Binciko don hutawa: mun koyi yadda za mu yi wa herbarium ta makaranta da gida

Ga abin da kuma wa yake bukatan herbarium? Na farko, ɗaliban dalibai na ilmin halitta. Kundin tare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire yana aiki ne na ɗan rani na yara biyar. Abu na biyu, yin herbarium wani lokaci ne mai kyau don iyali ke tafiya cikin yanayi. Dafaccen da aka bushe da kuma sanya tsire-tsire a cikin tsire-tsire na iya zama kyakkyawan kyauta, ado na ciki, mai zanewa. Don haka, mun koyi yadda za mu tara da kuma bushe herbarium, kuma mu yi ado da kyau.

Yaya za a iya yin herbarium da kyau tare da hannunka - darajar aji da hoto

A matsayin tushen wata herbarium, kundi ko littattafai masu amfani sukan amfani da A4, A5 ko tsarin katako. A cikin wannan ɗaliban, an gabatar da umarnin mataki na gaba daya akan yin shebarium a kan zane-zane na tsarin kundi. Herbarium da aka gabatar a nan an kira "Tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire a cikin tsakiya na Rasha". Zaka iya zaɓar wasu batutuwa, alal misali, "Sauranmu a bakin teku: flora na teku", "Ku fita zuwa gandun daji: menene fure a watan Agusta" da sauransu.

Ga bayanin kula! Don tattara samfurori, zaɓi bushe, rana rana. Halin yiwuwar yin gyaran kafa da kuma lalacewar lalacewar abubuwan da aka samu a cikin ruwan sama yana da kashi 95%.

Yadda za a tattara shuke-shuke don herbarium

Kayan aiki don tarin tsire-tsire:

• Narke Soviet kafada ruwa (idan kana son samun shuka tare da tushen tsarin)
• Ƙanan ƙusa almakashi
• Garden pruner
• Wani akwati don safarar samfurori (zaka iya amfani da kwandon kwandon da aka saka)
• Gilashin karamin (50 g) tare da giya na giya ko yumɓu da aka shafe tare da ruwa zuwa jihar mushy
• Tsohon jaridu

Tip: Kafin ka je "farauta", ka fara nazarin siffofin tushen tsarin shuke-shuke da aka zaɓa, don haka ba zato ba tsammani a gare ka wani furen launin shudi ba shi da tushe da kafa da rabi.

Shirin mataki na mataki:

1. Bar da shugabannin furanni yanke tare da takalmin man shafawa, sanya a cikin akwati, kwanciya jaridu.
2. Yanke manyan rassan tare da kaya, ya rufe wurare tare da lambun miya ko yumbu. (Wannan hanya yana da mahimmanci idan yara suna tare da kai, ya kamata su gane cewa ba zamu zo cikin dabi'a ba ne, kuma idan mun dauki wani abu daga gare ta, muna kula cewa yanayin yana da ƙarfin ƙarfafawa).
3. Nemi sama da tsire-tsire waɗanda ba su da tushen tushen tsarin. Muna tono daga bangarorin hudu a nesa na 4-5 cm daga tushe, tada ƙasa sannan mu fita tare da turf. Mun yi watsi da hankali, tsaftace lumps na ƙasa, sanya shi a kan jarida, sanya shi a cikin akwati.

Misali na yadda za a gwada shuka a cikin bidiyon.

Shawara: kayi kokarin kada ku yi fice da ƙananan tsire-tsire!

Yadda za a bushe tsire-tsire yadda ya kamata

Abubuwan da ake bukata:

• Tsohon littafi - 1 pc.
• Cardboard ne mai yawa - 2 zanen gado
• Gidan Baking - 1 pc.
• Gilashi da ruwa
• Latsa, ƙarfe

Shirin mataki na mataki:

1. Yada dukan tsire-tsire a kan jaridu. Yi la'akari da su a hankali: idan wani wuri yana da duhu, ƙwayar cin nama - cire shi.
2. Shuka shuka a shafi, kamar yadda kuka gani. Ƙananan ganye, don haka ba su zamewa ba, su haɗa su zuwa shafukan littafi, su tsaftace su da ruwa.
3. Saka littafin tare da tsire-tsire tsakanin suturan kwallisai, murfin sama tare da takardar burodi da kuma sa dumbbells. Shuka bushe, yawanci sau ɗaya ko kwanaki 10. A wannan yanayin, a kowace rana a farkon kwanaki 5 na bushewa, canja wurin kayan shuka don shafe shafuka. Tsarin shuka don amfani a cikin herbarium an ƙaddara shi ta bayyanarsa: idan ba ya lanƙwasa kuma ya riƙe tsari, to, yana shirye.

