Tun da waɗannan cututtuka sun faru sau da yawa kuma an sabunta su sau 6-8 a shekara, yana da amfani a san ainihin siffofin su. A cikin wannan labarin, zamu tattauna akan batun wannan batu na wannan shekara "Ciwo mai cututtuka mai cututtuka mai cututtuka a cikin yara".
Ƙananan cututtuka na fili na numfashi
- Colds. Daya daga cikin cututtuka mafi yawan yara a yara, dalilin da yafi dacewa likita ya kira kuma ya wuce a makaranta.
- Cikakken sanada yana haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta fiye da 200 (yafi rhinovirus da coronavirus), wanda ke haifar da kyallen takalma ko mucous membranes na ƙananan respiratory fili.
- Kwayoyin cututtuka na sanyi sun bayyana kwanaki 2-3 bayan an tuntube tare da mai dauke da kwayar cutar, zai iya wuce kimanin mako guda. A cikin jarirai, waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka sun haɗa da haɗari na jiki, zazzabi, damuwa, rashin barci, wani lokacin shan taba da kuma zawo.
- Hanyoyin cututtuka a cikin yara tsofaffi: ƙuntataccen hanci ko ƙusar hanci, ciwon makogwaro, idanu ruwa, sneezing, matsakaici na busassun tari, zazzabi, ciwo na tsoka, ciwon kai, gajiya. Da ƙuduri an fara ruwa, sa'an nan kuma ya zama lokacin farin ciki da rawaya. Cikin sanannen sanyi ya bambanta da mura - rashin lafiya mai tsanani, wahala da rikitarwa.
Yawancin yara suna fama da sanyi sau 6-8 a shekara kuma har sau da yawa idan sun je makaranta. Tun da shekaru 6, yara ba su da lafiya sosai sau da yawa. Matasa suna fama da sanyi sau 2-4 a shekara. Colds suna yawanci lura a cikin fall da spring. Ƙara yawan yanayin sanyi a wannan lokacin na shekara za a iya danganta ga gaskiyar cewa yara suna yin karin lokaci a cikin gida, a cikin hulɗa da wasu yara da kuma manya. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da sanyi suna ninka sauri a sanyi, iska mai bushewa. Colds yana faruwa ne saboda, a wasu lokuta, alamar cututtuka na iya zama kama, yana da muhimmanci a tuna da bambancin da ke tsakanin wadannan cututtuka.
Sinusitis
Yana da wani tsari na ƙurawa a cikin mucosa na sinadarai na paranasal - cavities a cikin iska a gaban shugaban. Zunubi suna cike da ƙuduri kuma suna haifar da rashin tausayi. Akwai mummunan sinusitis, wanda ba zai wuce makonni uku ba, tsawon lokaci na tsawon makonni 3 zuwa 3 da na yau da kullum, yana da tsawon watanni 3. Yawancin lokaci, sinusitis yana faruwa ne a matsayin sanyi mai sanyi ko kuma sakamakon rashin kulawa da rashin sanyi. Sinusitis yana fama da ciwo da ƙin gida, wani lokuta lokacin gyaran zalunci, ƙumburi na catarrhal, ƙuntatawa na hanci, zazzabi, ciwon kai, ko da mawuyacin hali mai sauƙi. Hanyar mafi mahimmanci na ganewar asali yana tare da taimakon hotunan x-ray na sinus na hanci. Rinking hanci tare da saline da kuma cire secretions su ne hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa wajen hana sanyi, amma zasu iya haifar da rashin tausayi ga yaro.
