Idan wani jariri na karapuzik na tsawon sa'o'i biyu a jere, ko kuma idan wani mutum mai shekaru uku ya riga ya tsufa, Mahaifiyarsa ko Baba suna furta wa junansu: "Waɗannan su ne dukan jinsin ku na iyali!" Lalle ne, kwayoyin za su yanke shawara idan ba duka ba, to, yawa. Saboda haka, launin gashin gashi, da yanke da idanu, da kundin tsarin jiki, har ma da wasu dabi'un hali, dan kadan, da son rai ko rashin sani, ya gaji. Don rinjayar wannan, da sa'a ko rashin tausayi, mutum bai iya ba tukuna (cloning mutane da tsoma baki cikin "aikin Allah" a mataki na haihuwar sabuwar rayuwa doka ta haramta). Duk da haka, akwai lokuta idan ba tare da taimakon magungunan halittu ba a bayyana bayyanar jariri mai kyau a ƙarƙashin babbar tambaya ... Saboda haka, don ziyarci "shugabannin sararin samaniya", mahaifi da uba suna da dalilai guda bakwai ...
1. Shiryawa don ciki
Yanzu da yawa matasan ma'aurata, har yanzu suna aikawa ga ofisoshin rajista, suna tsara lokaci don bayyanar da iyalin ƙananan 'ya'yan ƙauna. Kodayake lokacin wannan lokacin ya zo, iyaye da iyaye na gaba zasu damu da cewa jaririn su ta hanyar alamar Zodiac dole ne su zama Capricorn (Lion, Aquarius ...) da kuma wakilin wanda ake so - karfi ko kyau - jima'i. Game da, don ba da nazarin jini ko don tuntube da kwayoyin halitta, magana, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba zai tafi ba. Ko kuma yana tafiya, idan akwai matsala ta hanyar yin ciki ko haifa ciki. Me ya sa ofishin likitan kwayoyin halitta ya ketare? Tsorata? Kuyi imani. Duk da haka, a hakikanin gaskiya, babu wani abu mai tsoratarwa a cikin maganin kwayoyin likita, amma a cikin ku, daga yawan 'labarun' 'lalata' game da ciki, babu wata hanyar da za ta ji daɗi na musamman.
Kwararren kwayoyin halitta zaiyi ladabi, ƙayyade idan iyalinka yana cikin hadari ga cututtuka marasa lafiya, kuma ya bada shawara cewa kayi nazarin da ya kamata don hana yiwuwar kwayar halitta a cikin jariri. Ya faru cewa koda iyayen da suke da lafiya daga ra'ayi na ladabi zasu iya samun "rashin lafiya," da jariri wanda lafiyarta, zai zama alama, ba ya barazana ga wani abu, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wasu dalilai na waje, hadarin da ke faruwa tare da wani ɓarna a ciki. Sabili da haka, aikin kwarewar ba wai kawai ya tambayi iyaye game da cututtuka ba, amma kuma don gano ko akwai cutarwa masu lahani a cikin rayuwar mahaifi da iyayensu waɗanda zasu iya shafar lafiyar ɗayansu ba a ciki (alal misali, ɗaukar rediyo, aiki tare da magungunan sunadarai da sauransu), kuma don ƙayyade yiwuwar haihuwar jaririn da cutar daya ko wata. Abin takaici, iyaye masu lafiya da ke shirin yarinya har yanzu suna da wuya a magance su, kuma, a gaskiya, bisa ga medstatistiki, ko da a cikin maɗaukakiyar juna biyu, hadarin samun jariri tare da raunin ganyayyaki na chromosomal shine 5-10%. Idan iyalin ba su fada cikin wannan lambar ba, yana da ƙananan ƙananan. Kuma idan ta hits? ..
2. Ba zai yiwu ba a haifi jariri ko kuma jure wa ciki (bala'i marar lahani)
Wani lokaci ofishin jinsin ga irin wadannan iyalai shine misali na ƙarshe. Sun juya zuwa gare shi, bayan sun riga sun shiga halin da babu shakka. Tsarin tatsuniya yana da ƙarfi, kuma idan mace ba ta da 'ya'ya ba na tsawon lokaci ko kuma akwai matsala na yau da kullum, dangi ya zargi shi ... Abinda ya fi mummunan abu shine lokacin da mace kanta ta fara yarda da cewa "ba ta da damar yin jariri lafiya" kuma tana da kansa ga begen zama uwar. Sau da yawa, dukan matsalar shine cewa rashin daidaituwa a cikin jima'i (gomet da aka kafa ta hanyar haɗin mahaifiyar da mahaifiyar mahaifinsa) ya haifar da faduwa da kuma kin yarda da yarinyar fetal a lokuta masu tasowa na farko (a cikin kwanakin farko ko lokuta bayan zane). Kuma hakan bazai kasance tare da jinkirta a kowane wata kuma akwai wata alama ba ta ciki. Wasu lokuta ma'aurata zasu iya shawo kan shekarun bincike da kuma bi da rashin haihuwa ko rashin haifa ciki, ba tare da tunanin cewa ainihin dalili na duk rashin daidaito sune ainihin kwayoyin halitta. Yin shawarwari na yau da kullum a cibiyar kiwon lafiya da kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin lokacin daukar ciki zai bayyana yanayin da ya fi dacewa kuma ya taimaka wajen magance rikici. A saboda wannan dalili, iyaye masu iyaye sukan bada irin wannan gwajin jini don ƙayyade nau'in karyo. Kuma nazarin ilimin kimiyyar chromosome shine halayyar juna, saboda jaririn yana da rabin yawan chromosomes daga mahaifiyarsa, kuma na biyu - daga shugaban Kirista.
