Ƙasa
Ƙasa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar shuka. Mun gode wa microflora na kasar gona da kayan aiki da kuma ma'adinai na shigar da shi, ana cigaba da canzawa. Tsarinsa yana canje-canje, ikon yin riƙe da danshi. Dole a dauki ƙasa a matsayin abu marar rai, amma a matsayin kwayoyin halitta. Abubuwan mallakar ƙasa sun danganta ne akan rassan da aka samo shi, daga kwayoyin, fungi da dabbobin da ke taimakawa wajen maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta wanda ya shiga cikin ita, daga ciyayi akan shi, kuma daga yanayin damuwa.
Kayan lambu iri-iri da furanni na gida suna sanya takamaiman abubuwan da ake buƙata ga dukiya da halayen ƙasa. Wasu furanni suna girma da kuma inganta inganci akan kasa ba tare da kyawawan halaye ba. Kuma wasu, tare da mafi rinjaye, sunyi buƙatun gaske a ƙasa. Don amfanin gona na furanni, ƙasa mai laushi mai nauyi, wanda, bayan ruwan sama ko watering, ruwa ya jinkirta na dogon lokaci, ba su dace ba tare da ingantaccen farko ba. Kuma kuma sanyi, yashi da dutsen kasa, inda yashi da duwatsu suke.
Majalisa don kulawa da furanni: Tabbatar cewa a kan sassauta ƙasa. Rashin gyaran ƙasa yana taimakawa kula da danshi. Domin mafi alhẽri, yanayin sunadaran sunadaran sunadarai, tsarin mulkin ruwa ya inganta kuma abun ciki na microorganisms yana ƙaruwa da yawa. Har ila yau, sassauci yana rinjayar ruwa, iska da kuma tsarin thermal. Noma na noma yana taimakawa wajen tsara tsarin aiki na kwayoyin halitta, wanda wajibi ne don sauya kayan abinci a cikin abubuwa masu tsire-tsire.
Da takin mai magani
Ma'adinai da takin gargajiya, dauke da ɗaya ko fiye da kayan gina jiki a babban taro, ya sa ya yiwu a inganta ƙwayar ƙasa sosai da sauri. Sabili da haka, taimakawa wajen bunkasa launuka na gida. Ainihin, ma'adinai na ma'adanai suna da sauƙi, haɗe, hadaddun da kuma mayar da hankali. Daya daga cikin amfanin amfanin gona na ma'adinai shi ne cewa ya fi dacewa da safarar su kuma ya fi sauƙin gabatarwa cikin ƙasa fiye da kwayoyin halitta.
Nitric takin mai magani amfani ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate da urea. Ammonium nitrate ya ƙunshi 33-34% nitrogen, don haka yana nufin mayar da takin mai magani. An gabatar da shi a cikin ƙasa, yana rushe sosai sauƙi kuma yana aiki da sauri. Ya kusan ba zai canza yanayin ƙasa ba, sabili da haka ana amfani da ita don haɗuwa da dukkanin ƙasa da ƙasa mai tsaka tsaki da ƙasa mai rauni. Amon sulphate yana narkewa cikin ruwa. Ya ƙunshi kimanin 20% nitrogen. A ci gaba da amfani da ammonium sulfate, musamman ma a cikin ƙasa kasa, take kaiwa zuwa ga murmushi. Sabili da haka, idan ka lura cewa acidity na ƙasa ya taso, yalwata ko cin nama ya kamata a kara shi. Ko takin a hade tare da wasu ma'adinai na ma'adinai da suke neutralize da cutarwa sakamakon ammonium sulfate. Bugu da žari na ammonium sulfate tare da taki kuma yana hana yaduwar ƙasa. Urea (carbamide) ita ce mafi yawan ƙwayar nitrogen. Ya ƙunshi 46% nitrogen.
