Masu kare jiki - kwayoyin halitta ba tare da rikitarwa ba (leukocytes) - balagagge a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa da thymus (thymus gland), juya zuwa phagocytes (da kuma wasu kwayoyin cututtuka na ciki) da kuma lymphocytes - kwayoyin samo asali. Bayan da ya samu nasara ga "tafarkin matasa," 'yan kallo masu tafiya suna tafiya zuwa ƙwanƙolin, tonsils, kogin lymph, da tasoshin, ƙwayoyin magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta da na numfashi, inda suka kammala shirin don aiwatar da "sabis na yaki".
Matsayi tare da kyallen takarda da gabobin tare da lymph da jini, leukocytes suna jin tare da masu karɓa duk abin da ke saduwa da hanyarsu, kuma tare da taimakon wani lambar musamman ya bambanta kwayoyin jikinsu daga kasashen waje. Lokacin da ka sadu da wani abu mai dangantaka, "mayaƙan" sun rabu da salama, kuma idan sun kasance "baƙo" a gabansu - sun fara kai hari.
Phagocytes sun kasance farkon layin karewa daga kamuwa da cuta. Suna "ɗaure" kwayoyin halittu akan farfajiyar su kuma suna shafan su - wannan shine yadda aikin rigakafi na ainihi ke aiki. Idan "rundunonin" ƙwayoyin cuta sun fi karfi, lymphocytes (wani rukuni na leukocytes) ya bayyana a "fagen fama". Suna haifar da kwayoyin da suka gane magungunan, duk inda yake (cikin sel, a cikin jikin nama ko jini), da kuma taimakawa wajen halakar da kwayoyin kamuwa da kwayar cutar - don haka ya samu rigakafi. Amma idan ba mu da ikon yin tasiri na rigakafi, aikin da muka samu ya dangana ne ga hanyar rayuwarmu.
3 GASKIYAR SYSTEM
Duk da irin yanayin da ake yi na rigakafi, bazai daina zama wani tsari wanda zai iya kasawa. Akwai nau'ikan iri uku na cin zarafin aikinta.
1 HAUSA: IMMUNODEFICIENCY
Mafi sau da yawa, idan muka ce: "Na rasa rigakafi," muna nufin jinkirinsa na wucin gadi, wanda ake mayar da ita. A bisa mahimmanci, wannan shine nau'in rashin daidaituwa na farko. Na biyu yana nufin lokuta lokacin da tsarin na rigakafi yana aiki a wani ƙananan matakin ko rigakafi ya ɓace.
Rashin kwanciyar hankali a cikin rigakafi (m kamu mai cututtukan zuciya, mura, herpes, da dai sauransu.) Immunity na iya "fada" lokaci-lokaci a rayuwar, kuma akwai dalilai da yawa na wannan: damuwa, gajiya, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, mummunan halaye (jaraba ga barasa, shan taba), rashin bitamin da rãnã (musamman ma a lokacin sanyi), hawan mahaifa, da dai sauransu. - duk abin da kowa da kowa ke fuskanta daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Ba ku da wani abu kuma ba ku ciwo ba, amma ku zama masu sassauci, kariya daga jikinku ya raunana, aiki na tsarin rigakafi yana ciwo (ƙananan ƙwayar lymphocytes, ragowar aikin su yana raguwa, ciki har da samar da kwayar cutar). A sakamakon haka, za ku iya samun rashin lafiya, da kuma cutar - "jawo" kuma ya haifar da rikitarwa.
Yana da muhimmanci . Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa mata masu aure ba zasu iya shawo kan cutar ba fiye da wadanda suka yi farin cikin aure. A cikin iyalan iyali (har ma a cikin aiki da kuma haɗin kai), an samar da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suke tsayayya da microbes fiye da wadanda aka rufe da kuma zama.
Kada ka rikita batun da tasiri na fadawar rigakafi. Maganin kanta ba zai iya raunana tsarin tsarin ba: ba za ka iya karba shi ba, kawai saboda an riga an raunana kariya ga wasu dalilai.
Abin da za ku yi . "Ya auku" rigakafi? Gyara shi a cikin hanyar da ba ta da kyau. Har ila yau, waɗannan shawarwari zasu taimaka wajen kauce wa ragowarsa.
Ikon . Zabi abincin abincin daidai. Ku ci ƙananan ƙwayar mai da ƙari mai yawa, wadda take cikin bitamin D da E-arziki mai cin nama da nama nama; kazalika da fiber: kayan lambu - kantin kayan da aka gano (zinc da selenium), wajibi ne ga tsarin rigakafi, da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa - da bitamin B, bitamin C da tocopherol (mai karfi mai maganin da ake buƙata ta kwayoyin halitta). Rashin bitamin da abubuwan da aka gano zasu taimaka wajen cika abubuwan da zasu taimaka wajen bunkasa rigakafi. Kafin sayen su, bincika likitan ka kuma karanta umarnin a hankali.
