Ciwon daji na ƙwayar cuta shine ƙaddamarwa mafi kyau na tsarin haihuwa a duniya; shi ne na biyu mafi yawanci a cikin mata bayan ciwon nono. Ana samun sau da yawa cikin mata daga shekaru 45 zuwa 50, amma kuma yana iya faruwa a matashi. Yawanci ya fi girma a kasashe masu tasowa. Alal misali, a Indiya, ciwon sankarar mahaifa shine mafi yawan mutuwar mata tsakanin shekaru 35 zuwa 45. A cikin Rasha, yawan abin da ke faruwa ya kai kimanin 11 a kowace 100,000. Sanin asibiti na ciwon jijiyoyin jini - batun batun.
Tsarin cututtuka
Akwai bambance-bambance a kan abin da ke faruwa na ciwon sankarar mahaifa a cikin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewar tattalin arziki a cikin wata ƙasa guda. Alal misali, a cikin Amurka, matan baƙi suna kusan sau biyu suna fama da ciwon sankarar mahaifa fiye da matan fari, amma wannan ya nuna rashin daidaitattun rayuwa da rashin isa ga hanyoyin kiwon lafiya fiye da yadda aka riga ya kasance. A cikin binciken da aka yi a Scotland, an samu irin wannan sakamakon: daga cikin mata masu fama da rashin kuɗi, haɗarin ciwon sankarar mahaifa ya karu da uku idan aka kwatanta da mafi yawan mata.
Nau'in ciwon sankarar mahaifa
Mamancin kwayar cutar ta jiki ne mafi yawan kwayar cutar ciwon sankarar mahaifa, yana lissafin fiye da 90% na lokuta. Yana rinjayar sassan jikin epithelium wanda ke ɗaukar cervix. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu, adenocarcinoma (ƙwararriya daga epithelium secretory) ya zama na kowa. Wannan mataki ne na cutar, ba wai kwayoyin halitta ba ne, wanda ya ƙayyade sakamakon cutar don mai haƙuri.
Darajar Juyawa
A cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa, rashin lafiyar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar kwayar halitta ta ƙuƙwalwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saboda ganewa da wuri a yayin yin nazari da kuma nasarar maganin yanayin da ya dace. Binciken ba shi da tasiri a gano adenocarcinoma; watakila wannan shine daya daga cikin dalilai na karuwar haɓaka a yawan adadin wannan cuta. Ana iya gano alamun kwayar cutar a lokacin bincike na gynecology. A baya an gano ciwon daji, hakan ya fi yawan lafiyar mai haƙuri. Dalili akan ci gaba da ciwon sankarar mahaifa ba a cika shi sosai ba, duk da haka, an tabbatar da dangantaka da ɗan adam na papillomavirus (HPV). Akwai fiye da saba'in nau'in wannan cutar. Siffofin 16, 18, 31 da 33 sune marasa lafiya (suna iya haifar da mummunan ciwon tantanin halitta) kuma suna hade da ci gaban ciwon ciwon sankarar mahaifa.
Yin jima'i
Farawa na farko na jima'i, da kuma canje-canjen sau da yawa a cikin jima'i sun kara haɗarin ciwon ciwon ciwon sankarar mahaifa a nan gaba. A ƙananan microscopy kwayar cutar papilloma na mutum yana da siffar halayya. Wasu daga cikin nau'ikansa suna hade da ciwon sankarar mahaifa. Bugu da ƙari, mai yiwuwa zai fi girma idan abokin haɗin yana da dangantaka da wasu mata. An yi imanin cewa shan taba yana haɗuwa da haɗarin ƙari na ciwon ciwon sankarar mahaifa.
Immunosuppression
Mata masu fama da rashin rigakafi suna da mummunar haɗari na bunkasa ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar mahaifa (Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia - CIN). Magunguna masu karɓar maganin rigakafi, misali, don ƙwarewar koda, suna kara yawan haɗari. Kwayar cutar HIV, tare da maye gurbin tsarin yaduwar cutar, yana kara yawan samuwa da cutar. An sani cewa ciwon ciwon kwakwalwa an riga an riga an wuce shi daga canjin da ya faru a cikin mucosa. A wannan mataki, ƙwararren ilimin lissafi a cikin kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa na cervix yana da ƙayyadaddun wuri a shafin yanar-gizon sauyawa na ectocervix (rufi na ɓangaren ƙwayar cervix) a cikin kogin mahaifa. Wadannan canje-canje za a iya canza su a cikin kwayoyin cutar idan babu magani.