3. Shekaru na iyaye masu zuwa - 35, da popes - don 50
Ya kamata a lura cewa kodayake shekarun haihuwar matan zamani sun karu zuwa shekaru 40, kuma kalmar "tsohuwar haihuwa" ga iyaye mata da suka wuce 25 sun riga sun bar laxicon har ma likitoci da kwarewa mai yawa, lokaci na lokaci ba shi da ma'ana - ƙwayayen mace sukan tsufa. Bayan haka, sune tsofaffi daga jikin mace ta ... 4.5 watanni kuma a cikin wannan "abun da ke ciki" suna rayuwa da kuma girma a cikin jikinta a duk lokacin haihuwa. Spermatozoa ana rayarwa kowace rana 72-80. Saboda haka, ya faru cewa yarinya mai tsufa saboda shekarunsa ba koyaushe yana jimre da "alhakin" don mafi girman nau'in - haɗarin maye gurbi yana ƙaruwa da shekaru. Genetics suna aiki tare da kididdiga masu tsabta: ga 900 nau'in 'yan shekaru 25 da ke da ciwon da ke fama da cutar, a yanzu an riga an sami ciwon haifa mai shekaru 35 da haihuwa tare da irin wannan cuta, amma yana da ƙaruwa sau uku ... Amma haihuwa yana da shekaru 45 da haihuwa musamman gagarumar banza, saboda cin hanci da rashawa ya zama kowane ɗan jariri 24. Wadannan hujjoji ba su da wata mahimmanci akan sha'awar da mahaifiyarta, wadda take da shekaru 40, ta yi juna biyu kuma tana da jariri. Domin kawai don kauce wa kuskuren kuskuren, yana da kyau ya ziyarci jinsin lokaci kuma ya bi shawararsa.
4. Yanayi na hanya na ciki
Hawan ciki ya riga ya bayyana kansa ta hanyar sha biyu a cikin gwaji. Uwar ta karbi taya murna daga dangi da abokai, ta fara saka idanu game da abincinta (ta canza karin kumallo da ke dauke da kofi da wani cakulan, yoghurt da gruel daga shinkafar da ba ta da shinkafa), suna biyan mujallar mujallar ga iyaye da "tsara" a cikin shawarwarin mata. Lokacin da mahaifiyar nan gaba ta yi rajista (kuma tare da wannan yana da sauri cikin sauri a cikin mako 8-10 na ciki), masanin obstetrician-gynecologist dole ne ya tambayi mata game da cututtuka, cikiwar da ta gabata, game da ciki a yanzu. A cikin kalma, dalilai masu zuwa zasu iya jagorantar shawarar da wani likitan ilimin likitancin ya gabatar don yaron da ke gaba a gwajin kwayoyin:
♦ cututtukan da ke cikin ɗayan iyayen jaririn nan gaba;
♦ haihuwar yaron da ya riga ya ci gaba da ci gaba ko ciwon kwarewa;
♦ Shekaru na iyaye a nan gaba ta wuce 35;
♦ tasiri a kan mahallin mahaifiyar da jariri: idan mace a gaban makonni 12 na ciki ya dauki magungunan karfi ko ma abubuwan da ake ci abinci, ko barasa. Game da batun karshe, yana da kyau a kula, musamman ma idan akwai wata shawara cewa wani tunanin da ba shi da kyau ya faru ne kawai bayan jam'iyyar, inda iyayensu ko iyayensu ke ƙarƙashin jagorar.
5. Sakamako na jarrabawa
Binciken farko shi ne mafi alhẽri a wuce a baya fiye da yadda ake karɓar kalandar dan tayi, a farkon makonni 4-5. A wannan mataki, likita zai iya tabbatar da cewa tayin fetal yana samuwa, kamar yadda aka sa ran, a cikin kogin cikin mahaifa, ko kuma yana da "dislocation" maras so (akwai haɗari na ciki).
