Aldous Leonard Huxley, tarihin rayuwa

Tarihi Huxley yana da ban sha'awa ga duk wanda yake so ya karanta littattafai masu kyau. Aldous Huxley wani marubuci ne mai ƙwarewa a farkon rabin karni na ashirin. Aldous Leonard na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka gano duniya na anti-utopia ga masu yawa da suka san irin wannan nau'in.

Tsohon Leonard Huxley, wanda labarinsa ya fara a Birtaniya, shine ci gaba da jinsin, wanda ya shahara ga mutane masu basira. Aldous Leonard Huxley, a cikin tarihinsa zaka iya samun abubuwa masu ban sha'awa, shine marubucin Leonard Huxley. Kuma tarihin kakansa, Thomas Huxley - wani labari ne na masana kimiyyar basira. Bugu da ƙari, daga cikin kakanni da kakanni na Huxley, akwai kuma masana kimiyya, masu zane-zane da marubuta da yawa. Alal misali, idan ka ɗauki layin mahaifiyar Huxley, wanda Leonard ya yi aure a lokacin, ita ce jikar marubucin tarihi da kuma malami Thomas Arnold da 'yar uwar marubucin Thomas Arnold. Kamar yadda muka gani, Leonard ya zabi kansa matar da aka koya daga kyakkyawan iyali mai hikima, kamar yadda yake kansa. Aldous kuma yana da 'yan uwaye biyu, Julian da Andarawas, wadanda suka kasance masana sanannun masana.

Yaran Yara ya kasance mai haske. A cikin iyalinsa, a cikin tunanin Birtaniya, ya koyi karatun littattafai masu kyau, sauraron kiɗa mai kyau da fahimtar fasaha. Yayinda yaro, Aldous ya yalwata. Wurin fari na fari wanda Huxley ya samu shi ne mutuwar mahaifiyarta. Sa'an nan kuma marubucin nan gaba yana da shekaru goma sha uku kuma wannan, ba shakka, ya kasance mummunar damuwa a gare shi. Alamar maras kyau ta biyu da labarin marubucin ya samu shine cutar ido wadda ta fara farawa lokacin da Aldous ya kasance sha shida. Ta kai ga rashin lafiyar hangen nesa, don haka an sake mutumin daga aikin soja a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. A hanyar, Aldous da kansa ya shiga cikin gyaran hangen nesa kuma ya bayyana shi a cikin wata kwararru da aka buga a shekara ta 1943, wadda ake kira "Yadda za a gyara hangen nesa."

Idan muka yi magana game da hanyar kirkiro, martaba shi ne ya rubuta cewa littafin farko ne Aldous ya rubuta a cikin shekaru 17. A wannan lokacin, ya koyi littattafai a Kwalejin Balliol a Oxford. Ba a buga wannan littafi ba, amma lokacin da yayi shekaru ashirin da haihuwa Huxley ya san cewa yana so ya zama marubuci kuma babu wani abin da yake sha'awar shi.

Duk litattafan da Aldous ya rubuta sun hada da abu ɗaya - rashin 'yan Adam a cikin al'umma mai ci gaba. Mutane da yawa sun san kuma suna son littafinsa "Oh Brave New World! ". Amma ba kowa ya karanta wani littafi na marubuta ba, wanda ya kafa shekaru ashirin bayan da farko ya ga duniya. An kira wannan littafi "Koma zuwa sabuwar kyakkyawan duniya." A ciki, Huxley ya ce abubuwan da aka bayyana a cikin littafin farko ba haka ba ne. A gaskiya, duk abin da zai iya zama mummunan kuma ya fi damuwa. Dukan maganganun da suka shafi Huxley suna daɗaɗawa cewa gaskiyar cewa mutum yana tasowa ta hanyar fasaha, yawancin ya rasa zuciya da rai. Mutane ba za su iya tsinkaya ba kuma suna wucewa ta kowane abu kamar yadda suke yi a baya. A akasin wannan, zancen ya zama abu mai ban tsoro da hana. Suna cinye al'umma mai kyau, domin suna sa su ji daɗin mutum, suna tunani game da ayyukansu, kuma ba suyi kamar yadda hukumomi suka ce ba, ba tare da komai ba, suna bin dukkan umurnin da kuma dokoki. A cikin sabuwar duniya mai ban sha'awa, babu irin wannan zumunci, ƙauna da tausayi. Fiye da haka, bai kamata ba. Idan wani yana ƙoƙari ya nuna motsin rai, dole ne a raba shi ko a hallaka shi. A gaskiya ma, Huxley yayi daidai da duniyar da dukmu, a gaskiya, keyi. Bayan haka, babu wata cuta da jarumi a ciki, saboda mutane ba sa son cin nasara da kuma raba wani abu. Amma kuma babu sauran motsin zuciyarmu da haɗe-haɗe a ciki. Ganin aikin Huxley, kowa da kowa yana tunani game da yadda zai so kuma zai rayu a cikin wannan duniya, kuma yaya ma'anar irin wanzuwar rayuwa ga talakawa, da kuma abin da ga wadanda suke da iko akan su kuma suna ƙoƙarin samun riba daga kowane abu , fiye da yadda za su iya yin amfani da shi.

