Takin.
Peat yana daya daga cikin shafukan da aka fi sani a gida. Amma dukiyarta tana ragewa a kowace shekara, kuma farashin suna tasowa. A wannan haɗin, wajibi ne don bincika analogues masu tsada. Wata hanya ta magance matsalar ita ce amfani da wasu kayan aikin kayan. Alal misali - takin. Mafarin furanni daga takin ba zai iya maye gurbin peat ba. Amma wannan bai buƙata ba. Tare da takin, zaka iya rage gilashin peat da kashi 20%. Kuma sabili da haka, a daidai lokacin da ake amfani da kuɗin da ake amfani da su, ya inganta yanayin da ake shuka amfanin gona.
Bugu da ƙari, na tanadi na kudi, yin amfani da maɓallin daga takin yana warware matsalolin da yawa ga mazauna rani da masu gida. Alal misali, yana taimakawa wajen fitar da kayan sharar gida a kan shafin tare da amfani ga harkokin kasuwancin da ilimin kimiyya. Takin da ba tare da ƙarin farashi yana tabbatar da canja wurin ciyawa ba, ganye da yawa, rassan kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka yanka a cikin yanka kuma yada su a cikin wata hanyar da za ta iya amfani da tsire-tsire a nan gaba.
Bugu da ƙari na takin yana da tasiri mai amfani a kan sinadarai da kuma kayan jiki na kayan da ake yi wa tukunya da kwalliyar. An aiwatar da shirinsa tare da aikin microorganisms masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, wadanda suke rarraba abubuwa masu rikitarwa cikin sauki. Wadannan halayen redox sun dogara ne akan yanayin muhalli mara kyau, kamar zafin jiki da kuma kasancewar oxygen, don haka suna da wuya a sarrafa.
Idan babu yiwuwar ko so yin takin, zaka iya sayan shirye. Alal misali, takin, wanda ya samu sakamakon sakamakon tsutsotsi, musamman ma tsutsarar fata na California. Vermicompost da aka samu tare da taimakon tsutsotsi, ba kamar saba ba, ya fi daidaituwa cikin abun da ke ciki kuma yana "shirya" da sauri. Kungiyar masana kimiyya a Jami'ar Ohio (Amurka) ta tabbatar da cewa vermicompost yana tasiri sosai akan ci gaban shuke-shuke, musamman furannin flower. A ƙarƙashin rinjayarsa, kwayar halitta tana ƙaruwa, ingancin inganta. Ana nuna alamar furen furanni har ma bayan yawon shakatawa. Ana samun sakamako mai kyau ta ƙara 10-20% vermicompost zuwa ga substrate. A lokaci guda, babu buƙatar takin furanni a gida tare da takin mai magani.
Wannan aikin za a iya bayyana ta karin kayan abinci gabatar da vermicompost. Tsire-tsire a kan madauri tare da vermicompost da ke ci gaba da ingantawa fiye da kan matakan ba tare da shi ba, amma tare da irin matakan na gina jiki. Bugu da ƙari, sakamakon yana ɓacewa lokacin da ya rage vermicompost kuma ba a mayar da ita ba tare da ƙarin ƙarin batura.
Clay.
Clay ne mai yaduwar filastik. An yi amfani dashi a cikin potassium-substrate substrates, kodayake wannan ba shine mafi kyawun kayan da za a yi amfani ba. Clay yana da ƙarfi sosai, yana da wahala a rarraba shi a cikin cakuda. Sabili da haka, yumɓu mai yumɓu shine ƙasa kuma kawai sai gauraye da ƙwallon baki mai tsabta don hana jinginar sa. An yi amfani da wannan samfurin ƙaddamar da ƙwayar ƙasa don cyclamen, kananan-flowered chrysanthemums, da dai sauransu. Clay na riƙe da ruwa da kyau kuma ya inganta karfinta. Lokacin da kawai aka kara kashi 5% na yumbu, an sha ruwan sha. Amma yayin da yake sha ruwan da ba ruwa ba fiye da cakuda peat.
Clay yana da cajin dan kadan, sabili da haka, tare da kayan hawan ma'adinai, yana tallafawa ions na ammonium, potassium, alli, phosphorus. Wadannan abubuwa basu kusan wankewa da ruwa kuma ana amfani da su a hankali, kamar yadda ya cancanta. Amma wajibi ne muyi la'akari da cewa akwai nau'o'in yumbu da ake bukata don amfanin gona.
Kayan shafawa.
Kwayoyin filasta suna inganta yanayin ƙwayar murya na launuka don launuka da kuma ikon iya sha ruwa. Bugu da ƙari da ƙwayoyi na kwakwa yana da tasiri mai kyau a kusan dukkanin gonar furen da aka gwada. Na farko, bambanci a cikin shayarwa na babba da ƙananan Layer na madauri a cikin tukunyar fure-fure, wanda hakan ya shafi rinjayar tushen - an rarraba su a ko'ina cikin ƙara. Abu na biyu, ci gaba da tsire-tsire suna ci gaba saboda kusantuwa na tushen asali tare da madara mai sauƙi, har ma da ingancin kwayoyi (a cikin karshen ɗakin na sama ya bushe sauri, wato, samari suna cikin shi). Abu na uku, saboda kyakkyawan sakamako na capillary, bushewa daga cikin babba na sama yana ragewa sosai. A sakamakon haka, mai tushe ya fi gyara a cikin ƙasa. Hudu, yana da sauƙi don shayarwa daban-daban substrates, har ma da-dried peat, wanda taimaka wajen shuka ingancin furanni. Tare da rashin yiwuwar wateringwa yau da kullum, ana amfani da ƙwayoyi na kwakwa don amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa, inda iska da rana ke bushewa ƙasa.
Kariya daga cikin magungunan daga pathogenic microorganisms.
Rashin ci gaban cututtukan cututtuka a cikin tsarin marasa amfani tare da taimakon gabatarwar kwayoyin halitta shine sabon jagorancin kayan lambu na tsire-tsire a kan magungunan wucin gadi, alal misali, a kan ulu mai ma'adinai. Dole ne a yi la'akari da yawan ƙwayar floriculture. Duk da haka, wasu cututtuka na tushen sau da yawa sukan faru ko da an tabbatar da dukan yanayin furanni. Alal misali, Pythium da Phytoftora suna da kyau ga yanayin yanayin hydroponics kuma sunyi girma a kan matakan da ba su da tushe. Yawancin lokaci ana iya kiyaye su ta hanyar maganin cututtuka, gyare-gyare, amma wannan yana da tasiri kawai a matsayin ma'auni m.
A yau an mayar da hankali sosai ga microflora na musamman, wanda ke shafe abubuwa masu rarrafe na pathogenic. A cikin ɗakunan ajiya na musamman zaka iya siyan ko yin amfani da kwayoyi da ke fama da cututtuka masu yawa na shuke-shuke. Kuma haɗuwa da kwayoyin halitta daban-daban sun fi tasiri fiye da amfani da nau'i guda. Har ila yau, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da yadda ake gabatar da kwayoyi masu guba. Idan maharan sun shiga cikin shuka ta hanyar bayani mai gina jiki, to babu amfani don yin shiri tare da microflora mai amfani akan farfajiya. Saboda haka, ko da wane irin kayan da kake amfani dasu a furanni a gida, kana buƙatar samun ƙarin ilimin, karanta littattafai na musamman, da kuma tuntubar masu shuka furanni don su inganta furanni masu kyau.