Yawancin lokuta na ciwon daji ne ake haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma cutar yakan kasance cikin nau'i mai kyau. Tare da kamuwa da cuta na kwayan cuta, yanayin ya zama barazanar rayuwa mai mahimmanci musamman a yara.
Freho pathogens
Nau'o'in kwayoyin guda uku a matsayin magunguna na farko 75% na dukkan lokuta na kwayar cutar kwayan cuta:
- Neisseria meningitidis, ko meningococcus, shi ne mafi yawan kwayoyin cutar da ke shafar yara, musamman ma a karkashin shekaru 5, da matasa.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae - wannan kwayoyin ne ke da alhakin ci gaba da ciwon huhu, kuma shi ne dalilin haduwa a cikin yara a ƙarƙashin shekara biyu da tsofaffi.
- Haemophilus influenzae - yana shafar yara fiye da shekaru biyar, kodayake yanzu ba shi da yawa saboda maganin alurar riga kafi.
Don yin nuni da isasshen farfadowa, yana da muhimmanci don ƙayyade wakili na cutar. A cikin meningitis, bincika ruwan 'ya'yan itace na cerebrospinal (CSF) da jini. Ana samo samfurori da aka samo daga masu haƙuri don bincike zuwa dakin gwaje-gwajen microbiological.
Samfurori na CSF
CSF ta fadi kwakwalwa da kashin baya, kuma al'ada shi ne ruwa marar lahani, mai haske. Idan ake zargi da ciwon maningitis, samfurin CSF yana samuwa ta hanyar lumbar, wanda an saka wani allurar sita a cikin sararin samaniya a cikin kasan baya. Cikakken CSF yana ƙarfafa tuhumar ƙwayoyin cuta. An aika samfurin zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Samfurori na jini
A cikin kwayar cutar kwayar cuta, kamuwa da cuta yakan shiga jini tare da ci gaba da septicemia, saboda haka ana kula da jinin marasa lafiya ga binciken kwayoyin halitta. Bayan wankewar fata, an janye jinin daga jikin. An ƙuge jini a cikin wani gwajin gwaji tare da bayani mai gina jiki don namo kwayoyin. Sanin asalin kwayar cutar ta jiki yana dogara ne akan ganewar pathogens a cikin samfurin CSF. Ya zama dole a wuri-wuri don samun sakamakon binciken don samun izinin dacewa da lokaci. A cikin dakin gwaje-gwajen microbiological, ma'aikatan da aka horar da musamman sun karbi samfurori kuma suka fara binciken nan da nan don su ba da sakamakon ga likita a wuri-wuri.
Nazarin CSF
Ana saka kwayar da CSF a cikin centrifuge - na'urar mai juyawa mai sauri, wanda ke da karfi daga centrifugal. Wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin sun tara a kasa daga cikin bututu kamar yadda ake farawa.
Microscopy
Wani samfurin laka yana nazarin kwayoyin halitta tare da kirga adadin leukocytes. A cikin meningitis na kwayan cuta, akwai karuwar yawan waɗannan kwayoyin cikin CSF. Don gano kwayoyin a kan zane-zane, ana amfani dye na musamman (Gram mint). Idan samfurin ya ƙunshi pathogens daga manyan manyan pathogens, ana iya gane su ta hanyar halayyar kwayoyin. Sakamakon binciken microscopy da tacewa ta Gram an ba da rahoton nan gaba ga likita don ya iya rubuta magani mai dacewa.
Noma na CSF
Sauran CSF an rarraba akan nau'in Petri tare da matsakaici na al'adu don namo kwayoyin. CSF bashi da bakararre, don haka ganewar kowane kwayoyin cuta yana da mahimmanci. Don raba wadannan ko wasu microbes, ana buƙatar daban-daban na kafofin watsa labaran abinci da ma'adanai. An yi jita-jita Petri a cikin dare a cikin ɗakin da aka yi nazari da safe. Gram na cike da cibiyoyin kwayoyin cuta. A wasu lokatai yana iya samar da ci gaba da bunkasa kwayoyin halitta. Wani samfurin jini wanda aka karɓa daga mai haƙuri, mai amfani da labaru ya rarraba a cikin jarabobi biyu na gwaji don noma. A cikin daya daga cikinsu, yanayin yanayin da ake ci gaba da ci gaban mazauna (a gaban oxygen) za a kiyaye shi, a daya - anaerobic (a cikin yanayi mai ruɗi). Bayan sa'o'i 24 na shiryawa, an cire karamin samfurin abu daga kowani tube kuma an kara ingantaccen al'ada a ƙarƙashin yanayin kamar CSF. Duk wani kwayoyin da ke samuwa za a gano, a canza launin kuma an gano shi. An ba da rahoton nan gaba ga likitan likitancin. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an bunkasa hanyoyin don gano kamuwa da cuta kuma gano mahalarta a cikin CSF ko cikin jini.
Sakamakon Azumi
Gwajin gwagwarmaya ta ƙarshen ya dogara ne akan maganin antigen-antibody. Yin jagorancin wannan gwajin yana da amfani musamman idan an ba marasa lafiya kwayoyin kafin a dauki kayan. Hanyoyin al'adu suna ba da sakamako ne kawai a cikin rana, yayin da wannan gwaji na zamani ya ba da bayanai mafi sauri. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin hanzari na maningitis, wanda zai iya kawo karshen mutuwa.