Dole ne a yi amfani da duban dan tayi na biyu a bayan makonni 11-14, lokacin da likita zai iya yin cikakken ganewar asali na wasu malformations kuma ya gano canje-canje na nuna alamun yiwuwar cututtuka na chromosomal - sannan kuma an aika mace zuwa ga kwayoyin halitta. Kwararren likita zai iya yin nazari sosai ta hanyar yin amfani da hanyar da za ta ba ka damar samo kwayoyin daga cikin mahaifa kuma daidai da ƙayyade ƙarancin ƙwayar ɗan jariri a lokacin daukar ciki (chopionic biopsy, amniocentesis). Na uku (na biyu aka shirya) duban dan tayi ne mafi kyau a mako 20-22. Wannan lokacin ya sa ya yiwu don ƙayyade ƙaura akan ci gaban fuskar jaririn, ƙaran ƙaran, da kuma gano ƙananan canje-canjen a cikin ci gaban ɓangarorin cikin ciki na tayin. Abu mafi mahimmanci a wannan mataki ba ma mahimmin ganewa ba ne, amma damar da za a bi da jaririn a cikin mahaifa ko kuma a shirya don musamman na haihuwar haihuwar, kafin a tantance ƙayyadaddun maganganun jiyya har sai ya dawo da yaron.
6. Tattaunawar gwaje-gwaje na biochemical
Idan muka tambayi iyaye masu zuwa a nan gaba abin da suke so su shafe daga ciki, tabbas duk 100% za su amsa: "Mahimman bayanai". Amma wannan, duk da cewa ba mafi kyawun ba, kalmar "yanayi mai ban sha'awa" ba za a iya soke ba, saboda wani lokacin wani gwaji ne na jini wanda ya nuna abubuwan masu ban tsoro. Abubuwan alamun yiwuwar rashin lafiya sune wasu nau'ikan furotin ƙwayar plasma, alpha-fetoprotein da gonadotropin chorionic - sunadarai na musamman wadanda aka samo su ta hanyar kwakwalwa. Lokacin da maida hankali akan wadannan sunadarai a cikin jinin mahaifiyar gaba, zai yiwu a tsammanin yiwuwar cin zarafi a cikin ci gaban tayi. Ana gudanar da nazarin waɗannan alamomi a wasu kwanakin:
♦ matakin ƙwayar plasma da kuma gonadotropin chorionic - a makonni 10-13 na gestation;
♦ Chorionic gonadotropin da alfa-fetoprotein - a makonni 16 zuwa 20. Sakamakon jinin gwajin da Mom ya ba a cikin labarun mata, je zuwa likitan ilimin likitancin mata, wanda yana da mace a duk lokacin ciki. Idan akwai dalilin damuwa da ƙarin jarrabawa, likitan likita a gidan liyafar ta gaba ko ta waya ta sanar da Uwar game da buƙatar ziyarci jinsin kwayoyin kuma ya wuce gwajin kwayoyin.
7. Matsananciyar yanayi a cututtuka na prenatal
A'a, wadannan cututtukan ... Amma su, mai banƙyama, wani lokaci ba su kewaye iyayen da ke gaba ba, amma, akasin haka, "jingina" ga jikinta ko, a yanzu a cikin jihar boye, za su fara ci gaba. Dalilin wannan - kuma kadan ya raunana ta hanyar rigakafin ciki, da kuma rashin kulawa da kamuwa da cutar, kuma kawai kamuwa da cuta, wanda babu wanda ke da rinjaye.
Wasu cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka (herpes, rubella, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis) a lokacin daukar ciki zai iya haifar da ci gaban tayin (wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake kira irin wannan cututtukan intrauterine). Yana da shawara don gudanar da gwajin gwaje-gwaje don gano kwayar cutar kafin a gane ko lokacin farkon makonni na lokacin, yayin da har yanzu yana iya hana halayensu akan jariri. Idan sakamakon ya faru a karo na biyu ko na uku - kowane zai iya kawo karshen bakin ciki.
Me yasa cututtuka masu ɓarna suna faruwa?
Genetics sun san amsar wannan tambayar. Gaskiyar ita ce, wata al'umma mai dacewa ga chromosome ita ce ta biyu. Bayan haka, bayan haɗuwa da jikokin mahaifiyata da na mahaifin jikina, hanyar aiwatar da raguwa a cikin sel tare da irin wannan nau'i na '' nau'i biyu '' 'chromosome' 'ke faruwa a kan-23 uwaye da 23 daddies. Amma ya faru cewa chromosome na uku ya danganta ɗayan biyu don "dalilai na kansu" - kuma irin wannan (kimiyya, trisomy) shi ne mai laifi na rashin lafiya na jiki. A kowane hali, maganin zamani yana da ikon gane waɗannan lahani a gaba. Kuma yana taimakawa a cikin wannan sashin gwajin kwayoyin lokacin daukar ciki. Sabõda haka, kada ku ji tsoron wannan hanyar ganewar asali - kuma ku kasance lafiya!