Peperomies sune tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ƙananan bishiyoyi da yawa. Suna iya zama ɗaya ko ƙarancin jiki, epiphytes ko tsire-tsire. Peperomies sun yi harbe-harbe, ganyayyaki duka tare da tsari na yau da kullum, wanda ba a tsara ba, daga siffofi daban-daban. Ƙananan furanni na bisexual suna samar da kunnuwa. Kwayoyin peperomies sune pollinated cross.
Mafi yawancin jinsuna suna horar da su a matsayin tsirrai masu shuka a cikin noma da na cikin gida. Sau da yawa ana samun su a cikin amfel abun da ke ciki, ƙungiyoyi masu ado da kuma bishiyoyin epiphytic. Wannan injin ya janyo hanyoyi daban-daban na ganye da furanni. A karshen tsari na bakin ciki inflorescences - kunnuwa, - kama ƙugiya wutsiyoyi. A wasu nau'o'in, an tattara wasu ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kungiyoyi a cikin kananan panicles; a wasu suna da siffar scallops. An kafa furanni a yanayin gajeren rana. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - berries, ana iya saukewa lokacin da aka taɓa su. Wani lokaci peperopia yana girma a cikin iyakacin iyaka kamar lambun kwalban.
Bayanin kulawa
Haskewa. Tsire-tsire na ciki kamar haske mai watsar, kada ku yi haƙuri ga hasken rana kai tsaye. Zai fi kyau a sanya shuka a kan yammacin gabas ko gabas. Windows tare da jagorancin kudanci ya dace da girma kwayar halitta kawai daga nesa daga window, ko suna buƙatar ƙirƙirar hasken lantarki tare da taimakon rubutun translucent ko takarda. Yi la'akari da cewa nau'in pepermia tare da kore ya bar jurewa maras kyau, yayin da jinsi iri iri suna buƙatar haske mai haske. A cikin hunturu, ma, ana buƙatar haske mai kyau. Don yin wannan, shigar da hasken ƙarin ta amfani da hasken wuta. Ka tuna cewa an sanya su 55-60 cm sama da shuka kuma amfani da akalla 8 hours a rana. Kwayoyin kwari suna girma da kyau tare da hasken wuta, sa'an nan kuma hasken baya ya yi aiki game da awa 16 a rana.
Temperatuur tsarin mulki. Tsire-tsire na ciwon kwari yana bukatar gyaran fuska cikin shekara. A cikin bazara da lokacin rani, yawan zafin jiki mai zafi shine 20-22 ° C, a lokacin sanyi na shekara - 18-22 ° C, ba kasa da 16 ° C. Dubi yawan zafin jiki na substrate, kada ya fada a kasa 17-20 ° C: tushen tsarin pepermia ba ya jure wa hypothermia.
Watering. A lokacin rani da kuma a cikin bazara akwai wajibi ne don ruwa da pyperium da alheri, ta amfani da ruwa mai laushi don wannan. Lura cewa yawan zafin jiki na ruwa da aka yi amfani da ita don ban ruwa ya zama 2-3 ° C mafi girma fiye da iska a dakin. A lokacin sanyi, damuwa yana da matsakaici. Humidification ga peperomy yana da matukar hatsari, saboda yana da mummunan lalacewar asali kuma har ma da mai tushe. Sabili da haka, ƙyale earthman ya bushe da kyau a cikin tsaka tsakanin ban ruwa. Duk da haka, ma'adin kuma ba ya jure wa yin bushewa: rassan bishiyoyi, sa'annan ya fada.
Humidity na iska. Halin iska ba ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin noma na pepermia. Tsire-tsire yana karewa sosai don iska ta bushe. Duk da haka, an yi la'akari da zafi sosai a cikin iyakar 50-60%. A lokacin rani, an bada shawarar yin amfani da layi na foliage; A cikin hunturu wannan hanya bata zama dole ba.
Top dressing. Ana yin gyaran tufafi mafi sau da yawa fiye da sau 2 a wata a cikin lokaci daga bazara zuwa kaka. A lokacin hunturu, wanda ya kamata ya yi amfani da ƙwayar itace tare da tsantsar furen furen sau ɗaya a wata.