Ayyukan jiki. Aiki na yau da kullum ta jiki ko wasanni yana kara jurewar jiki game da cututtuka. Na farko, suna hanzarta yaduwar kwayar cutar lymph - wani ruwa wanda yake samar da kwayoyin jikinsu zuwa "fagen fama" (motsawar ta hanyar ƙwayoyin lymph yana faruwa ne saboda sabuntawa na tsoka da ke kewaye). Abu na biyu, ƙungiyoyi masu aiki suna taimakawa dumi. Lokacin da ka daskare, hanzarin motsi na kwayoyin tsaro suna jinkirta, kuma basu iya samun lokaci don magance cutar. A hanyar, talakawa na tafiya a cikin iska mai iska ko tafiya zuwa ɗakin tsawa (alal misali, baiwar Rashanci) shi ne horon horo na rigakafi.
Mafarki . A lokacin barci, ana samar da cytokines (kwayoyin da lymphocytes suka samar). Suna kaddamar da aiki na kwayoyin halitta da kuma ƙayyade rayuwarsu. Sabili da haka, tabbatar da cewa sauran lokuta ne na yau da kullum, kuma kada kuyi kokarin karya tsarin mulki.
Lokaci na yau da kullum na kwanciyar hankali yana tsawon sa'o'i 7-8, kuma hanya mafi kyau don daidaita tsarin mulki shi ne horar da kanka don zuwa gado kuma tashi a lokaci guda.
Jima'i . Masana kimiyya daga Jami'ar Wilkes a Pennsylvania sun gano cewa wadanda ke da alaka da jima'i (sau 1-2 a mako), matakin immunoglobulin (tsoffin kwayoyin cuta) a cikin ruwan ya fi girma. Wannan wani dalili ne don neman abokin tarayya, idan ba ku da ɗaya ba tukuna.
Lafiya . Microbes ɓangare ne na tsarin mu na rigakafi. Duniya mai lalacewa ta haifar da sanyi. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki ba ne, saboda bil'adama ya samo asali tare da su har miliyoyin shekaru, saboda haka suna da muhimmanci don samun kariya. Babu shakka, babu wanda ya soke tsabtace jiki, amma ya fi kyau kada a ci gaba da shi - sami ma'auni.
Hanyar magunguna. Kada ku shiga yin magani: ba tare da izinin likita ba, shan shan magunguna da ke ƙara yawan rigakafin ƙila bazai iya zama m ba, amma har ma yana hadari. Na farko, yi nazari da yin immunogram akan ƙayyadewa da matsayi na rashin daidaituwa.
Rage ci gaba ko asarar rigakafi (alimphocytosis, AIDS, da dai sauransu)
Saboda rashin ko rashin yiwuwar samar da kwayoyin cuta, tsarin na rigakafi ya ƙare ko ya daina aiki. Rikicin ya faru:
- tare da cututtuka ko kwayoyin cututtuka, lokacin da tsarin rigakafi ya fara haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta;
- a lokacin cututtuka da aka haifar da amfani da maganin rigakafi mai tsawo;
- lokacin da cutar kanjamau, lokacin da rigakafi ya ɓace saboda cutar kwayar cutar ta HIV wadda ta karu a cikin kwayoyin jikinsu, wanda ke kashe wanda ya kashe shi. Tsarin na rigakafi ba zai iya warware shi ba (kamuwa da kamuwa da kwayar cutar da kwayoyin cutar ta fara samar da kansu) da kasa.
Wadannan su ne lokuta a lokacin da rigakafin daga "mai karewa" ya juya zuwa "mai zalunci". Tare da allergies, kwayoyin da ke cikin rigakafi suna da haɓaka kuma ba su dacewa da halayen haɗari: ulu, fuka, pollen, da dai sauransu, kuma a yayin da ake ciwon fuka suna aiki a cikin bronchi da kuma huhu, suna haddasa spasms da kuma yin numfashi.
Yana da muhimmanci . Ayyukan wuce gona da iri na kwayoyin halitta ba kawai yakan faru ne kawai a lokacin harin ko tuntubi tare da maharan, don haka rashin lafiyar ko ƙwayar ƙari ba wani dalili ne na tunanin cewa babu buƙatar ƙara yawan rigakafi. Alal misali, kowane ɗayanmu yana da damuwa da sanyi da cututtuka.
Abin da za ku yi . Bayan gwaji, shigar da allergen. Abin sha ya ba da umarnin antihistamines da rage yawan bayyanar cututtuka, da kuma guje wa hulɗa da allergen. Tare da ciwon fuka, ana buƙatar cin zarafi don cire fuka.
3 GROUP: MUTUIMMUNE DISASASES
Babban aiki na tsarin rigakafi shine ikon iya rarrabe "ɗayan kansa" daga "wani". Idan har ya rabu, ƙananan matsalolin kiwon lafiya sun taso. Lokacin da, don dalilai ba a sani ba, kwayoyin kariya, maimakon kare kansu daga kwayoyin cuta da cututtuka, fara kawo lalata kwayoyin jikinsu a jikinsu, cututtukan cututtuka na ainihi suna faruwa.
Yana da muhimmanci . Makasudin zai iya zama duk wani nau'in - koda, hanta, ciki, kwakwalwa, fili na numfashi da ido. Cutar cututtuka na asibiti (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, lalacewar thyroid damage, da dai sauransu) ba su da tabbas, amma yana yiwuwa a rage tashe tashe.
Abin da za ku yi . Don sauƙaƙe irin wannan cuta, masana sun bada shawarar yin amfani da kwayoyin cutar ta immuno-suppressive da ke kawar da rigakafi na tawaye (bisa ga likita da kuma karkashin kulawar likita).