Fure furanni cyclamens, kula da abin da ba wuya, farantawa da flowering daga marigayi kaka zuwa spring. Farin furanni na launuka daban-daban sunyi kama da butterflies da ke tashi a kan shuka. Bar a ciki yana da m, a kan dogon petioles, kore tare da siffofi masu launin toka, girma a kan wani tuber da aka yi a cikin ɗita tare da diamita na har zuwa 15 centimeters.
Akwai ra'ayi cewa furannin cyclamen na cikin gida suna da wuya a yi girma a daki. Wannan ba gaskiya bane. Tare da cyclamen, karɓa daga aboki, ba za a sami babban matsala ba. Amma tsire-tsire da aka sayo a cikin shagon, zama cikin dakin da wahala. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kafin wannan cyclamen furanni girma a cikin sanyi greenhouses. Bayan sayen, sun yi amfani da iska mai dumi na gidajenmu da gidajenmu na dogon lokaci. Amma, idan kun sanya dan ƙarami, tare da mai kyau cyclamen zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 25! Nau'i biyu na cyclamens suna horar da su cikin dakin: Cyclamen Persian da Cyclamen Turai. Duk da irin wannan suna, sun bambanta da juna a yanayin bayyanar da girma.
Turai Cyclamen
Daga Cyclamen na Persia ya bambanta da cewa yana da ƙananan tuber tare da tsarrai, ganye suna da ƙananan kasa. Yana daidai ne a kan windowsills a zafin jiki na +18 - +20 digiri da bushe iska, a cikin penumbra. Mafi kyaun ƙasa a cakuda: sod, ƙasa mai laushi, humus, peat, yashi (2: 2: 2: 2: 1). Ruwa wannan cyclamen daga tarkon da ruwa mai sanyi (digiri 3-4 a ƙasa da zafin jiki), a lokacin rani da alheri, a cikin hunturu ba shi da yawa. Wannan jinsin ba shi da lokutan hutawa, lokacin hunturu zai iya rasa wasu ganye, amma a cikin sabbin ruhohi zasu yi girma - tsire-tsire za su yi fure. Yi amfani da shi da tubers, wanda za'a iya raba shi a lokacin dasawa, ko ta rabuwa da tsire-tsire. Suna fada barci gaba daya tare da ƙasa. Tsaba yawanci ba a yada su ba.
Cyclamen Persian
Cikin ciki flower cyclamen Persian propagated by tsaba. An sayo su a cikin shagon ko samuwa ta hanyar pollination artificial. Don yin wannan, canja wurin pollen tare da goga mai laushi daga furen tsire guda zuwa gurbin wani, sake maimaita wannan fasaha don aminci 2 zuwa sau 3. Mafi kyawun lokacin zabe shine safiya. Tsaba za su yi ripari cikin watanni 3 - 4. Suna tattarawa, tsabtace nan da nan sai su shuka, kamar yadda suke da sauri su rasa germination.
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin kwano tare da cakuda ganye a ƙasa tare da yashi (4: 1), kwance cikin ramuka daya bayan daya. A kasan kwano ya sa ramuka don malalewa - lamban ruwa mai yawa. Zurfin mai zurfi shine 0.5 - 0.7 cm, tsari shine 1x1 cm ko 2x2, an rufe shi da takarda. Shayar da takarda, ba kyale bushewa na ƙasa ba. Takarda tana kare amfanin gona daga karamin da bayyanar gashinsa akan shi. Hanyoyi suna bayyana a ranar 25th - 30th a zafin jiki na +18 - +20 digiri (a cikin duhu). Lokacin da sprouts ya bayyana, ana tura faranti zuwa haske, an cire takarda, amma ana kiyaye su daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Sanya hankali daga sirinji, ƙoƙarin ruwa a ƙasa, ba tsire-tsire ba. Amma a kowace harka ganye ya bushe da dare. Bayan makonni biyu, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da bayani na ammonium sulfate (2 g da lita). Kuma bayan kwanaki 10 - potassium nitrate (1 g da lita na ruwa). Bayan 1.5 watanni da seedlings riga da 2 zuwa 3 ganye. Suna dived bisa ga makirci na 3x3 cm, an nodules suna rufe ƙasa.