Formation. Don samar da manyan rassan da ke kaika da baya, an ba da shawarar yin kwararan matakai na harbe-harbe.
Canji. Young shuke-shuke dole ne a transplanted kowane spring. Don shuke-shuke girma fiye da shekaru 3, da shawarar mita - nbsp; 1 lokaci a cikin shekaru 2. Lokacin zabar wani akwati don dasawa, bi dokoki masu zuwa: tukunya ya kamata ya zama m, kuma diamita ya wuce diamita na baya ta hanyar factor 1.5. Dole ne a yi amfani da mai amfani da sutura, mai sauƙi ga ruwa da iska. Zai yiwu a yi amfani da haɗuwa da abun da ke ciki: ƙasa da ƙasa, humus, peat, yashi a cikin raunin (2-3): 1: 1: 1. Yawan acidity na kasar gona ya kamata ya kasance a cikin iyakar 5.5-6.5. Ka tuna da cewa saboda jaririn da kake bukata mai kyau magudanar ruwa. Da kyau a horar da shi ta hanyoyi na hydroponics.
Sake bugun. Peperomy itace tsire-tsire da za'a iya shuka ta hanyar tsaba ko vegetatively (ta rarraba bishiya, ganye da kuma rassan sautin). Idan aka shuka iri, shuka ana yin a cikin kwano. A wannan yanayin, amfani da cakuda takarda da yashi a daidai rabbai. Bayan haka sai a rufe gilashin da gilashi kuma a saita karamin gilashi. Mafi yawan zazzabi a wannan mataki shine 24-25 ° C. Kafin bayyanar sprouts, wajibi ne a ci gaba da kasancewa ta madara ta hanyar yin kariya. A mataki na mai kyau ko lakabi na biyu, harbe ana dasa su cikin kwalaye a nesa na 2x2 cm. A wannan lokacin da tsire-tsire suna da bukatar samun haske mai kyau, duk da haka, hasken hasken rana ya kamata a kauce masa, samar da inuwa.
Sa'an nan kuma ƙarfafa kananan tsire-tsire suna juye dashi cikin kwakwalwa 5-8 cikin daya. A wannan yanayin, yi amfani da cakuda wanda ya ƙunshi takarda, peat, turf da yashi, a cikin rabo daga 2: 2: 1: 1. A cin ganyayyaki na vegetative yanke cututtuka ko caulis cuttings tare da shafuka 1-3. Hanyar ya fi dacewa ku ciyar a lokacin dumi. A matsayin matashi, an yi amfani da peat, ƙasa mai laushi da yashi. Halitta wani abu kamar yadda ya kamata ya kara ƙarfafa tushen abubuwan da ke cikin cututtuka. Wasu growers tushen da cuttings a cikin ruwa. Dole a sanya akwati tare da cuttings a wuri mai dumi. A zafin jiki na 24-25 ° C na rooting cuttings zai dauki makonni 3-4. A sauran, kulawa yana kama da wannan na seedlings.
Wadannan houseplants za a iya propagated da ganye. An dasa su a cikin yashi tare da gajeren gajerun ganyayyaki. Ƙirƙiri ƙananan akwatin. Bayan makonni 3-4, an riga an shuka ganye a cikin tukunya 7-centimeter. Ana yin rassan shuka a cikin bazara a lokacin dashi.
Difficulties a girma
Fassara ganye zasu iya magana game da cin zarafin tsarin mulkin rani, musamman ma jinkirinsa. Idan kwarewa da gefuna na ganye sun zama launin fata - dalilin shine dashi ko zazzabi mai sauƙi.
Idan ganye sun zama maras kyau da rashin ƙarfi, akwai alamun lalacewa akan su, wanda ke nufin cewa kasar gona tana da ruwa sosai kuma yawan zafin jiki cikin ɗakin yana da ragu.
Gudun alkama da fure - haifar da hasken haske, motsa shuka daga taga.
Idan ganye sun fara fada, wannan yana nuna abun ciki mai sanyi sosai.
Kwaro: gizo-gizo mites, nematodes, mealy asu, scabies, thrips.