Kumquat: bayanin.
Harshen Fortunella (Latin Fortunella) yana da kashi biyu. Daga cikin nau'o'in kumquat, biyu sun fi shahara: Kwanan Japan (Latin F. japonica) da kuma citrus margarita (Latin F. margarita). Bugu da ƙari, a yau akwai babban adadin hybrids na kinkans da tsire-tsire na citrus, wanda ya samo asali da kuma ta hanyar halitta. Daga cikin su:
- calamondin, orangequat (kumquat da mandarin);
- limequat (kumquat da lemun tsami);
- citrumquat (Jafananci kumquat da Citrus marasa galihu);
- tsitranshdin (matasan mandarin da kumquat da kuma matasan orange da trifolate);
- citranquat (kumquat, orange da Citrus trifoliate), da dai sauransu.
Kumquat yana da amfani da dama wanda ya sa ya zama mai ban sha'awa a tsakanin masu shuka shuke-shuke da girma a gida. Da fari dai, wannan itace yana bambanta ta wurin girma da kuma rashin tsaka. Abu na biyu, kumquat - tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, yana da kyakkyawan kambi da ƙananan ganye. Na uku, itacen yana da kyau sosai kuma yana da fure-fure da 'ya'yan itace mai yawa. Furen kumquat sune fari tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan kasa. Bugu da kari, kumquat - houseplants, wanda sau da yawa halitta bonsai. Don kumquat yayi girma sosai, yana da muhimmanci don iyakance girman tukunya.
Don namo a cikin yanayi na cikin gida, dukkanin kumquat iri ne masu dacewa, kazalika da matasan kumquat tare da Mandarin. Tsawan itacen da yake girma a cikin daki zai iya isa 1.5 m, wanda ke nufin cewa don ci gaba ta al'ada yana buƙatar babban akwati. Masu furanni sukan zabi iri iri iri iri kamar haka: "Nagami" ('ya'yan itace mai' ya'yan itace orange), "Marumi", "Maiva" ('ya'yan itace mai ban sha'awa), "IndioMandarinquat" (' ya'yan itace da kararrawa mai launin fata, ). Wadannan iri sun fi daidaito kuma basu daskare a zafin jiki na -10-12C.
Lokacin girma na kumquat a gida shine ƙarshen Afrilu, farkon watan Mayu, kuma yana da kwanaki 30-50. Tsawancin lokacin yana ƙayyade yanayin da ake tsare. Cibiyar girma tana da sau ɗaya girma, kuma saurayi yana da biyu, ba kamar sauran tsire-tsire ba. Ga kowane lokaci da shuka ƙara 6-10 cm a tsawon.
Flowering lokaci kinkana - Yuli-Agusta. Yawancin lokaci flowering yana daga kwana 5 zuwa mako, amma bayan makonni 2-3 akwai lokuta na maimaita flowering. Tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin ma'aurata, an lalata su ne a kan hanyar giciye, amma wani lokacin wani zubar da jini yana faruwa. Ya kamata a sarrafa tsarin furanni na kumquat, kamar yadda, duk da haka, da dukan sauran sassan citrus. Yawan itacen da ake ɗaukar itace itace Disamba-Janairu.
Kumquat: barin.
A lokacin zafi, kumquat yana buƙatar ya haskaka rana. A cikin hunturu, injin yana bukatar samar da haske ga hasken rana da hasken rana, don haka ana sanya tukunya tare da itace a kan taga masoya. Bugu da ƙari, yana yiwuwa a yi haske kumquat da artificially.
Mafi yawan zazzabi na kumquat a lokacin rani shine 25-30C, a cikin hunturu - 15-18C. A lokacin rani an ajiye itacen mafi kyau a waje. Ka kiyaye kinkan daga overheating a rana da kuma daga ambaliya a daren. Har ila yau, kada ka bari itacen ya bushe da kuma overheat, ta ajiye kumquat a cikin akwati da ke cike da peat, moss, sawdust ko yashi. Hakanan zaka iya buƙatar akwatin tare da shuka don rani a gonar lambu, tsabtace tukunya daga waje ko rufe shi da kowane abu mai lalata. Ƙasa daga sama an fi dacewa tare da peat, taki ko ciyawa. A lokacin lokuta na flowering, ƙuƙwalwar buds da fruiting, yana da muhimmanci a ci gaba da kumquat a zafin jiki na 15-18C. Haka zafin jiki ya zama ƙasa.
Tsarin Kumquat suna son iska mai iska. Idan iska ta bushe (musamman a hunturu), to, injin zai iya watsar da ganye. Har ila yau, ƙara haɗarin mamayewa na kwari: gizo-gizo mite da scab. Don hana bushewa, zaku iya fesa shuka tare da ruwa mai dumi kuma ku sanya tukunyar ruwa da ke kusa da itacen.
Watering kinkana ya zama daidai da na yau da kullum. A lokacin rani an shayar da itacen kullum, a cikin bazara - kowace rana, da kuma hunturu - ba fiye da sau biyu a mako ba. Ruwa don ban ruwa ya kamata ya zama m kuma ba a ƙasa ba. Watering tare da ruwan sanyi yana haifar da yellowing da fadowa ganye.
A lokacin da ciyar da kumquat, da yawa dalilai ya kamata a yi la'akari. Yawan aikace-aikace na takin mai magani ya danganta da girman tukunya da girman shuka: ƙananan tukunya kuma ya fi girma da kumquat, yawancin lokacin da ake takin. Kinkan nama mai marmari daga watan Maris zuwa Satumba an hadu sau 2-3 a wata, daga Satumba zuwa Maris - sau ɗaya a wata ko kadan kadan sau da yawa. Don taki amfani da bayani na ma'adinai da takin mai magani: narke a cikin lita na ammonium nitrate (2-3 g), sodium chloride ko gishiri (1-2 g), superphosphate mai sauki (4-6 g). Yana da kyawawan lokaci don ciyar kumquat narkar da ruwa tare da itace ash. A lokacin rani da kuma bazara shi ne mafi kyau ga magungunan ma'adinai na dabam (ba a dauke da chlorine) tare da hawan gwaninta (shanu da ruwa a cikin rabo 1: 10).
Fructose fructose kumquat ya kasance a kowace shekara 2-3 (ko ƙasa) a ƙarshen Fabrairu ko farkon Maris. Gyara itace a cikin akwati mafi girma an lalace. Amma tabbatar da cewa ba'a lalacewar asalin ƙasa ba. Tare da kowane dashi, sabunta malalewa. Sabili da haka, a gefen gangamin kwandon ya rushe gefen shards na shards, a kan su 3-4 cm na yashi mai laushi mai ƙananan sa'an nan kuma ƙwayar ƙasa. Har ila yau, wajibi ne a sake maye gurbin ƙasa a cikin tudu, ba kyale lalacewa ga asalinsu ba. Cakuda ƙasa a tsakanin ganuwar tukunya da ƙasa tasa yana karami. Transplanted kumquat ya kamata a zuba yalwa, sanya shi a cikin wani shaded wuri na 10-15 days kuma yafa masa da kambi a kowace rana.
Don kumquat, cakuda turfy ground, tsarin gona lambu mai laushi, yatsa mai laushi, takarda humus ko taki da aka sake dasa shi ya dace (2: 1: 0.5: 1). Kinkans da yawa suna bukatar ƙasa mai yawa fiye da matasa, wato, a gare su yawan adadin gonar da turf yana karuwa da 1.5-2 sau.
Wadannan lambun itatuwa suna yadawa ta tsaba, yadudduka, cuttings da grafting.