Su waye ne suka fito kuma daga ina suka fito?
Bugu da ƙari, ayyukan kula da tsaro na ƙasa sun gano sababbin kwari na shuke-shuke a ƙasashensu. Wasu '' mazauna '' suna gudanar da magance matsalolin yankunan da ke kan iyakokin kansu (tsibirin Colorado ya fito mana daga Poland a shekarar 1949, wani malamin fari na Amurka ya wuce iyakar Soviet-Hungary a shekarar 1952). Babban ɓangare na "baƙi" an shiga ba tare da haɗari ba tare da wasu kayan da aka shigo da su, a kan wasu motocin. Wannan shi ne daidai a cikin 70s na karshe karni a greenfly ya zo mana, kuma mafi kwanan nan Western flower thrips.
Wani lokaci bayyanar "impostors" ba shi da tsammanin ga masu furanni. A irin waɗannan lokuta, halakar kwari ko aƙalla ƙaddamar da ƙwararrun firamare ya zama aiki mai wuyar gaske. Za'a iya yin annabci game da yiwuwar skidding wasu nau'in. Kuma a wasu lokuta - don hana su rarraba rarraba, alal misali, thrips.
Thrips ne ƙananan kwari tare da tsawon 0, 5-5 mm. A lokacin rani, ana iya ganin su a kullum a kan ƙananan ƙwayoyi na dandelion, chicory, a kan albasa albasa da gladiolus. Hanyoyin tafiye-tafiye a ko'ina sun sami sunaye na hatsarin kwari masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Yin amfani da kayan tsirrai daga tsirrai na shuka, sun ragu da girma daga tushe, ganye, hana bude buds, furen furanni, rage kayan ado na shuke-shuke. Wadannan kwari suna sau da yawa masu ɗaukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Ba duk masu furanni ba sun yi amfani da hanyar nazarin halittu don magance kwanan nan da suka fito da kuma haɗari da yawa daga California. Kuma lokaci ya yi da za a shirya don kayar da hare-haren sabon nau'in - Thrips palmi thrips da Amurka echinotrypsis. Na farko, kwarai na kochids, ya fito ne daga Kudu maso gabashin Asia, na biyu - daga Arewacin Amirka.
Thrips Amirka ya bayyana a Turai a cikin 90 ta. "Ƙofar waje" don sababbin ƙwayoyi ne Netherlands tare da kyawawan fure-fuka masu daraja, waɗanda ke kawo tsirrai daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, thrips suna canjawa wuri don yanke furanni, kayan dasa kayan, tsire-tsire mai kyau konamental. Ita ce karshen - abincin da aka fi so a gare shi. Yammacin fure-fure na yamma yana cike da furanni, kuma yawancin jama'ar Amurka na rushe ganyayyaki, a cikin abin da mata ke sa qwai.
A 20 ° C, wani ƙarni na thrips tasowa cikin wata daya da rabi, kuma a 30 ° cikin makonni biyu. Mace yana da kimanin qwai 80. A cikin hothouse da yanayi dakin, thrips ya karu da shekara. Duk matakai na cigaban thrips tafi kawai a kan tsire-tsire. A kan ganye za ka iya saduwa da ƙwai, larvae na shekaru biyu da manya a lokaci guda.
Saboda haka, yawancin zuriya da yawa da aka kawo tare da shuka, har shekara guda idan ba ya kashe ba, to, har ma babban shuka zai kasance mai zurfi sosai. Da farko, aikin su yana haifar da bayyanar launin rawaya. Amma riga goma kwari a kan takarda sun isa ya sa ya fara fade. A rage cin abinci na mutane 30-40 babu shakka zai haifar da shrinkage da leaffall, wanda ya fara tare da ƙananan tiers. Kuma ko da yake thrips da wuya take haifar da shuka zuwa mutuwa, amma ya rage muhimmanci ya decorativeness. Thrips ya shafe fiye da 100 nau'in shuka. Har ila yau, thrips ya kai farmaki ga albarkatun gona: tsirrai, kokwamba, tumatir, barkono.
Masu shuka furanni suna iya noman shuke-shuke da suka fi kama wasu. Wadannan su ne wakilan magoya baya (spathilih, syngonium, diffenbachia, anthurium, philodendron) da balsamic. Bugu da ƙari, "baƙo" yana da mummunan lalacewar acalifu, bishiyar asparagus, bamboo, codaium, kordilinu, chrysanthemums, dracenes, molochae, ficus, ivy hibiscus, passionflower, pepe-romium, rhododendrons, da ragwort.
Yadda za a magance thrips?
Yadda za a magance wannan masifar, idan yana kan tsire-tsire? Alal, mun gane cewa akwai wasu hanyoyi masu mahimmanci don magance thrips. Ana ba da kariya ga kariya daga kudancin echinotrypsa Amurka a gaba ɗaya ba tare da kyau ba. Yin amfani da sunadarai ba komai ba ne. Wannan shi ne saboda duka irin salon da aka yi na yau da kullum, da kuma tsayin daka da yawancin kwari.
A Turai, shugabannin da ke samar da kayayyakin kare rayukan halittu a matsayin mai kula da abin da ke cikin ƙwayoyin cuta suna bayar da shawarar tsarin hanyar sarrafawa. Masu amfani da furanni suna amfani da magungunta na ainihin: fashewar furen na Franklinothrips vespiformis da gadoje na Orius. Duk waɗannan da sauransu za a riga an saya su a shagunan kayan ado na kasashen yammacin Turai da manyan garuruwan Rasha.
Kamar yadda kullun, matakan tsaro suna da tasiri. A bayyane yake cewa kwai ƙwayoyin microscopic da aka kafa ta hanyar kwaro a cikin kwayar shuka shine kusan yiwuwar ganowa. Ya rage kawai don lura da sababbin sayen kayayyaki kuma ya rabu da samfurori tare da bayyana alamar cutar lalacewa. Kuma manyan kamfanonin Rasha da ke samar da kyawawan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire zuwa kasuwar gida dole su tabbata cewa gonar abokin tarayya ba ta kamu da wannan cutar ba.
Hanyar hanyar ilimin halitta don yakin basira yana da kyakkyawan makomar. Bayan haka, wannan hanya ce ta al'ada wadda ba ta cutar da ilimin halitta.