Fakin takin phosphate . Mafi sau da yawa, a lokacin da ake bunkasa launuka masu launin gida, ana amfani dashi mai amfani da furotin da granulated. Cikakken dabbar da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin jiki shi ne tasirin mai sauri da bambanta dangane da abun ciki na phosphorus. Cikakken gine-gine ta tsakiya ya ƙunshi 20-22% phosphorus kuma yana da kyawawan kayan jiki fiye da phosphorus. Saboda haka, lokacin da ake ciyar da furen gida ya kamata a ba shi fifiko. Bone gari ya ƙunshi 29-34% phosphorus, 1.2-1.7% nitrogen kuma har zuwa 45% alli (limestone). An yi amfani da shi don takin kasa. Kwanan nan, ya zama ƙasa da amfani. Potassium chloride, potassium sulfate da kayan lambu ash sune mafi muhimmanci potassium da takin mai magani domin girma furanni. Potassium chloride ya ƙunshi 54-62.5% na potassium. Wasu furanni iri iri basu yarda da potassium chloride ba, tun da sun karu da hankali ga ions na chlorine a cikin ƙasa. Potassium sulphate ya ƙunshi 45 zuwa 52% potassium. Kayan lambu ash yana dauke da nau'in potassium, wanda ya bambanta tsakanin 20 zuwa 30% dangane da tsire-tsire daga abin da aka samo shi. Abubuwan da ke cikin potassium sun dogara da nauyin konewa na shuke-shuke: mafi kyawun sun ƙone, mafi girman abun ciki na potassium. Bugu da ƙari, yana dogara ne akan hanyar da aka adana ash. Yanke kwance a ruwan sama ba su da talauci a cikin potassium.
Dafaran takin mai magani sun fi dacewa da tsire-tsire. Amma suna iya ƙunshi rashin wasu alamomi. Saboda haka, ana amfani da takin gargajiya ne tare da ma'adinai na ma'adinai. Da takin mai magani sun hada da takin gargajiya, kayan lambu, peat da shirye-shiryen da ke kan shi. Za'a iya amfani da wani kwayoyin: sunyi ganye, allura, sapropel, da dai sauransu.
Mene ne taki don? Microelements dauke da takin mai magani suna da mahimmanci don ci gaba da bunƙasa tsire-tsire. Tare da ainihin kayan gina jiki (nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium), furanni na gida yana buƙatar sauran abubuwan gina jiki. Irin su: boron, bromine, chlorine, aluminum, iron, iodine, silicon, magnesium, jan karfe, molybdenum, sodium, sulfur, zinc. Ana buƙatar su a cikin ƙananan ƙananan yawa waɗanda basu kula da aikace-aikacen takin mai magani ba.
Ƙungiyar kula da furanni: Lokacin da aka gabatar da takin mai magani daban-daban, kana bukatar ka san dokoki don haɗuwa da su. Idan hadawa ba daidai ba ne, an samu sakamako mai banƙyama, tun lokacin da mahaukaci marasa mahimmanci sun bayyana, wanda zai rage tasirin abubuwan mutum. Alal misali, ba a bada shawara don haɗuwa da superphosphate tare da ƙwayoyin nitrate. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don amfani da takin mai magani a shirye-shirye a cikin kyan gani mai kyau, wanda aka tsara don wasu nau'ikan furanni. Duk da haka, wannan wani tsada mai tsada, musamman ma lokacin girma da yawan furanni. Bugu da ƙari, da yawa ya dogara da acidity na ƙasa, da abun da ke ciki da daidaito.
Ana shirya cakuda ƙasa don dasa furanni gida
Abu na farko da kake buƙatar sanin lokacin da furanni da aka yi da furanni shine tushen tushen tsire-tsire suna tasowa a karamin ƙaramin ƙasa. Saboda haka, kasar gona dole ne mai arziki a cikin kayan abinci da kwayoyin. Bugu da ƙari, ku ma kuna bukatar sanin furancin tukunya a kowane lokaci yana ba da umarni mafi girma a ƙasa fiye da furanni girma a cikin ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci, don cikin furanni da na fure-furen girma a cikin tukwane ko a kan kwando, an hade da haɗin gine-gine na gonar lambu don la'akari da halaye da bukatun wasu nau'ukan launuka na gida. Zai yiwu a lura da waɗannan muhimman wurare masu mahimmanci na gonar lambu da maɓallin mutum: ƙasa mai laushi, ƙasa mai laushi, ƙasa mai laushi, gine-gine (humus) ƙasar, ƙasar heath, filin lambu, ƙasa mai laushi, haushi barkan, perlite, kogin yashi, gansakuka, da sauransu.
