Alal misali, a cikin kasashen da ke da al'adun gargajiya na sha - a Faransa, Italiya, Spain - mutane da yawa suna sha gilashin giya a kowace rana don abincin dare. An kafa dogara ne. Idan mutum baya zuba gilashin dare, zai fuskanci rashin jin daɗi, zai sami wani abu da zai rasa, kuma zai yi ƙoƙarin ramawa saboda wannan lahani, alal misali a cikin mashaya. A wannan yanayin, ba cirrhosis na hanta ba, kuma, kamar yadda muke cewa, "halayyar zamantakewa." Babban abu baya dogara ne, saboda haka, amma matsalolin da ya haifar. Tsakanin rinjayar da sakamakon mummunan sakamakon - haɗin yana kaikaitacce. Saboda haka, maganin zamani ya amince da irin wannan ra'ayi: buri ba shine dalilin damuwa ba. Ana buƙatar taimako idan akwai tasiri mai kyau akan kiwon lafiya da ingancin rayuwa. " Nau'ikan dogara, alamomi na mutunci - batun batun.
Ka'idar gaskiya
Abin farin ciki shi ne mabuɗin ma'anar da ke tattare da mutanen da suke da nau'in nau'i daban-daban. Wasu suna iya tsayayya da sha'awar su don jin dadi, wasu ba sa. "Ma'anar halayyar" an bayyana ta dalilai na tunani da dalilai na lissafi. Freud ya gabatar da ra'ayoyin "ka'ida mai juyayi" da "ka'idar gaskiya" a cikin ilimin kimiyya. Bisa ga ka'idar jin dadi, an gina rayuwar jaririn: yana son samun komai gaba daya - abinci, kayan wasan kwaikwayo, hankalin mahaifiyar - kuma idan ba haka ba, ya yi kuka a kan hanyar da aka yi masa laifi. Girma, mutum ya zamantakewa, yana bin ka'idodin halayyar, yana samar da tsarin da ke ciki. Kafin mu yi ko kuma mu dauki abin da muke so, muna tunani game da sakamakon. Mutanen da suke da haɗin kansu suna da rinjaye ne da tsarin kulawa da yara: ba za su iya ƙin yarda da kansu ba, har ma sun san abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Wata mace tana ciyar da albashinta a kan tufafi masu tsada, sannan dangin ya zauna wata ɗaya a kan taliya. Wani mutum bayan aikin ya shiga gidan yanar gizon Intanet kuma ya buga "masu harbe-harben" har tsawon sa'o'i, ko da yake matarsa tana jiransa a gida, kuma akwai yiwuwar zama abin kunya. Me yasa suke yin haka? A bayyane yake, wani lamari mai mahimmanci na abubuwa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa: kwayoyin halitta, tasowa, kwakwalwar kwakwalwa. Wasu mutane basu da matukar damuwa ga rashin jin daɗi, zafi, wahala fiye da wasu. Wani yana jin tsoron dental likita har zuwa cewa ya rasa rabin hakora. Sauran yana iya ce wa kansa: "Idan ban tsaya kadan a yanzu ba, to, dole ne in jimre gajiya da yawa." Mutum ba zai iya tsayawa ba tare da taba sigari da rana ba, ɗayan ya yanke shawara ya bar shi, yana sanya shirya a kan teburin kuma bai sake taba cigaba da cigaba ba. Mutum yana so ya jira, ɗayan yana jira a hankali. Infantilism, bacewar ƙwayoyin motsin jiki na kulawa shi ne yafi yawa saboda rashin daidaituwa ga rashin daidaito da kwayoyin halitta: dopamine, serotonin, adrenaline, endorphins. "
Alcoholics da Nobel
Yawan mutanen da ke fama da asalin sunadaran (daga barasa da magungunan) sun kasance daidaito a kowane ɓangare na duniya, kimanin 10-15%. Mai dogara ne sauƙi ya sake komawa daga wani abu zuwa wani - fitar da miyagun ƙwayoyi magunguna sau da yawa ya zama giya, kuma a madadin. Kashe shan taba, da yawa sukan fara zane-zane, mai shan taba ko wasu "kayan abinci". Fidud ya bayyana wannan sakamako, yana gabatar da ra'ayi na jima'i: yaron yana samun abinci ta wurin baki da sadarwa tare da mahaifiyarta, kuma idan akwai gyara a wannan mataki na jima'i, mutum zai ji dadin duk abin da ke haɗi da baki: abinci, taba taba, chats marar iyaka. Wadannan farin ciki da mafi araha suna da tsada kuma kullum a hannunsu. Ta hanyar, daya daga cikin shafukan sunadarai na yau da kullum a duniya shine daga sukari. A cikin gwaje gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje an nuna cewa ratsan suna ƙara yawan sukari a cikin abincin abincin, zauna a kanta kuma sun rasa sha'awar wani aiki, musamman, jima'i. Tsararren sukari ya bayyana ne kawai 500 - 600 da suka wuce, kuma tun lokacin da aka yi amfani da ita ya ci gaba da girma: ƙananan Jamus suna cin kimanin kilo 34 na sukari a shekara, Amurka - 78 kg. Kuma wannan ba la'akari Sweets da buns! Dukkanin sunadaran sunadaran sakamakon sakamakon cututtukan daban-daban, daga cutar ciwon huhu don cikar lalata tsarin kulawa, tare da cututtuka masu illa a cikin kwayar cutar HIV, tarin fuka da kuma hepatitis. Dukan "farawa" sun san wannan sosai, amma sun tabbata cewa babu abin da zai faru da su wanda ya faru da maƙwabci ko masani. Akwai matsala mai kyau: "Wace ƙungiya ce ta fi dacewa game da maye gurbin? Amsa: marubutan Amurka marubuta Nobel ne. " Kuma wannan shi ne ainihin haka - matakin basira ba zai kare ku daga dogara ba. "
