cm sama da shuka (ana buƙatar tsawon haske na takwas a kowace rana don rayuwa ta al'ada). A lokacin hunturu da hunturu, dakin da gusmania ke tsiro ya kamata a yi ventilated, amma bai kamata a zayyana ba.
A lokacin bazara da lokacin rani, inji ya kamata yayi girma a cikin daki da yawan zafin jiki na matsakaici har zuwa 25 ga watan (amma ba kasa da 20 na С) ba. A lokacin hunturu, za'a iya sanya Gusmania a cikin ɗaki mai dadi a matsakaicin zafi na 18 na С (tabbatar cewa yawan zafin jiki ba ya fada a kasa 12 na С).
A lokacin girma kakar, injin yana bukatar yawan watering kamar yadda substrate ta kafe. Zai zama mai kyau don zuba ruwa a cikin ɗakunan ajiyar kayan aiki, zai fi dacewa da safe. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, ya kamata a canza ruwa. Bayan flowering, kazalika da kafin hutawa, ruwan daga tashar tashar.
A cikin hunturu, watering ya zama matsakaici. A wannan lokacin, baka buƙatar zuba ruwa a cikin rami, kawai zubar da shuka. Ruwa ba ya zuba a cikin soket kuma bayan da tsire ya ɓace, in ba haka ba shuka zai fara farawa!
Idan guzmanya ke tsiro akan bishiyar bromeliad, to, akalla sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki goma ana cire wannan shuka daga goyon baya kuma a nutse a cikin ruwa. Bayan saturation, janye ruwa mai yawa kuma komawa wurin. Ruwa don ban ruwa ya kamata ya kasance mai laushi kuma ya zauna, ruwan zafi zai zama 2-3 o C sama dakin zafin jiki.
Idan zafin jiki a cikin dakin ya wuce digiri 20 a cikin hunturu, ya kamata a wani lokaci ka zuba karamin ruwa mai cikin ruwa.
Guzmania - shuke-shuke da ke son babban zafi, don haka yanayin yanayin da zai bunkasa zai kasance mai tsami ne ko terrarium. Kayan shuka yana buƙatar bugun jini sau da yawa (sau da yawa a rana). Idan ruwan zafi bai isa ba, to, zaka iya sanya shuka a kan pallet tare da pebbles, moss rigar, fadada lãka. Ƙasa na tukunya bai kamata a cikin ruwa ba. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, ya kamata a shafe ganye tare da zane mai tsabta don wanke su daga turɓaya. Musamman na ƙwayar zuma, wanda ya ba da haske ganyayyaki ba kyawawan amfani ba.
Dole ne a yi karin waƙa daga May zuwa Agusta. Hawan tsawa yana yin sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 30. Ana amfani da taki da ruwa don ban ruwa kuma a zuba shi cikin soket.
Don takin gargajiya, ya kamata ka saya taki na musamman don bromeliads. Zaka iya amfani da taki ga talakawa na gida, amma kuna buƙatar ɗaukar shi sau 4 kasa da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Yawan nitrogen a cikin taki ya kamata ya zama ƙasa, tun da yake wani abu mai yawa yana haifar da mutuwar Guzmania.
Idan ya cancanta, an shuka shuka, amma ba sau da yawa fiye da sau ɗaya a kowace shekara zuwa uku ba. Ƙungiyar shuka ba ta shuɗe a lokacin dasawa, saboda wannan shuka zai iya mutuwa.
Mail don girma guzmania ya kamata porous, tukunya dole ne a sanye take da kyau malalewa (1/3 tukunya, ba kasa).
Don burbushin halittu na guzmania, dole ne a kunshi sashe 3 na murmushi mai haushi, kashi 1 na yankakken sphagnum, kashi 1 na ɓacin dutse, 1 ɓangaren ƙasa, 1/2 ɓangare na ƙasa humus (zaka iya ɗaukar busassun mullein), tare da ƙanshin gaura da perlite.
Ga nau'in halitta na Guzzmania, kasar gona ya kunshi sassa 2 na ƙasa, 1 part humus, 1 part peat, 0.5 sashi yashi, tare da Bugu da ƙari na sphagnum, ƙasa sod, haushi na coniferous itatuwa, gawayi. Don dasa shuki, manyan raguna sun fi abin da kwantena mai zurfi.
Sake bugun.
Wadannan lambuna suna ninka ta zuriya, sau da yawa ta tsaba.
Ana shuka tsaba a peat tare da yashi ko a yankakken sphagnum. Tsaba kafin shuka ya kamata a wanke a cikin wani rauni bayani na potassium permanganate, to, dried. Tsaba suna cigaba ne kawai a cikin haske, don haka ba a rufe su a cikin ƙasa ba. A wannan lokaci, yawan zazzabi ya zama 22-24 digiri. Bugu da ƙari, buɗaɗɗen launi da samun iska yana da mahimmanci. Tsire-tsire suna bayyana bayan kwanaki 10-20, kuma bayan watanni 2 na watanni harbe ya nutse a cikin wani cakuda wanda ya kunshi kashi 1 na filin sod, 2 sassa na ƙasa, 4 sassa na peat. Kuma kawai bayan rabin shekara da karfi seedlings ana shuka su ne. Don shekaru 3-4, ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire suna fara fure.
Zuriyar guasman shuka haifa mafi sauki. A karshen flowering, injin ya mutu, amma a cikin layi daya tare da wannan, buds na sabuntawa fara tada a tushe, wanda aka ba da 'ya'ya da yawa, wanda bayan watanni biyu ya zama tushen raunana kuma uku zuwa hudu ganye. A cikin tukwane a gaba, kana buƙatar zuba sphagnum, ko wani ɓangare na sassa 3 na ƙasa, 1 ɓangare na hausin Pine da kashi 1 na yashi.
Ana sanya akwati a cikin daki da zazzabi na 26 kuma an rufe shi da murfin polyethylene ko gilashi. Bayan tsire-tsire sun sami karfi da kuma samo asali, suna bukatar su saba da yanayin kula da samfurori na asibiti.
An lalace: mealy baƙi, garkuwa.