Nau'in PC
PC yana rinjayar yawancin matasa har zuwa shekaru 30. Mata suna yawan rashin lafiya. Akwai manyan nau'o'in hudu:
• Kwamfuta na PC-jihar mai saukewa yana ɗaukar nauyin wani mummunar rikici na aikin mai juyayi tare da remission; game da kashi uku na marasa lafiya;
• Na biyu na cigaba da PC - marasa lafiya na cigaba da ɓarkewar rashin tausayi na yau da kullum wanda ke da lalacewa; a cikin mafi yawan marasa lafiya, PC ɗin sake dawowa cikin wannan tsari;
• PC mai ci gaba da ci gaba tare da cigaba da cigaba da cigaban cututtuka marasa lafiya ba tare da yunkuri ba; game da kashi 15 cikin dari na marasa lafiya;
• Sashin PC - ƙaddamarwa ta farko na digiri mai kyau tare da kusan duka dawowa ba tare da ci gaba ba; shi ne musamman rare.
Kwayoyin cuta na PC na iya bambanta dangane da irin nau'in ƙwayar cutar da aka kamu.
• Tsaro mai kama
A yayin da aka kafa fayilolin PC a kan jijiyar jiki, wanda ke dauke da kwari daga kwakwalwa zuwa kwakwalwa, mai haɓaka yana tasowa a cikin ido tare da hangen nesa. Ajiyewa, idan yana yiwu, har zuwa watanni takwas.
• Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa Ƙaddamar da ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa, wanda ke da alhakin ido a ido, fahimtar gashin fuska, maganganu, haɗiye da kuma daidaitawa, zai iya haifar da hangen nesa biyu ko rushewar ƙungiyarsu.
• Ƙwararren launi Kashewa na kwarara na motsa jiki ta jiki a matakin ƙananan baya yana tare da rauni da rage yawan hankali a cikin sassan jiki, da rashin ciwon mafitsara da kuma hanji.
Ci gaba
Tare da ci gaba na ci gaba na gaba-gaba na cutar, ana ci gaba da damuwa da yawa:
• asarar lalacewar hannayensu;
• rauni da rigidity na ƙananan ƙaran;
• ƙara yawan urination da urinary incontinence;
• Rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ƙaddamarwa: waɗannan damuwa da yawa sukan zama babban alamar bayyanar wani lokaci;
• saurin yanayi; kodayake yana da dangantaka da PC euphoria, damuwa har yanzu mawuyacin hali ne.
A farkon matakan PC, mummunan ƙumburi ya bayyana a cikin kwakwalwa, wanda kuma ya warkar da samuwar scars (plaques). Yawanci sau da yawa ana ajiye waɗannan alamun a cikin wurare masu rai-da-rai (yankunan da ke kewaye da ventricles masu cika jiki da kwakwalwar kwakwalwa), a cikin kashin baya da na jijiyoyi. A wa annan wurare, shafar ƙwallon ƙwalƙwalwar jini (iyakar sifa tsakanin jini da kwakwalwar nama) ya lalace, wanda ya ba da damar wasu kwayoyi su tuntubi ganuwar jini sannan su shiga ciki.
Rushewar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙaho
Matsayi na musamman a ci gaba da cutar ita ce ta ƙungiyar lymphocytes da ke amsawa ga ɗaya ko fiye da tsoffin antigens envelope na myelin. Lokacin da waɗannan lymphocytes (macrophages) ke hulɗa tare da antigens, an fitar da wasu sunadarai wadanda ke karfafa jigilar kwayoyin mononuclear. Macrophages da kunnawa masu yaduwa (wanda aka gano a cikin tsarin kulawa na tsakiya) suna kai hari ga sheath na myelin a wasu shafukan yanar gizo, wanda zai haifar da lalacewa da ƙaddamar da axon. Wasu masu tayar da kwayoyin halitta (kwayoyin da ke samar da myelin) sun mutu, wasu zasu iya mayar da sashinta na asali. Daga bisani, a kan yanayin da ake ciki na kumburi, karuwar astrocytes (wani nau'i na kwayoyin CNS) ana lura da ci gaba da ciyayi (fibrosis). Abubuwa biyu masu muhimmanci sun haifar da ci gaba da PC - kwayoyin halittar yanayin.