Risky kusanci
Ma'anar "dogara" ya bayyana a magani a kwanan nan, har ma da shan barasa aka bayyana ne kawai a tsakiyar karni na XIX. Ƙoƙarin hankali ga ƙwaƙwalwar da aka haifar a yayin da al'umma ta fara nuna godiya ga 'yancin kai da mutuntaka na mutum. Na dogon lokaci, shan giya ya zama mummunan al'ada, mai rauni, "halayyar zamantakewa." Yanzu an tabbatar da cewa wannan cuta ce ta kwakwalwa. A cikin kasashen da suka waye, masu shan giya da magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi suna bi da su kamar yadda yake tare da wasu marasa lafiya wanda cutar ta haifar da rashin rayuwa (misali, tare da masu ciwon sukari da suke ƙoƙari su dubi McDonald's). Suna da hakkoki iri ɗaya kamar sauran 'yan kungiya, kuma wannan nauyin: an gwada su don hooliganism ko don tashin hankali gida, amma ba don ganewa ba. A cikin Harkokin Harkokin Jirgin Harkokin Jirgin Sama na {asar Amirka, an tura masu shan giya zuwa LTP bisa ga buƙatun matan kuma sun bi da aikin likita. Mata za a iya fahimta. A kowane ɗayanmu akwai akalla iyali daya da ke da marigayin mijin ya maye gurbin rai ga dukkan dangi. Amma halayyar iyali bai isa ba. Ga ma'aurata, abokan tarayya, yara da abokai wanda ke yin gwagwarmayar rashin lafiyar wani mutum a kowace shekara, akwai kalmar "lalacewa", suna buƙatar taimako na zuciya. Hanya mafi kyau ga masu goyon baya shine dakatar da abin kunya da kuma yin yanayin: "Ko dai ana bi da ku, ko kuma an sake mu." Kuma to, hakika, na yanke shawarar cika. Yin maganin shan barasa da kuma shan ƙwayar magungunan ƙwayoyi ba zai yiwu ba, amma za'a iya kiyaye shi kuma sarrafawa. Misali, tare da taimakon magunguna: naltrexone da antabuse. Masu sauraron Naltrexone masu ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya masu kula da masu amfani da shi. Irin wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi yana rage sha'awar barasa, duk da haka, tasirinsa ba 100% ba ne. Abinda aka fi sani dashi - an dauki wannan abu a cikin nau'i na allunan, ko kuma "cire shi" a matsayin kambi a karkashin fata, sa'an nan kuma sakamakon zai dade. Antabus yana kange musayar barasa a matakin lokacin da barasa ya koma acetic aldehyde, wani abu mai guba wanda ya haifar da mummunar tasiri: karuwa mai yawa, tachycardia, lacrimation. Idan mai shan giya wanda yake shan abincin ya sha vodka, zai yi rashin lafiya. Duk da haka, ba duk wannan ya tsaya ba, Bugu da ƙari, yawancin masu bautar gumaka ba sa so su yi amfani da kwayoyi, don haka ana buƙatar iko daga dangi.
Tablet maimakon wani prick
Don bi da kuma rage lalacewa daga karɓar opiates a ƙasashe da dama (ciki har da a Ukraine), ana amfani da farfadowa na canzawa. A cikin asibitin likita, miyagun ƙwayoyi (methadone ko buprenorphine) an ba da syrup magani ko kwamfutar hannu sau ɗaya a rana karkashin kulawar likita. Wasu suna gudanar da hankali wajen dakatar da yin amfani da kwayoyi ta hanyar rage hankali. A kowane hali, nazarin da aka gudanar a duniya, ciki har da waɗanda WHO ke tsarawa, ya nuna cewa a ƙasashe inda aka yi amfani da farfadowa, mawuyacin halin laifuka da zamantakewar al'umma da ke amfani da kwayoyi suna ingantaccen alama, har ma farashin su akan kasuwar baƙar fata suna fadowa saboda karuwar bukatar . Abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne cewa addinar miyagun ƙwayoyi ya zama 'yan uwa na al'ada: suna aiki, an magance su ne saboda cutar HIV da hepatitis, sun yi aure kuma sun yi aure, suna tada yara. Bugu da ƙari, magani na miyagun ƙwayoyi, psychotherapy yana da matukar shahararrun - ana amfani dasu da yawa. Aikin psychotherapy shi ne ya sake dogara da sauran dabi'un, ya taimaka masa ya fahimci "gaskiya", ya koyar da kansa ya ce: "Na'am, Ina son shi, zan iya sha (prick, sniff, etc.), amma ba zan yi ba, saboda ... "Kwarewar wasu yana da matukar taimako: 25% daga cikin mambobi ne na al'ummomin masu shan giya ba su sha barasa. Hanyar psychotherapy an samu nasara sosai da kuma sauran nauyin da ba a hade ba (daga abinci, Intanit, caca). Wadanda suke cin abinci a cikin cakulan ko shan taba daya a cikin mako daya, ba a buƙatar halayyar kwakwalwa. Kwarewa ya nuna cewa buƙatar cakulan yana raguwa da sauri lokacin da rayuwar ke inganta. Zan sayar da labarin kuma zan rasa nauyi.