Binciken farko
Canje-canjen da suka faru a cikin kwakwalwa da kuma farkon matakai na ciwon daji, wanda ke faruwa a matsayin ɓangare, an bayyana a yayin binciken kwayar cutar daga cikin kwakwalwa a yayin da ake nunawa. Ana aikawa da kwayoyin halitta wadanda suka hada da kwayoyin halitta a cikin binciken nazarin halittu (tsarin bincike na tantanin halitta). A kan wannan shiri na tarihi, kungiyoyi na sel epithelium na mahaifa suna bayyane. A lokacin nunawa, ana duba dukkan kwayoyin halitta don canji na al'ada. Lokacin da aka samo sakamakon binciken nazarin binciken kwayar cutar ta shafa, ana kiran mai haƙuri ne don ɓoye.
Colposcopy
Colposcopy jarrabawa ne na jiki da kuma farji tare da na'urar endoscopic. Hanyoyin fasahar fasaha na baka damar baka nazarin kwayar halitta a karkashin karuwa kuma ya cire gaban rayayyun neoplasms, yaduwa ko ulcers akan farfajiya. A lokacin binciken, yana yiwuwa a samar da kwayoyin biopsies don bincike. Tare da taimakon wani ɓoyayye, za ka iya haskaka ciwon daji kuma ka dubi shi a ƙarƙashin girma don ganewa canjin canji a farkon mataki. Don sanin ƙayyadaddun tsarin ƙwayar cuta, ana yin bimanual (hannaye biyu) na bincike mai zurfi ko gwaninta. A wasu lokuta, don duba adadin da yawancin tsari, nazarin ya yi a karkashin rigakafi. Ƙayyadewa na ciwon jijiyoyin mahaifa yana nuna ƙaddamar da tsarin ƙwayar cuta. Tabbatar da mataki na ciwon daji yana da mahimmanci ga zaɓin hanyar da za a jiyya da kuma maganin. Akwai matakai hudu (MV), kowannensu ya rarraba kashi biyu da b. Sakamako a da b sun kasu kashi 1 da 2. Dangane da rarrabuwa na FIGO (Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Kwayoyi da Masanan Halitta), mataki na 0 yayi daidai da canje-canjen da suka faru, kuma matakin IVb shine mafi tsanani. Matsayin da hannuwan ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma para-aortic (kewaye da) suna ƙaruwa tare da karuwa a mataki.
Cigarin ci gaba
Ciwon daji mai ciwo, iyakance ga cervix. Ciwon daji mai ciwo, ƙaddara ta hanyar microscopy. Ciwon daji ya haifar da stroma na cervix don kauri ba daga 5 mm ba kuma nisa daga ba fiye da mm 7. Ciwon daji ya haifar da stroma zuwa zurfin fiye da 3 mm da nisa ba fiye da 7 mm ba. Zurfin germination a stroma daga 3 zuwa 5 mm kuma nisa ba fiye da 7 mm. Magunguna a cikin kwakwalwa a cikin kwakwalwa ko ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ya iya ganewa fiye da mataki. Lakin da aka gani a cikin kwakwalwar ba ya fi 4 cm ba. Launi na gani a jikin mutum fiye da 4 cm. Ciwon daji ya yada bayan kwakwalwa zuwa farji ko kewaye da haɗin kai. Ciwon daji tare da yadawa bayan cervix zuwa kashi biyu cikin uku na farji. Ciwon daji tare da yadawa bayan kwakwalwa zuwa kayan haɗin ke kewaye. Ciwon daji tare da yada zuwa ganuwar gefen ƙashin ƙugu ko zuwa ƙananan ƙananan farji. Tumar yana rinjayar ƙananan ƙananan farji, amma ba ya kai zuwa ganuwar gefen ƙashin ƙugu. Ciwon daji tare da yada zuwa ganuwar gefen ƙashin ƙugu ko ureters. Ciwon daji tare da yada bayan ƙashin ƙugu ko ƙaddamar da mafitsara da / ko madaidaici. Ciwon daji tare da yada zuwa gabobi masu makwabta
Cervical
Magunin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta jiki yana dace da wani mataki mai tsanani na ciwon ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta jiki (CIN). CIN an rarraba bisa ga zurfin yaduwar tsarin ciwon sukari a cikin epithelium, kuma ta hanyar digiri na kwayoyin tumo:
• CIN I - canje-canje bazai ɗauki fiye da 1/3 na kauri na launi na apithelial;
• CIN II - canje-canje ya ɗauki 1/2 da kauri daga cikin farfajiyar epithelial;
• CIN III - rinjayar dukan kauri na epithelium.
Lokacin da kwayoyin da ke dauke da kwayar halitta sunadare da ƙananan fata na epithelium, suna magana game da sauyawa na rigakafi don ciwon daji. A kashi 20 cikin dari na dukkan marasa lafiya tare da CIN III, idan babu magani a cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa, ciwon jijiyoyin mahaifa na tasowa.