Abun ƙwayar cuta
Halin da PC ke ciki (adadin lokuta a cikin jama'a a wani lokaci a lokaci) a duniya ya bambanta. Tare da wasu ƙananan, cutar tana faruwa sau da yawa kamar yadda yake motsawa daga mahadin tare da mafi girman ƙaura a yankuna a sama da 30 na layi daya a kan dukkanin cibiyoyin. Yana da mahimmanci don rarrabe wurare guda uku a ko'ina cikin duniya, bambance-bambancen da ke tattare da ƙwayar sclerosis mai yawa: wurare masu girma, matsakaici da ƙananan. Canza wurin zama tare da canji a cikin hadarin haɗari yana haifar da ƙãra ko ragewa cikin ƙimar mutum na inganta PC, daidai da, yankin da ya zauna. A cikin ƙoƙari na bayyana waɗannan siffofin ƙasa, an bincika abubuwa masu yawa na muhalli. Halin da ake amfani da su na sinadarin hoto, da kuma irin ƙwayoyin cutar kyanda da kuma canine (wanda ya haifar da mummunan cututtuka a cikin karnuka) an dauki shi, amma har yanzu ba a tabbatar da cutar PC ba.
Bayanan halitta
Kowane mutum da tarihin iyali na PC zai iya haifar da cutar. Alal misali, wata mace wanda 'yar'uwa tana da PC, haɗarin samun rashin lafiya yana ƙaruwa sau 40 idan aka kwatanta da mace ba tare da irin wannan makirisiya ba. Idan akwai rashin lafiya na daya daga cikin ma'aurata, na biyu yana cikin hadari na PC mai tasowa tare da yiwuwar 25%.
Amsar na rigakafi
Wasu masana kimiyya sun bayar da shawarar cewa amsawa na immunological zuwa magungunan mai cutar (ƙwayoyi, kwayoyin cuta) ko rashin ƙarfi na kare lafiyar jiki shine ke da alhakin ci gaba da cutar. Wasu masana sun yarda da yanayin kamfanonin PC, inda kwayoyin halitta ba su lalata kayan jikin su. Binciken asali daga PC yana dogara ne akan hotunan haɓakaccen haɗari ko bincike game da ruwan sanyi. Don maganin cutar na tsawon lokaci, ana amfani da kwayoyi irin su beta-interferon. Ga masu kwakwalwa na PC, ana amfani da manyan nau'o'i biyu na bincike:
• Hoton fuska na Magnetic (MRI);
• bincike game da ruwan sanyi (COC).
Nazarin Mat
Yin amfani da fasahar MRI ya ƙaru da daidaito na kwakwalwar PC, kuma ya haifar da kyakkyawar fahimtar yanayin cutar. Plaques a cikin tsakiyar tsakiya suna da wani nau'i a cikin hotuna, wanda, a hade tare da localization a cikin kwakwalwa, ya sa zato a kan PC. MPT tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ganewar PC, amma aikace-aikace na hanya yana da iyakancewa game da kula da yanayin cutar. Abin takaici, babu wata alamar rubutu tsakanin MP-hoto da kuma bayyanar cututtuka na cutar.
Nazarin CSF
CSF tana bayyana cikin ventricles na kwakwalwa, da kuma wanke fuskar kwakwalwa da kashin baya. A PC akwai wasu canje-canje na furotin da salon salula wanda aka sani, wanda, duk da haka, ba ƙayyade ba ne. A cikin kashi 90 cikin dari na marasa lafiya a cikin CSF, an samo wani nau'i na musamman na immunoglobulin (oligoclonalD).
Sauran gwaje-gwaje
Don auna yadda za a gudanar da halayen kwalliya, alal misali, ta hanyar ƙwayoyin filaye na ido, ana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen musamman. A halin yanzu, ana nazarin wannan binciken bace. Jarabawar jini da sauran gwaje-gwaje ba su da muhimmanci a bincikar PC, amma za'a iya amfani da su don ware wasu yanayi masu kama. Jiyya na PC yana rufe wasu hanyoyi.
Babban hare-hare
Yawancin harin PC ya faru a cikin sauki kuma basu buƙatar takamaiman magani. A wata hanya mafi tsanani, ana ba da corticosteroids a cikin nau'i-nau'i ko ƙananan ƙwayar cuta. Wadannan kwayoyi sun rage tsawon lokacin harin, amma ba su shafi sakamako na ƙarshe.