Pharyngitis
Ƙananan ƙonewa na membrane mucous na pharynx da tonsils, wanda ke nuna zafi a cikin kuturu, zai iya zama mai zafi sosai. A matsayinka na mulkin, ana haifar da kamuwa da cututtuka (a cikin 45-60% na lokuta), amma ƙonewa zai iya zama kwayan cuta (15%) ko ilimin ilimin ilimin (25-40%). Tare da kamuwa da bidiyo mai kamala, akwai ciwon makogwaro, tsohuwar tari da zafin fuska, wahala ta haɗiye, kuma a wasu lokuta - zazzabi da rashin jin dadi. Idan na karshe cututtuka suna da tsanani kuma suna ci gaba da fiye da kwana uku, ƙwayoyin cuta za su iya haifar da su. Dole ne a nemi likita don gano dalilin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta kuma ya rubuta magani mai dacewa tare da maganin rigakafi. Wani mawuyacin ganewa shine mawuyacin kwayar halitta, wani nau'i na pharyngitis na asali. Ana kula da shi kawai kamar sanyi, duk da haka, ya kamata ya tuntubi likita wanda ya yanke shawara ko ya dauki maganin rigakafi. Saboda cutar ta cutar ta hanyar watsawa daga hanci da hanci, yawancin iyalansu zasu iya samun lafiya a yanzu. Fitilar na kwayar cuta, wanda ya fi sau da yawa ta hanyar streptococcus mai yaduwa, yana tare da ciwo mai tsanani a cikin makogwaro, wahala a haɗuwa, zazzabi, ƙididdigar purulent a kan tonsils da a cikin makogwaro, ƙuƙwarar ƙwayar mahaifa (tsohuwar ƙwayar cuta). Saboda cutar na iya haifar da rikitarwa mai tsanani, ciki har da rheumatoid polyarthritis, cututtukan koda da kuma zafin zazzabi, duk wani magani ga pharyngitis yana buƙatar hanyar maganin kwayoyin maganin - penicillin (ko kuma abin da ya samo asali) ko erythromycin (madadin a cikin yanayin rashin lafiyar penicillin). Kafin a fara amfani da maganin rigakafi, ya zama dole a bincika samfurin samari na pharyngeal don sanin abin da kwayoyin cuta ke haifar da cutar.
Tonsillectomy (m cire daga tonsils)
Tonsils - gabobin biyu a kowane bangare na laushi mai laushi. Sun ƙunshi gungu na kwayar lymphoid da ke haifar da kwayoyin cutar da cututtuka, suna iya gani a cikin zurfin bakin bakin yaron, kusa da harshen, idan ba ta dauke shi ba. Idan an sake dawo da tonsillitis kuma ba ku amsa maganin magani ba, za'a iya cire takalma. Yawancin lokaci wannan aiki ana yin lokaci guda tare da cirewar adenoids. Kowace likita ya bambanta daban, amma ana amfani da shi a matsayin mai amfani:
- Tare da hypertrophy (wuce gona da iri) na tonsils - lokacin da tonsils suka yi girma da yawa suna hana numfashi, haifar da buƙatarwa kuma wani lokaci ba su ba damar damar haɗiye abinci.
- Tare da sake dawowa daga kamuwa da kututtuka.
- Lokacin da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyi suka bayyana akan tonsils. Irin waɗannan abubuwan mamaki suna da alamar komawa, suna dauke da haɗari.
- Tare da zubar da jini da aka haifar da tonsillitis.
- Idan girman tonsils yana kara haɗarin rhinitis da ƙwayar kunne.
Kumburi na kunnen tsakiya
Kunnen tsakiya yana haɗuwa da pharynx ta hanyar motar Eustachian, wanda ke nufin cewa cututtuka na fili na numfashi na sama yakan haifar da rikitarwa a tsakiyar kunne. Amma wani lokacin sukan bayyana ta hanyar kansu. Kunnen tsakiya ya zama mummunan lokacin da murfin da ke rufe shi yana haifar da ƙuduri. Yana rushe bututun Eustachian, yana fama da zafi kuma yana rage rashin jin kunnuwa (a cikin lokuta masu tsanani yana barazanar kurkuku). Kumburi za a iya kasancewa tare da zazzabi, ciwon kai da ƙetare. Babban manufar magani shine kawar da dalilin cutar.
- Idan kamuwa da cuta yana ci gaba, ya kamata a bi shi tare da maganin rigakafin da likita ya ba shi.
- Idan dalilin kamuwa da cuta shine rashin lafiyar, alurar riga kafi da magani tare da maganin antihistamines zai zama dole, kazalika da kula da abubuwan waje.
- Idan adenoids ya haifar da haɓari kuma ya danna tube na Eustachian, dole ne a cire su.
- Idan kumburi yana da ƙananan dalilai kuma yana da wuyar magancewa, tsaftacewar membrane na tympanic tare da tube mai filastik ya zama dole.