Kasashen ƙasar sodata suna da muhimmiyar mahimmanci a matsayin bangaren da ke shiga kusan dukkanin nau'in haɓakar ƙasa. Dangane da yawan adadin tsire-tsire a cikin bishiyoyi, yana da laushi da wadata a cikin kayan abinci, amma yana da sauki ga compaction. Leafy ƙasa yana haske, sako-sako da kuma quite arziki a cikin na gina jiki. An samo shi sakamakon sakamakon pereprevaniya auku ganye na coniferous da bishiyoyi deciduous. Ana amfani dashi a cikin floriculture, musamman don girma shuke-shuke da ba su jure wa taki. Ƙasar leafy a cikin cakuda da turf ƙasa yana dace da girma yawancin furanni. Haka kuma ya dace da shuka wasu tsaba, irin su tsaba na begonia, gloxinia. A cikin cakuda da peat ƙasa da yashi, shi gaba daya maye gurbin ƙasar tabbatacce. Kasashen Leafy, wanda aka karɓa daga gandun daji na coniferous, yana da karfin acid, don haka an yi amfani da shi a cikin noma azalea, anthurium. Tsayawa daga ganyen poplar, Willow, itacen oak da sauran itatuwan suna da talauci mara kyau, saboda haka kada a yi amfani dashi. Peatland shine haske, sako-sako da lada-cinyewa. An samo shi sakamakon sakamakon lalacewa na kullun da ake amfani dasu don inganta halayen wasu nau'ikan ƙasar. Yawancin abincin da ba shi da amfani ba shi da kyau sosai. Gabatar da peat cikin ƙasa yana kara yawan acidity.
Kasashen Greenhouse shi ne cakuda da aka shuka gaba ɗaya, ana amfani dashi don yayi zafi greenhouses, kuma ya zuba a cikinta ƙasar da aka shuka seedlings. Gidajen ganyayyaki yana da tsalle, kamar takin, kuma bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci an shirya don amfani. Yana inganta dabi'un jiki da sunadarai na hadewar ƙasa, ana iya amfani dasu don takin bude ƙasa. Kasashen ƙasar Heather suna haske da sako-sako, masu arziki a cikin abubuwan gina jiki. An samo shi sakamakon sakamakon rotting wasu tsire-tsire na iyalin Vereskov. Tun da yake yana da wuya a karɓa, yana da tsada sosai. Ana iya maye gurbin shi gaba daya ta cakuda sassa hudu na peat, sassa biyu na ƙasa ganye da ɓangare na yashi. An cire ƙasar gona daga shafukan da aka dasa tsire-tsire a gonar, wanda aka yi amfani da su da takin mai magani da kuma ma'adinai. An girbe shi a kaka bayan girbi, kuma ana amfani da shi ne kawai arable. An samo asalin ƙasa daga itace mai laushi, tsummoki, knots, shavings itace da itace ƙura daga tsohuwar itace toka. A cikin dukiyarsa, yana kusa da leaflet, amma an yi amfani da ita sau da yawa, saboda yana haifar da karuwa a cikin acidity. Ya dace da girma kochids, ferns da wakilan iyali Bromelgea. Kwanan nan, masu sayar da kayayyaki sun sayar da ƙasa, " tsirrai " daga tsutsotsi na California .
Ƙungiyar kulawa da furanni: ƙara a ƙasa kafin dasa shuki gawayi. A kananan adadin crushed gawayi absorbs wuce haddi danshi daga ƙasa. Bayan haka, tare da kasawa mai laushi, ya ba shi baya, don haka yana kare ƙasa daga murmushi.
Daga duk jerin sunayen gonannun gonaki da mabubburai a cikin tsabta kawai ganye, ana amfani da heather da peat don shuka kananan tsaba (begonia, gloxinia). Kuma yashi da kuma perlite - don shafe cuttings na wasu irin gida launuka. Idan ka amince da mai sana'a, zaka iya sayan kayan haɓaka ƙasa. Duk da haka, tare da yawancin furanni girma, sayan ba ya da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, wasu masana'antun ba su bi da nau'i na takin mai magani na ma'adinai ba, wanda hakan yana rinjayar cigaban girma na launuka na gida. Kuma ga wani cakuda mai yalwa da aka shirya ta hannayen hannu, zaku iya zaku!
