Cutar cutar Parotitis (mumps) cuta ce mai cututtukan da ke dauke da kullun kwayoyin glandular da na tsakiya (CNS). Tuni shekaru 400 kafin BC. e. Hippocrates ya fara bayanin fasikancin annoba. Alamar da wannan cuta ta faru a cikin ayyukan Celsus da Galen. Tun daga ƙarshen karni na XVIII, bayani game da annobar cutar da kuma asibiti na wannan kamuwa da cuta sun haɗu.
Mai wakili na mumps shine cutar kwayar cutar Paramyxovirus. An cire shi gaba ɗaya a zafin jiki na 55-60 ° C (na minti 20), tare da sakawa ta UV; kula da aikin 0.1% formalin solution, 1% lysol, 50% barasa. A 4 ° C, ciwon cutar na canzawa a cikin 'yan kwanaki, a -20 ° C yana cigaba da da yawa makonni, kuma a -50 ° C yana da yawa watanni.
Maganar cutar ita ce yaron mara lafiya a kwanakin ƙarshe na lokacin shiryawa (daya ko kwana biyu kafin bayyanar hoto na hoto) har zuwa ranar 9 ga cutar. A wannan lokaci, cutar ta ware daga jikin mutum mai rai tare da salwa. Mafi yawan cututtuka da aka kamu da ita a farkon kwanaki uku zuwa biyar daga farkon cutar. Kwayar cuta tana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanzari yayin da yake magana, tawu, sneezing. Akwai yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar abubuwan gida, kayan wasa, da dai sauransu. Saboda rashin samuwa a cikin marasa lafiya tare da mummunar cuta, tare da cutar da ba a ciki ba, kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin kusantar dangantaka.
Babban haɗari a matsayin tushen kamuwa da cuta shine marasa lafiya da cututtuka ko asymptomatic siffofin cutar, waɗanda suke da wuyar ganowa saboda haka ya zama daga cikin ƙungiyoyin yara. Akwai bayanai game da yiwuwar yaduwar kwakwalwa na kamuwa da cuta da kuma kamuwa da cutar daga cikin tayin. Tsanani ga mumps ne quite high. Yara da ke tsakanin shekaru 2 zuwa 10 suna da rashin lafiya. Yara a ƙarƙashin shekara guda suna da tsayayya ga wannan kamuwa da cuta, tun da suna da wata rigakafi mai sauƙi.
Parotitis an rubuta shi ne a matsayin marasa lafiya, har ma annobar annoba. Yawancin sau da yawa a cikin mummunar cuta yana faruwa a cikin hunturu da kuma bazara. Abinda ya faru ya fi girma a tsakanin yara da ke cikin kungiyoyi. Bayan wannan kamuwa da cuta, yawanci, ana haifar da rigakafi na har abada. Cutar da ke cike da mumps yana da wuya
Ƙofar ƙofar kamuwa da cuta shine ƙwayar mucous na fili na numfashi a cikin rami na baki, kazalika da membran mucous na ido.
Cutar cututtuka .
Rashin kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar shawo kan cutar ta fi sauya rinjaye (parotitis), wanda zai iya shawo kan suma (submaxillitis) da kuma glanders (sublinguitis), wanda ya kasance mai laushi (pancreatitis). Magunguna mai tsanani yana da yawa. Wani bayyanar cututtuka mai tsanani da mai tsanani shine meningoencephalitis. Ya kamata a jaddada cewa, bisa ga ra'ayoyin zamani, raunuka na glandular organs (orchitis ko pancreatitis) ko CNS (meningitis) idan akwai wani kamuwa da kamuwa da cutar da ke dauke da bugun jini ya kamata a dauke shi, amma ba wata wahala ba.
A cewar fasalin zamani, siffofin wannan kamuwa da cuta sun bambanta da nau'i da tsanani. Hanyoyi iri-iri sun haɗa da: launi na glandular gabobin - ware ko hade (siffar glandular); shan kashi na tsarin na tsakiya (tsohuwar tsari); launi na daban-daban glandular da kuma CNS (hada siffar). Ƙirarraki sun haɗa da siffar sharewa da asymptomatic. A matsanancin ƙwayar cuta, ƙwayoyin huhu, matsanancin ƙwayar cuta da siffofin mai tsanani na cututtuka sun bambanta, mummunan kasancewar lamarin da ya shafa (daya ko fiye), tsananin mummunan, ƙananan lalacewar CNS (ƙananan cututtuka na meningeal da na kwakwalwa), matsanancin maye.