Matakan ƙaddamarwa
Wasu magunguna zasu iya taimakawa bayyanar cutar.
• Dysfunction na mafitsara
Yawanci, marasa lafiya sun kara ƙarfafa su urinate da kuma ɗaukar urinary - don taimakawa wadannan cututtuka amfani da kwayoyi irin su oxybutynin da tolterodine. Wani lokaci, don rage yawan tsabar gaggawa a cikin dare, ka rubuta desmopressin. Tsarin kansa na yau da kullum na mafitsara ya ba marasa lafiya damar kula da bayyanar cututtuka na rashin ciwon urinary kuma rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Cutar da hanji ba su da yawa.
• rashin ƙarfi
Rashin nakasa a cikin maza da PC yana da sildenafilom mara kyau.
• Spasticity of muscles Maɗaukaki tsoka tsoka, tsinkayyar ga PC, yawanci yakan haifar da talauci ga magungunan, wanda ma yana da yawan abubuwan illa.
• Raɗa
Don rage cutar ciwo zai sanya kuɗi kamar amitriptyline. Kulawa na tsawon lokaci na PC ya hada da yin amfani da kayan aiki wanda ba zai iya magance matsalar ta jiki ba. A halin yanzu, magungunan da ake amfani dasu a wannan dalili shine beta-interferon.
Interferons
Ana hada haɗin Interferons cikin jikinmu kuma sun zo cikin nau'i uku: haɗin gizon alpha-interferons basu da tasiri akan PC; beta-interferons suna taka rawa wajen janyewa; gamma-interferons zai haifar da yaduwar cutar. Hanyar aikin aikin beta-interferon ba a sani ba. Interferon beta ya bambanta da beta na tsakiya, yayin da interferon beta yayi daidai da shi. Dukkanin beta interferons rage yawan adadin harin PC game da kusan 30%; wasu masu bincike sun bayar da shawarar cewa sun rage yawan rashin jin daɗi. Daban-daban na interferons suna da alamun daban-daban dangane da irin wannan cuta. Beta-interferon ba shi da wani amfani da PC mai saukowa, duk da haka yana jinkirta cigaban ci gaba na biyu na cutar. Interferon beta-1a shirye-shirye, da bi da bi, da kishiyar sakamako. A lokacin magani, tsauraran kwayoyin halitta an kafa su a cikin jiki mai haƙuri, wanda tasirinsa a kan nasarar farfadowa ba shi da kyau. Dukkan nau'ikan beta-interferon zai haifar da ingantacciyar cigaba a tsarin MP tare da rage yawan adadin.
Sauran kwayoyi
Gwargwadon rawanin gine-gine na glatiramer yana da tsarin sunadarai irin wannan tare da mai gina jiki mai gina jiki. Kamar beta interferons, hakan yana rage yawan ƙarfafawa, amma ba zai tasiri cigaba da cutar ba. Aiki na yau da kullum na immunoglobulin yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan hare-haren da kuma saurin yanayin cutar. Tambayoyi da yawa game da tasiri mai kyau na waɗannan kwayoyi sun kasance ba a amsa ba. Sauran, ƙayyadaddun ƙwayoyin cuta sunyi nazari na asibiti. Kwayar cuta ce mai cike da ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar ci gaba. Duk da haka, akwai hanyoyi da yawa wadanda zasu taimaki marasa lafiya su magance damuwa yau da kullum.
• Abinci
An yi imanin cewa cin abinci tare da ƙwayoyin dabba da yawa da kuma kasancewar acid fatattun (kamar sunflower oil) yana da sakamako mai tasiri akan lafiyar marasa lafiya.
• Babban ayyukan
Kyakkyawar rayuwar mai haƙuri tare da PC yana da dalilai irin su damar yin amfani da kai, matakin motsi da kuma bukatar yin amfani da kwayoyi da dogon lokaci. Yana da mahimmanci cewa an ba marasa lafiya tare da kula da lafiyar likita da kuma kula da masu sana'a.
• Hasashen
Kimanin shekaru 20 daga farkon cutar, kashi 50 cikin dari na marasa lafiya suna iya tsayayya da nisa waje na kimanin mita 20. Zuwan rai na matsakaicin irin wannan marasa lafiya ya fi ƙasa a cikin jama'a.