Tafiya don kula da cyclamen
A lokacin rani, ana iya ɗaukar furannin cyclamen na cikin gida zuwa ga greenhouse. Kula da su dole ne a gudanar bisa ga wasu dokoki. Duniya a lokacin watering ba za a iya zubar da ruwa ba, in ba haka ba sai sprouts za su mutu kuma su mutu. Cyclamens ana ciyar da su kullum tare da jiko na mullein (1:20) ko cikakken ma'adinai taki (1 g da lita). A yanayin zafi mai zafi, ana yaduwa seedlings 3 zuwa 4 sau a rana tare da sirinji ko furewa, inuwa tare da murfin kayan, da iska. A watan Satumba, ana kawo tsirrai a cikin dakin kuma sun nutse tsawon nisa (5 - 6 cm), a wannan lokaci sun kasance sun zama 5 zuwa 6 ganye. Za'a iya shigar da tebur da seedlings a kan shiryayye da aka dakatar a kusa da panes. A cikin hunturu sun fi dadi a zafin jiki na +10 - +12 digiri. An kashe shi da kyau.
Bayan watanni 3-4 bayan ƙuƙumma na biyu, an dasa tsire-tsire a cikin tukunya tare da diamita na 9 cm a cikin cakuda peat, ƙasa mai laushi, humus, yashi (2: 1: 1: 1), ba da tuber gaba ɗaya ba, amma 2/3 kawai na tsawo. Cyclamens girma mafi kyau a cikin tukwane masu kyau (rabo daga tsawo zuwa nisa 0.6: 1). Don rani, tukwane da matasa cyclamen ya kamata ya kamata a kawo su ga greenhouse. Ƙarshen karshe, a cikin tukwane da diamita na 15 - 17 cm, an yi a watan Yuli, da zubar da tuber ta rabi. A baya don saki tuber daga ƙasa, da sauri zai kara girma da kuma fure. Idan an rufe shi da ƙasa, zai ciwo. A lokacin rani, ana ciyar da cyclamens tare da jiko na naman alade (1:10) ko cike da ma'adinai (3 - 5 g da lita) kowane mako biyu.
Kula da cyclamens a lokacin kaka
A watan Agustan, za a fara jin daɗin furanni na cikin gida na cyclamens, ba tare da rufe hotbed har ma da dare. Ƙananan yanayin zafi da rani na ƙarfafa kara da tuber. Ba a sake yin amfani da ƙwayar tsire-tsire ba: tuber na iya rusawa. Cire launin rawaya da kuma buds wanda zai iya bayyana, kuma ganye mai kyau ya lanƙusa ƙasa zuwa tuber yana cikin rana. A watan Satumba-Oktoba (dangane da yankin), kafin a fara sanyi, an kawo cyclamen a cikin dakin da zazzabi na +10 - +12 digiri (za a iya sanya a tsakanin sassan). Ya kamata wuri ya zama haske. Ruwa shi da ruwa game da digiri 12. Ruwa ya kamata ba ta kai ga zuciyar tuber ba, don haka ba zai lalace ba. A watan Nuwamba, cyclamen blooms da blooms 2 - 2.5 watanni.
Kayan aiki na nasara
Babban yanayin ci gaba ga cigaban cyclamen Persian shine abun sanyi mai sanyi (+10 - +15 digiri). Na biyu yanayin shine tsarin ruwa. An shayar da Cyclamen kawai kamar yadda kasan duniya ya bushe tare da gefen tukunya. Yi wannan a hankali, tare da ruwa mai laushi, ƙoƙari kada ku jijiyar da buds da kuma tip daga kara inda inda ake ci gaba. Ruwan ruwa mai zurfi daga kwanon rufi ya shafe. Rotted rot da buds cire, pinching kashe tuber kanta. Wadannan wurare suna yayyafa da ƙura. Daga cikin kwari don cyclamen, aphids da cyclamen mites suna kawo hadari. Cutar da aphids da gurasar taba (40 g na ƙurar taba da 5 grams na sabin wanki da lita 1 na ruwa). Kuma daga mite - jiko na albasa peeled (20 g da 1 lita, nace kwanaki 2).
Kula da cyclamens bayan flowering
Bayan flowering, watering an rage hankali, amma bai tsaya ba. A watan Yuni, lokacin da ganye suka bushe, ana sanya tukwane da tsire-tsire a kan ganga a wuri mai sanyi. A watan Agustan, lokacin da tuber ya sasanta sabbin furanni, an dasa shi a cikin tukunyar ƙasa (ƙasa mai laushi, humus, peat da yashi 3: 1: 1: 1) tare da adadin ƙwayoyin gawayi. Lokacin da aka dasa dashi an lalata tushen saɓo, yin magudi mai kyau, ana binne tubers a 2/3 na tsawo. Irin wannan shuki yana kare yanayin ci gaba daga lalata kuma yana karfafa kwalliyar flower buds. Furen furanni na cyclamen yana da muhimmanci. Idan ka bi duk shawarwarin, waɗannan furanni zasu faranta rai da dogon lokaci.