Kuna so ku faranta wa kanku da dangin ku da kayan lambu mai dadi da yawa daga gonar? Kula da girma a cikin gonar ka! Amma, kamar yadda aka sani, don tattara girbi mai kyau a lokacin rani da kaka, dole ne a yi aiki a gonar duk shekara. Menene dole ne a yi a cikin hunturu, spring, summer and autumn months?
Winter: shirye-shiryen na gaba kakar
A farkon shekara ta, yana da kyau a sake ƙaddara hannun jari na agrochemicals da kuma shirya tsaba don shuka. Ana buƙatar tsaba ta hanyar ajiya da girman, disinfected. Idan ba ku sani ba idan har yanzu suna da germination, yana da daraja dubawa.
Lokacin zabar a cikin shagon abinci don seedlings, ka tuna cewa mafi kyau kuma mafi tsada shi ne cakuda peat da perlite. Idan yana da tsada, zaka iya shirya ƙasa mai duhu, inda 50% na cakuda suka kara. Har ila yau kana buƙatar saya kwantena don dasa shuki: waɗannan za su iya zama kwasfa-gurasa kofuna, Allunan, cassettes. Duk wannan zaka buƙaci a farkon Maris.
Spring: shuka a cikin ƙasa da kuma aiki tare da seedlings
Dole ne a shirya shirye-shiryen lambun lambu a farkon farkon bazara. Mafi sau da yawa a watan Maris, yawan zafin jiki yana tafiya akan manyan iyaka a cikin dare da rana. A rana, ƙarƙashin hasken rana, ruwan dusar ƙanƙara ya narkewa da sauri, kuma a daren lokacin da sanyi ta kama, wurare masu narkewa sun daskare. Don cire snow daga gadaje? zaka iya watsa ash akan shi ko rufe shi da fim.
Irin wannan amfanin gona mai sanyi kamar karas, albasa, faski, dill - an shuka su a farkon ruwan haushi. Kada ku jinkirta da shuka, musamman idan akwai narke.
Shuka karas, ka tuna cewa wannan al'ada za a iya bambanta cikin sharudda. A farkon Maris, shuka da wuri da kuma marigayi iri. Na farko zai je don samar da katako, kuma na biyu - don Agusta da kaka amfani. Shuka a cikin marigayi Afrilu na iri-iri iri iri ne aka yi nufi don dogon lokacin da ajiya. Idan ba ku da kwarewar ƙwarewa, ku nemi tsaba a kan takarda, inda aka riga an saita yawan ƙimar.
Table beets suna sown for 10-12 days bayan karas, albasa da Dill tare da faski. Idan ka yanke shawarar shuka shi a lokaci guda kamar sauran al'adu, to, zai bunkasa da sauri a karkashin tsari, amma ba lallai ba ne.
Salatin da alayyafo kuma za'a iya shuka, da zarar dusar ƙanƙara ta fāɗi. Sown a karkashin cover, za su ba da kayayyakin da suka gabata, amma akwai wani subtlety. Sau da yawa weeds girma da sauri a cikin ƙi a karkashin tsari. Don haka zabi wuraren tsabta daga gare su ko rufe wurin shuka tare da baƙar fata baki daya, sa a ciki a cikin ramummuka ga tsaba.
Zaka iya fara namo na tumatir, tumatir da barkono a farkon farkon bazara. Amma yana da daraja a la'akari da lokacin sanyi na ƙarshe (Mayu 25). Idan an yi amfanin gona a ranar 20 ga Maris, rassan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire za su fara fita daga cikin tukunansu tun a ranar Mayu. Idan ba ku da greenhouse, to, ana shuka shuka bayan Maris 20 don dasa tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa a bayan Mayu 25.
Don samun tsire-tsire, cika cassettes tare da yalwar ƙasa kuma gumi tsaba zuwa zurfin 2 cm - daya ta tantanin halitta. Lokacin da tsayuwa ya faru a kowane kwanaki 2-3, juya su 90 ° saboda haka kada seedling baya tanƙwara zuwa ga haske. Bugu da kari, za a saukar da yawan zazzabi zuwa + 16-18 ° C, don kada sandan subcampus ya shimfiɗa. Game da bayyanar da 1-2-nd "real" leaf, dashi da harbe a cikin peat-humus tukwane da ƙara na 0.5 lita, discarding rauni da underdeveloped samfurori.
Idan kana da agrofiber ko tsari na fim, daga tsakiyar Afrilu zaka iya shuka melons da gourds - kabewa, squash, squash. Da zarar fararen fararen suna fitowa daga tushe na tukunyar filastik, za'a iya shuka seedlings a ƙarƙashin murfin. Ka tuna cewa melons ba su jure wa raunin raunin da ya faru ba, don haka ya kamata a aiwatar dashi kamar yadda ya kamata a kiyaye adadin, wanda a cikin kwanaki biyu kafin fitarwa ya dakatar da ruwa.
A watan Afrilu, dasa shuki seedlings a bude ƙasa fara tare da marigayi kabeji. A lokaci guda tare da shi, ana shuka tsaba da tsaka-tsire da tsire-tsire iri iri a ƙarƙashin murfin, in ba haka ba zasu yi girma sannu a hankali, suna rasa halaye masu mahimmanci. An shuka shuke-shuke mai dumi a ƙasa a ƙarshen sanyi (Mayu 25).
