Jinsin Afisa (Latin Episcia Mart) na iyalin Gesnerian ne. Ƙungiya, bisa ga kafofin daban daban, nau'i-nau'i na 30-40 na shuke-shuke. Suna girma a wurare masu zafi na tsakiya da kudancin Amirka. Wadannan masu shebaran suna suna da tsalle-tsalle (bamer-dimbin yawa). harbe ne pubescent. Ganyayyaki suna da asali ko akasin haka; suna da nau'i mai mahimmanci, dyed. An shirya furanni na mata a cikin takalma ko guda ɗaya, ana fentin su da fararen launi ko launin shuɗi, tubular, tare da ƙuƙwalwa biyar. Tsibi ne wani kayan ado, mai sauƙi mai sauƙi don tsaftacewa, tare da iyalan da zasu iya jurewa. Suna da kyawawan ganye da kyawawan furanni.
Iri
Furen fure, yanayin da aka bayyana a kasa, ra'ayin da aka fi sani dasu. Ana la'akari da kasarta ta Mexico. Wannan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, tsaka-tsakin, yana da nau'i biyu na harbe: ƙwanƙwasa tare da ganyayyaki da tsalle-tsalle. Wannan karshen ya yi duhu tare da shekaru, a nodes ya bayyana antennae da 'yar rosettes. Ƙananan ganye ne 3 cm a tsawon kuma 2 cm a fadin. Hanyoyin ganye sun bambanta - daga elliptical zuwa ovoid. Rashin ganye yana da launi tare da gefen, duhu mai launi tare da launi na tsakiya na launin launi mai launi, velvety pubescent tare da gajere. Filaye guda ɗaya sune fari, a pharynx tare da dige mai laushi, tare da gefen gyare-gyare suna fringed. Wannan jinsin yana da kayan ado na musamman.
Yanayin shuka
Haskewa. Filayen furanni ba su son hasken rana kai tsaye, suna son walƙiya haske. Mafi kyaun wurin sanya shi shine windows windows da yamma. A yadda aka saba girma a gefen arewa. A gefen kudancin, an cire injin daga taga ko ƙirƙira haske tare da yaduwa mai tushe ko takarda. A cikin hunturu, inji yana bukatar haske mai kyau.
Temperatuur tsarin mulki. A duk yanayi, farfadowa yana son zazzabi a cikin range 20-25 ° C, kada ku rage yawan zafin jiki a ƙasa 18 ° C. Ku guje wa samfurori a cikin kaka da hunturu.
Watering. Nail flowering ne quite m da raunin na irrigation tsarin mulki. A gare ta, matsanancin dampness da m-drying suna da haɗari. A cikin yanayi mai dumi, daga bazara zuwa kaka, inji yana buƙatar yawancin watering kamar yadda babba na duniya ya bushe. A cikin hunturu, ƙayyadadden watering, amma kada ka bari izinin furen ya bushe. A wannan lokacin, ruwa yayi aiki a rana ɗaya ko biyu bayan farfajiya na ƙasa ya bushe. Don ban ruwa, ya kamata ka yi amfani da ruwa mai laushi, mai tsabta a dakin. Yi m watering, yin saukad da ruwa a kan ganyen da shuka ne wanda ba a ke so.
Humidity na iska. Don kare kanka da buƙatar ƙara yawan zafi. Kada ka yad da shi, in ba haka ba zai haifar da lalata daga cikin ganyayyaki ba. Don ƙara yawan zafi a kusa da shuka, ana iya sanya tukunya a kan pallet tare da yatsun mai yisti ko fadada yumbu. Tabbatar cewa kasan tukunya bai taba ruwa ba. Jakadanci na jin dadi lokacin da suke girma a cikin terrariums da kananan-greenhouses.
Top dressing. A lokacin da ake ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙwayar furanni, a cikin bazara da lokacin rani, an yi takin mai magani a kowane mako 2. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da bayani game da takin mai magani mai mahimmanci, sau biyu sau biyu idan aka kwatanta da shawarwarin a cikin umarnin. Idan kun yi amfani da takin gargajiya, ya kamata ku sake sauke su sau 2 fiye da yadda aka ba da shawarar.