Zaman yanayi na cututtuka na annobar annoba yana daga kwanaki 11 zuwa 23 (kimanin 18-20). Kwayar zata fara bayan kwanaki 1-2 na zamani ko kuma ba tare da prodrome ba. Yawancin lokaci yawan zazzabi ya tashi zuwa 38 - 39 ° C. Marasa lafiya sukan kokawa da ciwon kai, jin zafi a gaban gwano na auditun waje da kuma yankin glandar salmon, jin zafi a lokacin da ake shawa da haɗiyewa. Akwai kumburi na gland salivary gland a daya gefe, da kuma 1-2 days daga baya gland za ta ƙara daga kishiyar gefe. Jirgin yana da karuwa mai yawa a cikin gland protruding, kuma kunne na kunnen ya kai zuwa sama
Mafi yawancin lokuta yakan kasance a haɗuwa da mumps, da wuya - warewa. Magunguna biyu sune kewayawa da sauye-sauye a cikin ƙananan yankunan submaxillary (busawa), kumburi na nama mai asali. Tare da lalatattun zubar da jini, fuska da fuska a gefe ɗaya an bayyana. A matsin lamba, matsalolin da ke gefen ƙananan jaw da kuma ciwon da aka sani. Ƙara yawan ciwon glandan da ke ciki ya ci gaba har zuwa ranar 3 zuwa 5 na cutar, edema, da kuma tausayi da yawa daga cikin 6 zuwa 9 na cutar.
Kusan wata alama ta yau da kullum game da batutuwa a cikin yara shine orchitis. Ɗaya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen yana cikin wannan tsari, amma har ila yau ana iya cin zarafin dangi. Orchitis tasowa a ranar 5th-7th na cutar. A cikin jigidar kuma a cikin kullun, akwai matsaloli da karuwa tare da motsi. Da yawan zafin jiki ya tashi, ciwon sanyi da ciwon kai. An gwada gwajin din sau 2-3, an yi tsayayya, akwai mummunan lahani a fatar jiki, fatar jiki a kan shi an sake shi. Wadannan bayyanar cututtuka sun ci gaba da kwanaki 6-7 kuma sannu-sannu bace.
A cikin yara, 'yan matan tsofaffi sukan fuskanci shiga ovary (oophoritis), bartholinitis (bartholinitis) da mammary gland (mastitis)
Pancreatitis taso bayan shan kashi na gland salivary, amma wani lokaci ya fara shi ko ne kadai bayyanar cutar. Marasa lafiya tare da tashin hankali, maimaita maimaitawa, alamar damuwa, wani lokacin yana kewaye da ciki ta jiki, da aka keɓa a yankin da ke gaba, da hagu na hagu ko kuma a cikin cibiya. Akwai ƙuƙwalwa, maƙarƙashiya, da kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Wadannan abubuwan mamaki suna tare da ciwon kai, ciwon sanyi, zazzabi. Yayin da yake ciwo ciki, za a bayyana tashin hankali na tsokoki na ciki na ciki. Idan an haɗa waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka tare da ciwon glandar salivary ko kuma ana ɗauke da mai karfin daga mummunan mummunan mummunan ƙwayar cuta, to, an tabbatar da ganewar asali. Hanyar pancreatitis idan akwai kamuwa da mummunan kamuwa da cuta. Alamun raunuka na pancreatic bace bayan kwanaki 5-10
Magungunan ciwon daji yana nuna alamun kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta a yara. Yawancin lokaci an haɗa shi tare da raunuka na glandular organs kuma farawa 3 zuwa 6 bayan an fara da mumps. A wannan yanayin, akwai hyperthermia, ciwon kai, vomiting. Akwai yiwuwar kamewa, asarar sani. Hanyoyin da ake ciki a cikin mummunan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin mafi yawan lokuta suna da kyau. Magungunan cututtuka na ciwon zuciya yawanci baya wuce kwanaki 5-8
Wani mummunar bayyanar mummunar kamuwa da cuta shine meningoencephalitis, wanda alamunta zai bayyana bayan kwanaki biyar na cutar. Bugu da kari, haɓakawa, hanawa, damuwa, damuwa, hasara na sani an lura. Sa'an nan kuma akwai alamun cututtuka mai mahimmanci, watakila yiwuwar cigaba da jijiyoyi na cranial, hemiparesis. A mafi yawan lokuta, meningoencephalitis ƙare yana da kyau.
Sanarwar da ake yi wa parotitis ita ce kusan kullun.
Abubuwa masu wuya ne. Tare da lalacewa na lalata ga kwayoyin, kwayoyin injin kwayar cutar da kuma cessation of spermatogenesis zai yiwu. Hanyoyin mutum da kuma meningoencephalitis zai iya haifar da ciwon zuciya ko na kamuwa da jijiyoyin ƙwayar jiki, lalacewar jijiyar auditive.
Jiyya ga parotitis ne symptomatic. A cikin tsawon lokacin cutar, an nuna alamar gado. Don kula da zafi a yankin da aka shafa, ana bada shawarar yin zafi mai zafi. Abincin ruwa, shayarwa na baki a hankali. Tare da zazzaɓi da ciwon kai sun bada shawarar paracetamol, nurofen, da dai sauransu. Tare da orchitis aka nuna aikace-aikace na suspensions, topically shafi sanyi. Idan an yi tsammanin pancreatitis, dole ne a yi haƙuri a asibiti. Rage rage cin abinci na sunadarai da fats har sai an cire cikakken abinci na kwanaki 1-2.
Rigakafin. Magunguna da mumps suna rabuwa a gida ko a asibiti (a cikin siffofin mai tsanani). A halin yanzu, akwai rigakafin rigakafin mumps. Samun rigakafin rigakafi tare da maganin alurar rigakafi mai rai an yi sau daya a shekara 15-18, lokaci daya tare da alurar riga kafi da rubella da kyanda.