Summer: ciyar, kariya da sake shuka
Na farko a gonar ya fara girma kabeji, wanda zai iya barazana ga slugs. Yayyafa da plantation a kansu, kuma a tsakanin layuka na sawdust da alli. A cikin tsaka-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, a farkon lokacin rani, yawancin yawancin macro- da microelements suna da yawa, ƙananan sun zama 'yan kullun, wanda ya nuna rashin phosphorus. A nan, ƙarin samuwa tare da takin mai magani mai mahimmanci zai zama tasiri.
Babban matsalar da ke faruwa a lokacin da girma tumatir yana marigayi blight. Na farko shi ya bayyana kansa a cikin nauyin ƙananan ganye, sa'an nan kuma dukkan ganye a kanji suna rufe launin ruwan kasa da launin rawaya. Zai yiwu yiwuwar yin watsi da ganye na tumatir na iya zama saboda rashin jan ƙarfe, shuke-shuke da ke da alamomi.
Ta wurin adana magungunan tumatir zuwa igiya, za ku guje wa rataye a saman, wanda zai sa ya fi sauƙi don ku yaki weeds, pasynkovanie da girbi, kuma ku inganta wutar lantarki. Zaka iya cire lita 2-3 a kan tumatir don hana damuwa da iska a cikin tudu. A rabi na biyu na lokacin rani zaka iya shuka Peking kabeji, iri don al'adun kaka. Na farko, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar yin amfani da su kullum kuma suna da rauni, amma a cikin watan Agustan Satumba, ci gaba za su kasance mafi iko.
Kada ka manta don cire aphids a kan tsire-tsire. Ana iya ganin shi daga rashin ƙarfi na al'adu da kuma rufewa daga cikin ganyayyaki. Ku dubi kudancin ganyayyaki, idan kun sami yankunan aphids a can, kuyi kokarin murkushe kwari tare da yatsunsu don farawa. A kan manyan plantations, amfani da biologics da aphids.
Ana shuka radish a watan Agusta. Ƙaddamar da hasken rana sake haifar da yanayi don ci gaba, amma yanzu yana da daraja ta amfani da iri iri. A cikin fall za ku samu radish cewa kama da karas. Yawancin lokaci sun fi girma, sun fi karfi kuma sun fi dadi fiye da farkon.
Za ku iya shuka da rukkola. A lokacin zafi da kuma yawan canjin yanayin zafi, arugula da sauri ya ba kibiyoyi, ganye ya zama mafi m da kuma haɗari a dandano. A watan Agusta, da dare maraice, waɗannan matsalolin zasu fara ɓacewa. Amma ko da idan ka sami ganye tare da haushi, ka rage su a cikin ruwa mai zãfi, kuma za ta shuɗe.
Autumn: podzimnii shuka da kuma tsabtatawa na shafin
Mafi kyawun lokaci don shuka tafarnuwa tafarnuwa - ranar 25 ga Satumba, amma ba latti don yin haka a farkon Oktoba. Kafin farawar frosts, zai sami lokaci ya dauki tushe. Kafin dasa shuki, toshe hakora cikin raunuka don samo kayan harbe.
A ƙarshen Oktoba ko farkon Nuwamba, ciyar da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire - karas, faski, Dill, seleri, albasa. Irin wadannan albarkatun gona na bukatar zurfin 2-3 cm, da kuma karuwa da sau 1.5 da seeding rate. Zai fi kyau shuka, barci barci striae zurfin 4-5 cm ba daskararre ƙasa ba, amma humus da yashi ko peat. Zaɓi lokaci iri domin tsaba zasu iya ƙarawa, amma kada ku ci gaba. Zai fi kyau shuka shuka a wurare da dama, saboda haka za ku fahimci wane lokacin ya fi nasara ga amfanin gona a wurin zama.
A cikin gine-gine, an rufe shi da fim, an rufe kakar a watan Oktoba, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya sauke ƙasa + 3 ° C da dare. A kan tumatir, yanke duk 'ya'yan itatuwa kuma ka ware daban-daban ga kore, launin ruwan kasa, ja da fashe. Idan tumatir har yanzu suna kore, amma sun riga sun nuna alamun rashin lafiya, to, ya fi dacewa nan da nan a gabatar da waɗannan samfurori - za su yi sauri sauri fiye da ripen. Zai fi kyau a sanya launin ruwan kasa da ja tumatir a cikin wuri mai sanyi, kuma kore su a wuri mai dumi. Don haka kuna samun sabbin tumatir har sai marigayi kaka. Cire tsire-tsire daga igiya, ya fi kyau kada ku manta da sharan gona, amma don binne ko ƙone su.
Ana buƙatar tsabtace gine-gine a cikin sa'o'i 3-4, an shafe shi da bama-bamai na sulfur. Har ila yau yana da daraja yin humus da digging ƙasa a cikin greenhouse. Kada ka manta ka shafe fili, kamar soda tare da kara yawan alli ko ƙwayar ruwa, abin da ke ciki na firam. Musamman a hankali ya kamata a cire daga ragowar wuraren ciyawa kusa da tsire-tsire masu ciwo. Kada ka manta ka cire fim din daga gine-gine a lokaci. Jigilarwa zai iya zama cikin kwarangwal na gawa, idan dusar ƙanƙara ba ta zato ba tsammani.