Hanya wani daji. Dole ne a kafa wasikar, yayin da yake girma da sauri. Bayan flowering, kana buƙatar rage rassan, da rassan alaƙa da alaka daga rassan rassan da za su shuka a cikin tukunyar guda, to, daji za ta zama daɗaɗa. Alamar bakararre irin na bishiya sau da yawa yadawa kuma sau da yawa kai tushen a cikin tukwane, wanda rage su na ado roko. Saboda haka, an bada shawara don rataya tsire-tsire ko sanya a tukwane, to, creeping harbe ba su da wani wuri su dauki tushe.
Canji. Ana bada shawarar yin shukar shuka a kowace shekara, mafi kyau a spring. Don shafukan wariyar launin zabi zazzabi, amma ƙananan tukwane. Dole ne kasar gona ta kasance mai raunin acidic ko tsaka tsaki (pH 5.5 - 6.5) daga cikin abin da ke gudana: ƙasa mai laushi, peat (ko gefen ƙasa), kogin yashi a cikin kashi 2: 1: 1. Ƙara ƙara ƙwayar gauraye da ƙwayoyin sphagnum. Sakamakon kuma zai iya kasancewa daga wani abun da ke ciki: ganye ƙasa, yashi da peat a cikin wani rabo na 2: 1: 1, kuma tare da admixture na sphagnum da ƙwayoyin gawayi. Daga gaurayawan kasuwanci suna amfani da "Violet", da dai sauransu. Kada ka manta game da mai kyau magudanar ruwa da ramuka mai zurfi a saman jirgin ruwa.
Sake bugun. Ana gabatar da kwakwalwa cikin vegetatively (cuttings) da tsaba.
Hanya ta hanyar cuttings ita ce mafi sauki hanyar haifuwa. Shobe tare da nodes nasu (3-4), amma ba tare da gefen harbe ya kamata a saka a ruwa. Kada ka yi musu zurfi sosai, kimanin 3-4 cm. Wata hanyar ita ce ta ɗora suturayar mata ba tare da cirewa daga uwar ba. Don yin wannan, kana buƙatar saka tukunya kusa da ƙwaƙwalwar jariri da kuma yarinya mai yarinya a cikin ƙasa mai laushi a lanƙwasa. Matsaloli tare da tsayar da cuttings ba sa faruwa, rootlets bayyana a cikin mako guda. Duk da haka, tabbatar da cewa yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa a lokacin girkewa ba kasa + 18 ° C, kuma mafi yawan sharaɗɗa shine + 25 ° C. Kamar yadda matasan shuke-shuke ke girma, an saka su a cikin akwati 2-3 cm a cikin mafi girman diamita fiye da baya . Mafi girman diamita na tukunya don samfurori mai girma shine 20 cm. Za a iya kafuwar haruffa na epiphyles kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa. Ya kamata a raba cututtuka, a dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai haske a cikin tukunya na 7-centimeter kuma ya rufe tukunya tare da kwalba, don haka ya haifar da karami.
Wuyar kulawa
Idan launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana a jikin ganyayyaki, wannan yana nufin cewa an yi amfani da ruwa mai sanyi don shayar da shuka. Ka tuna cewa ruwa ya zama dumi.
Idan ganyen wasikar ya juya launin rawaya, to, tsire-tsire yana shan wahala daga wani abu mai mahimmanci da takin mai magani, busassun busasshen iska, kuma daga hasken hasken rana.
Idan lakaran launin toka yana bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki da furannin furofaya, to sai shuka ta hanyar launin toka ko foda. Wadannan cututtuka suna faruwa a yanayin rashin talauci, alal misali, tare da tsohuwar ƙasa mai laushi kuma a cikin ɗakin da aka yi wa matalauta.
Idan shuka ba ta yi girma ba, to yana jin rashin haske, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, ko ɗakin yana da sanyi ko busassun iska. Haka lamarin ya faru lokacin da abun ciki na ɓangaren ba daidai ba ne a lokacin lokacin hutawa, kuma tare da karin takin mai magani na nitrogenous, tare da bushewa mai sauƙi.
Kwaro: aphids, mealy tsutsotsi, whitefly, scabies, thrips.