Ma'aikata na jinsin su ne na shekara-shekara da kuma ganyayyaki, wasu lokuta tare da maida-kibaye ba tare da ganye ba. A cikin maɓallin tushen akwai wasu ganye. Flowers na siffar yau da kullum, biyar-membered, mafi yawa rawaya, jan ko ruwan hoda, a umbellate inflorescences, da wuya kadai. Calyx tubular, ko campanulate; Corolla tare da bututu da kuma sutura ko ɓangaren mahaifa. Fruit - akwatin.
Mutanen mazaunan zamanin Girka sun yi tunanin cewa a cikin primrose magani ne mai warkarwa ga dukan rashin lafiya. A cikin ganye akwai mai yawa carotene, bitamin C, glycosides, carbohydrates, Organic acid da kuma mai muhimmanci mai. Saboda haka, abu ne na al'ada don ɗaukar kayan ado na primrose tare da rheumatism, ciwon kai da dama, kula da su da ciwon sukari, tari da kuma ciwon huhu. Tushen primrose yana da diuretic da kuma maganin diaphoretic, zai iya inganta mugunta na ciki, kunna metabolism.
Don ƙarfafa tsarin mai juyayi, 'yan Jamus sukan janye fure-fure na primroses kuma suna shan su maimakon shayi. A Ingila, yawancin kayan lambu suna cinyewa a matsayin salatin, kuma ana amfani da asalinsu maimakon kayan yaji.
A baya, ana amfani da kayan ado daga tushensu don biyan amfani da zazzabi, yin jin daɗi da kuma kayan shafa daga eczema. A yau, primrose an girma a matsayin ado houseplant.
Kula da shuka
Primula - houseplants da bukatar a sanya shi a cikin wani daki mai dakin a kan haske taga, a cikin wani wuri da ventilated. Ganye yana buƙatar babban haske mai haske, amma dole ne a ɓoye daga rana. Fusho mai kyau na gabas da yammacin yamma. Ganye na iya jure wa rabi mai zurfi, ya yi girma a kan taga ta arewa.
Don primroses, ana buƙatar iska mai zurfi daga 12 zuwa 16 ° C a lokacin flowering (a cikin waɗannan yanayi, furanni zai šauki tsawon). Ba mummunar furanni a cikin unheated greenhouses ko tsakanin taga Frames.
Watering wadannan houseplants ya zama matsakaici, mai albarka a lokacin flowering (ruwan ƙasa ya kamata ya zama uniform, amma ba a yarda da ruwa ba), wani ruwa mai laushi mai sauƙi tare da bushewa na saman manya na maɓallin, ba zai yiwu a wanke ganye ba. Wajibi ne don karewa daga cikin ruwa daga tsakiya, kawai fara farawa. Lower amfani da mafi kyau amfani.
Tsarin primrose yana jurewa saman ruwan sama daga miyagun kwayar tsuntsaye a cikin kananan allurai da yawa. Don ciyar da furanni ya zama dole a watan Yuni da karshen watan Agustan, da farko - kwayoyin taki, na biyu - ammonium nitrate (daya da rabi gr A kowace lita na ruwa).
Ƙasa don primrose an buƙaci mai rauni, humic (pH na tsari na 6). Mafi kyawun primrose mai laushi shi ne sako-sako da ƙasa mai gina jiki. Ana iya shirya cakuda na gina jiki daga ɓangare na sod, kashi 2 ɓangarori na ƙasa da kuma kashi 1 na yashi. Ana buƙatar ƙasa mai raɗaɗi, don haka dole ne a kara wani ɓangare na kasar coniferous a cikin cakuda.
Primula - shuke-shuke da aka yada tare da taimakon tsaba, yana yiwuwa a raba tsohon bushes, tushen tushen harbe.
Dole ne a shuka jigon na farko-conical primrose a watan Afrilu-May a cikin tukwane a kan ƙasa na sandy-deciduous na 0.5 gr. tsaba a cikin kwano. Ruwa ta yin amfani da bindigogi. Rufe amfanin gona tare da gilashi kuma sanya a kan windowsill, ɓoye da harbe daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Dole ne a kula da t ° cikin 18-20 ° C. Bayan kwanaki 10, harbe za su bayyana. Ƙananan seedlings ya kamata a dived sau biyu, sa'an nan kuma dasa a cikin 9 cm. Gilashin furanni biyu ko uku. Ana iya shirya cakuda mai gina jiki daga wani ɓangare na deciduous, sassan biyu na greenhouse duniya da sashi daya na yashi. Kamar yadda furanni ke girma sau biyu ko sau uku an canja su zuwa manyan tasoshin.
