Kwayoyin cuta na cataracts
A cikin takunkumi, hanyar hasken hasken wuta ta hanyar ido ya lalace. Ƙananan ƙididdiga bazai haifar da wani bayyanar cututtuka ba. Abubuwan da suka fi girma zasu iya haifar da canje-canje masu biyowa: ragewa a cikin gani mai gani ("damuwa a idanun") - ya karya ayyukan da aka saba, kamar karantawa ko tuki mota; hangen nesa sau da yawa muni a hasken haske, da kuma nesa da tsakiya; shafuka - ana iya kiyaye su a wuri mai mahimmanci a fagen gani; Diplopia (hangen nesa biyu) za'a iya kallon kawai a daya ido kuma ya cigaba yayin da ido na biyu ya rufe; glaucomatous halos - alamar orange a bayyane ga masu haƙuri a kusa da hasken haske ko kowane abu mai haske, duk abin da ke kewaye yana da haske orange; sauki karatu - marasa lafiya da suka buƙaci da ake bukata gilashin don karatu, wani lokacin ba su yi amfani da su babu kuma. Hanyoyin da aka yi a Cataract da suka canza a cikin siffar tabarau sun haɓaka myopia.
Dalilin
Hasken girgije zai iya zama: dangantaka mai shekaru - tsarin tafiyar da cikewar ci gaba a cikin ruwan tabarau; wanda ya dace - saboda kamuwa da kwayoyin cututtuka na kwayoyin cuta, irin su rubella, ko cuta masu ciwo irin su galactosemia, tare da matakin da aka ƙera a cikin jini; yanci - a cikin wasu iyalai akwai tsinkaye gameda ci gaban cataracts a lokacin da ya tsufa; traumatic - saboda ƙuƙwalwar idanu, da raunin raunuka na gishiri ko gilashi, ko ayyukan ido na baya; masu ciwon kumburi - marasa lafiya tare da ciwon idanu na ido (iritom) suna kara yawan haɗari; sakamakon cutar ciwon sukari - tare da babban sukari a cikin jini, ruwan tabarau na iya lalacewa; radiation - tare da daukan lokaci mai tsawo zuwa hasken rana ko radiation ionizing; lalacewa ta hanyar corticosteroids - yin amfani da magunguna na wannan rukuni na iya haifar da cataracts; dangane da cututtuka na fata, irin su dermatitis atypical. Masu ciwon sukari da ke amfani da insulin zasu iya sha wahala daga cataracts saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki da ruwan tabarau na ido.
Diagnostics
An gane ganewar asali na cataracts bayan kammala duba ido don cire wasu cututtuka, misali glaucoma ko cututtuka. Marasa lafiya tare da takardun shaida suna iya nuna wurin wurin hasken haske, ɗalibai sukan saba da haske. A cikin lokuta da aka ci gaba, ruwan tabarau na iya bayyana launin ruwan kasa ko fari.
Ophthalmoscopy
Yin amfani da na'urar samfurin (samfurin kayan aiki na musamman ga duba ido na ciki), wanda zai iya tabbatar da kasancewar cataracts. Lokacin da wani haske na haske ya wuce ta yaro daga nesa kusan kimanin 60 cm, bango na baya na ido ya dubi ja (saboda "red eyes" wanda ke bayyane a wasu hotunan). Ana ganin Cataract matsayin wuri mai duhu.
Congenital cataract
Dukkan jarirai, da yara tsakanin shekarun 6 zuwa 8 za a kula da su don cataract da sauran cututtuka na ido. Dole ne a bi da takaddun ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin farkon watanni uku na rayuwa. Idan babu magani mai dacewa, za a iya rushewar hangen nesa na al'ada, koda kuwa an cire samfurin a cikin shekaru mai zuwa. Ophthalmologists suna amfani da samfurin maganin ƙwallon ido na ciki, tare da taimakon wanda zai yiwu don tabbatarwa ko kuma kawar da ganewar asali na cataract. Babu magani ga sharuɗɗa. A farkon matakan, gilashin duhu na iya hana haushi ido lokacin da aka bayyana su haske. Kyakkyawan walƙiya daga saman da baya zai iya taimakawa tare da karatun.