Yadda zaka canza gidan furanni
Ana tsire tsire-tsire kamar haka. Gwargwadon bukatun jinsunan, shirya nau'i mai dacewa daga wasu nau'in gona na gona, wanda aka shafe shi har zuwa wannan har ya ɓace lokacin da aka matsa a hannun. Don tabbatar da tsabta mai kyau a cikin tukwane, amfani da shards da yashi m. A cikin tasoshin inda za'a sa su, za'ayi magudi a hanyar da ta biyowa: a kan rami mai zurfi a kasa na tukunya da aka sanya crock tare da haɗari a gefen sama har zuwa wannan matakin an yayyafa yashi mai yayyafi yashi.
Tare da tsinkar da ba ta cika ba tare da itace mai nunawa, cire hankali da cire fuska daga ƙasa, kuma ƙasa a kusa da tushen yana dan kadan ya kakkarya kuma ya fitar da shi daga wani tukunyar tukunya. An tsaftace tsohon magunguna. Idan akwai tushen lalacewa a cikin furanni, to, an yanke su zuwa kyamaran rayuwa. A kan mai tsabta da aka shirya a cikin tukunya, a zubar da ƙasa mai gina jiki, sa'an nan kuma dasa shi a tsakiyar jirgin ruwa don cewa gilashin tushen shine 1 cm a kasa da gefen tukunyar. Idan wuyansa yana sama da saman gefen jirgi, to an cire tsire kuma an cire ɓangare na zubar da ƙasa. Idan yana da ƙasa sosai, to, ƙara ƙasa. Hanya tsakanin clod da bango na tukunya yana cike da ƙasa mai gina jiki, kuma an kunna shi sau da yawa tare da yatsan hannuwan biyu kuma an kara sabon adadin ƙasa. Idan an canja shuka a cikin jirgin ruwa mai girma, to sai an kama ƙasa tare da takarda mai nuna dan kadan. Ruwa da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba su cika da ƙasa zuwa saman ba, don haka za'a iya shayarwa. An shayar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire kuma suna cike da dumi, wasu ɗakunan shaded da iska mai iska, inda suke a cikin lokacin da ake sawa, lokacin da aka ba da shawarar da za a shayar da su akai akai tare da ruwa.
Lokacin da yawancin tsire-tsire iri iri, ana amfani da su. Harkatawa hanya ce da ke kusa da dasawa, wanda dole ne a yi amfani da shi sau da yawa a lokacin kara girma dangane da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, don su zama masu karfi, da ci gaba. Bambanci tsakanin dasawa da sassaukarwa ita ce idan a lokacin dasawa mafi girma ko karami na duniya, kuma a wani lokaci wani ɓangare na asalinsu, dole ne a cire, to, a lokacin da ake saran rufin ƙasa da asalinsu ya kasance ba tare da dadewa ba kuma an canja shi zuwa sabon jirgin ruwa. Dabarar furen furanni iri ɗaya ne kamar yadda aka tsara. Bayan tayar da hankali, ana kiyaye tsire-tsire a cikin yanayin kamar yadda suka kasance a baya, kuma kawai tare da wata rana mai karfi suna pritenyayut
Ƙungiyar kulawa da furanni: Ta hanyar tayar da hankali, har zuwa wani matsayi, yana yiwuwa a tsara lokacin flowering na tsire-tsire. Tare da mafi yawan adadin kayan da aka yi, alamar raguwa, kuma a karami - accelerates. Ƙara yawan adadin abubuwan da ke tattare da shi yana haifar da samar da tsire-tsire masu karfi.
Mun gode wa mahimman bayani don kulawa da launuka na gida, za ku iya girma sosai da tsire-tsire masu tsami. Idan an shuka furanni ba daidai ba, to, daga kulawa mai zurfi za a yi kaɗan.