Kafin haihuwa
Mene ne sigina don fara aiki ba a sani ba, amma akwai dalilai masu yawa wadanda zasu shafi farawar abubuwan da zasu haifar da haihuwar tayi. Matsayin progesterone, wanda aka rufe ta hanyar mahaifa a cikin mahaifiyar mahaifiyarta, ta kai ta gaba kafin a bayarwa. Progesterone shine hormone da ke da alhakin kiyaye daukar ciki. Yana da tasiri mai dadi akan musculature mai ƙwayar mahaifa.
Hullonal sigina
Kusan ƙarshen ciki, yanayin sararin samaniya ya ragu sosai, kuma isar da iskar oxygen zuwa tayi ya ragu sosai (ƙwayar ba zata iya cika bukatun tayi girma ba). Wannan yana haifar da ƙara ƙwayar mugun kwayar adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) a cikin tsohuwar lobe na gland shine tayi. ACTH tana tayar da hanzari, wanda ke ɓoye glucocorticoids, wanda ke haifar da mummunan tasiri akan lalata kwayar cutar a cikin mahaifa. Bugu da kari, matakin estrogen da cutar ta haifar ta zama mafi girma, wadda ke tare da bayyanar da jikin tsoka na mahaɗin mahaifa don oxytocin (cikin mahaifa ya zama mafi mahimmanci ga oxytocin).
Ƙarfafawa
A hankali, halayen ƙwayar cuta a cikin ƙwayoyin tsofaffin ƙwayoyin mahaifa na mahaifa suna shafewa ta hanyar karuwa mai yawa na estrogens. Ciwon ciki fara jin ƙananan ƙwayoyin mahaifa, wanda ake kira Braxton-Hicks. Suna taimakawa wajen yalwata jinjin a cikin shiri don haihuwar yaro kuma ana kuskuren da ta kasance mace a matsayin farkon haihuwa. Bayan ƙarshen ciki, masu karɓar mahaɗin ƙwararruwar mahaifa sun kunna hypothalamus mahaifiyar mahaifi (kwakwalwa), wanda ke motsa pituitary don saki hormone oxytocin. Wannan hormone kuma yana samar da wasu tarin fuka. Yayin da yawan oxytocin ya kara, ƙwayar ta fara fara hada da prostaglandins, wanda kuma ya shiga cikin takunkumi na uterine.
Ƙarfafa ƙyama
Yayin da mahaifa ya zama mai karuwa ga oxytocin, haɓakawa da hankali sukan karu da karuwa. Hanyoyin takaddama na yau da kullum suna nuna alamar aikin. Yayinda contractions suka ƙara ƙaruwa, hanyar da aka ba da mahimmanci ta hanyar bayar da karin bayani ta haifar da karuwa a cikin kira na oxytocin, wanda hakan zai haifar da haɓaka ƙwayar hanzari. Wannan injin ya dakatar da aiki bayan bayarwa, lokacin da cervix ya daina tsayar da shi. Hanyar haihuwa ta kasu kashi uku: bude buɗewa, da fitar da tayin da haihuwar mahaifa.
Bayarwa
Zuwa ga ɗan yaron zai iya wucewa ta hanyar hanyar haihuwa, cervix da farjin ya kamata ya faɗi zuwa kimanin 10 cm a diamita. Hanyar haihuwa yana farawa tare da raunin raguwa a cikin ɓangaren sama na mahaifa. Waɗannan raguwa na farko sunyi kusan 10-30 seconds a cikin lokaci na minti 15-30. Yayin da aikin ya ci gaba, haɓaka ya zama mafi sauƙi kuma mai tsanani kuma yana tafiya zuwa ƙananan ƙwayar mahaifa. Shugaban tayin yana motsawa a kan ƙwayar mahaifa a kowane tsangwama, wanda zai taimaka wajen budewa da budewa. A wasu lokuta, kwayar amniotic da take kare tayin a lokacin daukar ciki, da kuma fitar da ruwan amniotic, ya rushe.
Ƙarawa
Wannan lokacin ƙayyadaddun lokaci shine matsayi mafi tsawo na aiki, yana kasancewa daga sa'o'i 8 zuwa 24. A cikin wannan lokaci, tayin zai fara tafiya tare da canal na zamani, a lokaci daya ya juya. A ƙarshe, an saka kan a cikin ƙananan ƙananan mata. Mataki na biyu na aiki ya fara ne daga cikakken yaduwar ƙwayar ciki har zuwa lokacin haihuwar haihuwar. Tare da cikakken bayani game da ƙwayoyin katako, ƙwayoyin maƙasudin karfi sunyi kusan minti daya kuma ana maimaita kowane minti 2-3.
Ƙoƙari
A wannan lokacin, mahaifiyar tana fuskantar sha'awar turawa tare da tsokoki na ciki. Wannan lokaci na iya wuce har zuwa sa'o'i biyu, tare da yawan haihuwa yana yawanci ƙasa.
Yara haihuwa
Haɗin kai zai fara lokacin da mafi girman girma ya kai farjin. Sau da yawa ƙaramin ƙetare na farji yana tare da raguwa. Bayan bayyanar kai, an haifi jikin jaririn ba tare da wahala ba. A farkon gabatarwar ta farko ta wurin haihuwa na haihuwa ya wuce mafi yawan tayin - tayi da ke fadada cervix. A wannan yanayin, yaro zai fara fara numfashi kafin haihuwa. Matsayin karshe na aiki - haihuwar ƙwayar - ya ɗauki kimanin minti 30. Bayan haihuwar tayin, haɗin ƙwayar mahaifa na mahaifa ya ci gaba. Ƙarfin ƙwayar magunguna na jini yana ƙaddamar da jini. Ragewa daga cikin ganuwar igiyar ciki yana haifar da rabuwa da mahaifa. An cire ƙwayar ƙwayar jikin da kuma membran (karshen) daga ɗakin hankalin mai ciki ta hanyar jan hankali a cikin igiya. Don kaucewa zub da jini mai tsawo da kuma kamuwa da cutar bayan an bayarwa, dole ne a cire dukkanin ɓangaren ƙwayar jikin daga cikin mahaifa. Rashin isar da ƙwayar umbilical tana da dangantaka da nakasa na zuciya na tayin, don haka a koyaushe duba yawan tasoshin a cikin igiya.
Harshen hawaye
Matakan estrogens da progesterone a cikin mahaifiyar jini zubar da hankali bayan haihuwa na tushen su - da ƙwayar. A cikin makonni hudu zuwa biyar, mahaifa yana ragewa kaɗan, amma ya kasance da ɗan ya fi girman girma fiye da lokacin haihuwa. Yanzu mun san lokacin da alamu na farko suka fara.