Lura: Akwai wasu hanyoyin da za a bushe kayan halitta: a cikin inji na lantarki ko tanda, ta amfani da hydrogen peroxide. Wadannan hanyoyi suna hanzarta tsarin saukewa, amma a lokaci guda samfurori sun lalace, duhu ko samo launi mara kyau. A hanya, wani lokacin yana yiwuwa a karanta irin wannan bayanin cewa littafi, wanda ake tsammani bayan tsire-tsire da aka bushe a ciki, ya zama marar amfani - ya zama abin ƙyama kuma ya rasa siffarsa. Wannan ba haka bane! Idan an tattara tsire-tsire a rana ta bushe, to, babu abin da zai faru da littafin.

Yadda za a yi herbarium tare da hannunka

Abubuwan da ake bukata:

• Turanni na farin katako А 4 - 10 inji. (by yawan shuke-shuke)
• Hotunan hotuna A 4 - 10 inji.
• Rigaren launi na launi kwali - 12 cm, nisa - 4 cm - 10 inji mai kwakwalwa.
• Fayil na fili - 5 inji. (ko A4-size takarda takarda - 10 inji.)
• Kullura, aljihu, Harshen PVA, igiya ko m thread, mai turo da zane, mai haske mai launi.

Shirin mataki na mataki:

1. An dasa tsire-tsire a kan takardun wuri, mun gyara shi a kan kara ko a kan stalk tare da allura da zaren, yin zahiri 2-3 stitches. Idan yana da babban jinsuna, to mun gyara shi a wurare da yawa; idan wannan launi guda ne, sa'an nan kuma manne da takarda farantin tare da manne PVA. Sanya mashin, zana shi da launi mai launi na launi mai dacewa.
2. Ana kwantar da ganyen katako tare da manne da kuma glued a kan su zane-zane tare da tsire-tsire. A hankali danna ƙasa, ƙoƙarin kada a lalata abubuwa.
3. An raba fayiloli masu sassauci zuwa sassa biyu, mun sanya sashi guda a saman shuka, daga gefen mun yi amfani da kwandon katako da kuma karya duk wannan "sandwich" tare da fashewa. A cikin ramuka mun sanya kirtani (igiya, zaren), ƙarawa, gyara shi. Don haka muna yi tare da duk sauran nau'o'in ta herbarium.
4. A cikin kusurwar dama na kowane takarda muna yin rubutu wanda muke nuna bayani game da shuka da aka gabatar: suna, inganci, wuri da kuma lokacin tattarawa. Wannan "lakabi" za a iya yi a gaba, alal misali, an buga a kan kwamfutarka da glued, zaka iya rubutu kawai ta hannu. Idan ana so, zaka iya saka sunayen sassa na shuka ko takardar sayan magani don samar da samfurori daga gare ta (idan ya yiwu).
5. Yanzu ya kasance ya tattara dukan ganye a cikin kundin kuma ya dauki taken take. Ta yaya za a yi la'akari da wani al'amari na tunaninka. Ko amfani da misalin da aka bayar. Don yin wannan, dole ne ka fara ɗaukar hotunan wuraren da aka tattara tsire-tsire, shirya wani abun da ke tattare daga gare su a cikin edita na hoto na musamman, rubuta sunan herbarium kuma a buga shi a kan takardun launin launi.

   Dalilin: ana iya hada herbarium tare da hotunan hoto, idan a gefen baya na kowanne ganye tare da tsire-tsire, ku haɗa hotuna da aka dauka a lokacin tarin.
   

6. A kan kowane takarda, ciki har da shafi na lakabi, muna yin bayanin kula don tsaftacewa kuma danna waɗannan wurare tare da fushina. Sanya zanen gado a cikin kundin, yi idan kana son baka ko kuma kada ka tsaftace wurare na ɗaure iyakar kirtani. Ita herbarium tana shirye.

Kamar yadda ka gani, yin herbarium tare da hannuwanka yana da sauki aiki kuma har ma 'yan makaranta na iya yin. Kula da herbalist a wuri mai bushe, zai fi dacewa a kan ɗakunan da ke sama, a matsayi na kwance.