Tsaba na shuke-shuke primula za a iya girma ba tare da lalacewa ba, dasa su nan da nan a cikin 13-cm. tukwane na tsire-tsire biyu ko uku, da kara zuwa cakuda mai yalwa mai laushi. Da wannan hanya na girma primrose blossoms cikin watanni shida.
An ƙaddamar da ƙwayar da aka sassauka da ƙuƙwarar da tsaba, wanda aka kafa bayan gwanin furanni na wucin gadi a cikin adadi mai yawa. Ana bukatar shuka a cikin Yuni-Yuli a cikin tukwane ko kwalaye. Bayan kwanaki 30 da tsire-tsire zasu buƙata a cikin tukwane tare da ciyar da yanki na 3x4, kuma bayan kwanaki 30 za a iya transplanted ko da ƙasa da sau da yawa (alal misali, 8x8 cm). A watan Oktoba, kuna buƙatar sauka a 11-13 cm. tukwane. Bayanni shida bayan shuka, furanni na farko zasu bayyana. A lokacin flowering, a cikin ginin ya kamata a kiyaye daga 10 zuwa 12 ° C. A cikin kaka da hunturu ya kamata a rage daga 8 zuwa 10 ° C.
Za a iya cigaba da yaduwa ta hanyar rarraba daji. Lokacin da inabin ya lalace, a watan Mayu an sanya shi a cikin wani wuri mai duhu don ya ba da izini. Ya kamata a shayar da furanni don kada ya bari ya bushe. Lokacin da mai tushe ya fara girma, ana bukatar rabuwa da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyi kuma a jefa su cikin kwalaye a cikin ƙasa mai laushi da na gina jiki. A lokacin da aka dasa shuki ba zai yiwu a jure wa tsire-tsire ba, wajibi ne cewa rosette yana ƙasa. Domin tabbatar da ingantawa, akwatin yana buƙatar rufe shi da gilashi kuma a sanya shi a kan taga mai haske. Sa'an nan kuma primroses ya kamata a dasa shi zuwa cikin rabi na 9-cm, kuma wata daya daga bisani - in 13-cm.
A lokacin ci gaban girma a kowane kwanaki goma zuwa goma sha biyu, wajibi ne don ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da raunana bayani (2 g da lita 10 na ruwa) da takin mai magani ma'adinai, da kuma yanke tsohon ganye.
Primrose tare da lakabi guda daya na ganye da tsarin raunin da ya raunana, wanda yake da wuyar raba ramin, an karu ta hanyar rudar da harbe-harben axillary. Don yin wannan, a gindin maɓallin tushen, dole ne a rarraba takalmin ganye tare da koda (yanke labaran rabi) da kuma wani ɓangare na harbe, da tushe shi a cikin kogin yashi (mai laushi), wanda aka sanya shi da wani Layer na 2 cm a kan wani matsayi na lalata da ƙasa. Ya kamata a dasa cututtuka a ƙarƙashin karkata, da koda sama zuwa zurfin 1 cm.
Idan an cire kayan gada, an sanya su a cikin ɗaki mai haske tare da t ° daga 16 zuwa 18 ° C, yashi yasa takalmin gyare-gyare kuma kar ka manta da yaduwa. Bayan watanni 3, buds tare da ganye 3-4 zasu bunkasa daga kodan, wanda to sai a dasa a cikin 7-9 cm. bowls. An shirya jita-jita ta ƙasa daga deciduous (4 sassa), humus (2 sassa) da kashi 1 na yashi. Za Bloom bayan watanni 5-6.
Difficulties a girma
Idan akwai mai yawa zafi, za'a iya samun shan kashi tare da laushi launin toka.
Idan tayi tsayi sosai, iska ta bushe, akwai damuwa da danshi, idan ruwan da kuke shayar da tsire-tsire yana da ƙarfi, kuma don takin amfani da takin mai magani sosai, to, ganye zai iya juya launin rawaya kuma tushen ya juya launin ruwan kasa.
Idan iska a cikin dakin ya bushe da zafi, to, furanni suna da sauri.
Lokacin da aka sanya shi a cikin wuri mai dumi da bushe, akwai raunin da ya faru ga aphids da gizo-gizo mite.