Amma, baya ga tarihin Huxley. A 1937 sai ya zo Los Angeles tare da jagoransa Gerald Gerd. A wancan lokacin, Aldous ya sake fara ɓarna a gani kuma yana da tsammanin cewa yanayin yanayin zafi na jihar California zai taimaka masa a kalla kadan don dakatar da wannan cuta. Lokacin da yake zama a Los Angeles, Aldous ya fara sabon wallafe-wallafen. Yana da cikakkun bayanai kuma ya ɗauki ainihin mutum da hali. Bugu da kari, a wannan lokacin ne Huxley ya sadu da Jeddah Krishnamurti. Tare da shi, marubuta ya fara fara aiki a cikin ilimin kai, don nazarin koyarwar hikima da akidar. Yana ƙarƙashin rinjayar nazarin irin waɗannan ayyuka da kuma hanyoyi wanda Aldous ya rubuta irin waɗannan ayyuka kamar "Furofayyar dawwama", "Ta Hanyar Shekaru Da yawa". A shekara ta 1953, Huxley ya yarda ya shiga wani gwaji mai ban tsoro, ta hanyar da Humphrey Osmond ya so ya bayyana yadda mescaline ke shafar fahimtar mutum.

Ba zato ba tsammani, an rubuta shi da Humphrey tare da kalmar "psychedelic" da farko. Ya bayyana yanayin da ke faruwa a cikin mutumin da yake ƙarƙashin rinjayar mescaline. Sai marubucin ya bayyana duk abinda yake ji a cikin labaru biyu. Wannan maƙasudin "Ƙofar Haske" da "Aljanna da Jahannama." A cikin su ya rubuta game da duk abin da ya ji a lokacin gwajin, wanda, ba zato ba tsammani, an gudanar da shi sau goma. A hanyar, shi ne daga maƙalar muƙallar "ƙofar ganewa" cewa an kira kungiyar dors Dors. Yin amfani da kwayoyi ya rinjayi aikin marubuci. Ya zama kamar ya sake tunaninsa kuma daga anti-utopia ya fara motsawa zuwa ga mai amfani mai kyau. Alal misali, a cikin littafi mai suna "Island" wata al'umma mai zaman kanta ba a nuna shi da mummunar mummunan hali ba. A akasin wannan, yana da kyau sosai kuma yana da tsawon rayuwa.

Shekaru na ƙarshe Huxley ta sha wahala daga mummunar cuta. Ya ciwon ciwon daji. Bayan mutuwarsa, babu wani littafi da aka bari, domin, ba da daɗewa ba kafin wannan mummunar lamari, gidan ya ƙone kuma dukan littattafai da kuma rubutun sun ƙone tare da shi. Huxley ya mutu a 1963. Yayin da yake tunanin mutuwa da rashin son shan wahala, sai ya tambayi matarsa ​​ta saka LSD cikin shi a cikin intramuscularly. Ya yi tsayi sosai, amma matarsa ​​ta amince da wannan kuma ta yi amfani da kwayar LSD guda ɗari. Bayan haka, Aldous Leonard Huxley ya shige.