Yin magani
Ayyukan da za a cire cataracts (hakar cataracts) yana da lafiya da tasiri. Wannan shine aikin da aka saba yi a tsofaffi. A cikin Rasha, fiye da 300,000 cataract extractions aka yi a kowace shekara. Daga cikin marasa lafiya, an yi imanin cewa ba za'a bada adadin kayan cirewa kawai a matsayi na karshe ba, tare da ɓarna mai zurfi. Tare da yin amfani da fasaha na zamani, jinkirin bata aiki ba a buƙata ba. A cikin haɓakaccen ɗakin cirewa, tsakiya, mafi ɓangare na ruwan tabarau (tsakiya) za a iya diluted kafin cire ta duban dan tayi. Bayan tiyata, yawancin marasa lafiya suna lura da ingantacciyar cigaba a hangen nesa. Duk da haka, karatun yana iya buƙatar maki. Ana gudanar da wannan aiki a karkashin maganin rigakafi na gida, tare da kwanin kwana daya.
Motocin fasaha
Ana cire yawancin haɓakar ƙari. Yin amfani da magungunan microsurgical, likita ya kawar da ruwan tabarau ta hanyar karamin haɗari a jikinsa. Hanyoyin intracapsular sun hada da cire dukan dukkanin ruwan tabarau tare da murfin, yawanci tare da taimakon wani cryoprobe; wannan fasaha an yi amfani dashi yanzu a hanya mai iyaka. Marasa lafiya yakan dawo da sauri. A wasu lokuta, yin amfani da anti-inflammatory da antibacterial ido saukad da ake bukata domin da dama makonni. Ba tare da ruwan tabarau ba, ido yana gani a nesa mai nisa, amma ba zai iya mayar da hankali ga abubuwa masu kusa ba. Gilashin ko ƙaddamar da ruwan tabarau na wucin gadi yana taimakawa wajen gyara hangen nesa. Gilashin - wajibi ne bayan aiki, sun kara abubuwa masu kusa, amma suna da mahimmanci kuma suna iyakance filin ra'ayi; yin amfani da implants yana kawar da amfani da tabarau. Dangantakar intraocular - an ci gaba da ruwan tabarau na intraocular (ruwan tabarau na wucin gadi) tun lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, lokacin da aka gano cewa ragowar plexiglas daga cabs jiragen sama, suna zama a cikin idanu, kada ku cutar da shi, kamar sauran kungiyoyin waje. Mafi yawan ruwan tabarau na wucin gadi an yanzu an sanya shi a cikin matsurar ruwan tabarau maras kyau. Akwai daban-daban nau'i-nau'i na wucin gadi, ciki har da ƙananan polymethyl-methacrylate da ruwan tabarau masu sulɓi mai zurfi, waɗanda aka gabatar ta hanyar ƙaddamarwa. Cataract yayi kokarin girma a tsawon lokaci kuma zai iya haifar da makanta. Ta hanyar hana gwadawa a cikin ido na ido, yana damuwa da ganewar wasu cututtuka na ido marasa lafiya. Ayyukan na mayar da hangen nesa ta al'ada ba tare da wani batu ba. A lokacin gyarawa tare da cataracts an yanke shi a gefen gear (abin da ke kewaye da yankin). Wannan yana barin rauni don warkewa ba tare da sakawa ba. Bayan an shigar da ruwan tabarau, a wani lokacin ana lura da wani katako mai ɗaukar nauyi, wanda zai haifar da lalacewar hangen nesa. A wannan yanayin, ana iya buƙatar lasisin laser. Cataract wani abu ne na rashin hangen nesa a cikin tsofaffi.