Ƙananan cututtuka na ƙwayar numfashi
- Maƙarƙin fata
Hanyar inflammatory a cikin trachea da bronchi, yawanci tare tare da kamuwa da cuta daga cikin ɓangaren na numfashi na sama ko wahala na karshen. Yawancin lokuta daga asibitoci, amma a wasu lokuta yana iya zama kwayan cuta (wanda kwayoyin cutar Mycoplasma pneumoniae ko Bordetella pertussis ke haifarwa, masu sinadarai masu cin gashin kansa). Ciwon huhu shine kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar ci gaban kwayoyin halitta a cikin alveoli; suna haifar da kumburi da kuma haifar da lalacewar huhu. Tare da wani mummunan motsawa a cikin alveoli, an bayyana asirin da ke bayyane a kan akwatin X-ray. Jiyya ne bayyanar cututtuka, wato, nufin kawar da tari da zazzaɓi. A wasu lokuta, musamman ma idan yazo ga yara masu rashin lafiyar, ƙuntataccen abu yana yiwuwa, yana buƙatar yin amfani da ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta. Ya kamata maganin rigakafi ya kasance tare da magani idan akwai tuhuma da kamuwa da cutar kwayan cuta: magana da likitan ku.
- Pertussis
Wannan cututtukan cututtuka ne ke haifar da kwayoyin Bordetella pertussis. Bayan lokacin shiryawa na tsawon kwanaki 8-10, yaro yana da alamun cututtuka na mashako, irin su tari, musamman a daren. Bayan kimanin mako daya, catarrh ya shiga cikin wani matsala, wanda yake magana da tari, tare da jin dadi. Idan suna faruwa a lokacin cin abinci, yaron zai fara farawa, kuma a cikin lokuta masu tsanani, har ma da cutar kwadon jini. Girma yana juyawa cikin numfashi mai zurfi. Kwayoyin cuta kusan dukkanin sun dogara ne akan tsananin karfin da zai iya haifar da emphysema na huhu. A wasu lokuta, lokacin da hawan yake tare da ciwo, yaron yana fama da rashin cin abinci mai gina jiki - wannan yana kara halin da ake ciki kuma yana jinkirin dawowa. Ciwon kamuwa yana haifar da kai tsaye kai tsaye tare da kamuwa da marasa lafiya, da mugunta, wanda aka saki a lokacin sneezing da coughing. Pertussis za a iya kamuwa da shi a kowane zamani, amma yana da yawa a cikin yara ƙanana. Za a iya hana rigakafin rigakafi, wanda aka tsara tare da maganin rigakafi da tetanus da diphtheria (maganin DTaP) a shekaru 2, 4 da 6, ya maimaita a watanni 18 da 6.
- Jariri na ciwo
Ciwon huhu yana tasowa lokacin da pathogens su shiga cikin ƙwayar jikin huhu, ta shiga cikin su ta hanyar hanci ko guru, tare da iska yayin numfashi, ta wurin jini. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, ɓangaren na numfashi yana cikin kwayoyin cuta (kwayoyin flora). Wadannan kwayoyin ba su shiga cikin huhu ba saboda aikin da kwayoyin halitta keyi da kuma tarihin kullun, wanda ke haifar da Kwayoyin ciliary da ke da alhakin cire duk wata kungiya ta waje. Idan waɗannan hanyoyin karewa sun raunana, masu pathogens sun shiga cikin huhu kuma suna haifar da kamuwa da cuta. Kwayoyin cututtuka na ciwon huhu sun bambanta. A wasu lokuta, sun dace da hoto na ciwon huhu, wadda aka bayyana ta bayyanar tari tare da sa ran (wani lokaci tare da jini) don da yawa hours ko 2-3 days kafin fashewa, kazalika da ciwon kwakwalwa da zazzabi tare da ciwo. Ciwon huhu da cutar ta hanyar pneumococci tasowa bisa ga wannan labarin. Sauran nau'in ciwon huhu, wadanda ke da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin cuta, suna da alamar ci gaba da bayyanar cututtuka: zafi mai haske, tsoka da haɗin gwiwa, gajiya da ciwon kai, tari na bushi ba tare da tsammanin ba, rashin jin zafi a kirji. Irin waɗannan marasa lafiya na iya zama marasa alamun bayyanar cutar daga tsarin kwayoyi - tashin zuciya, vomiting da zawo. Su ne ainihin hankulan cutar ciwon huhu da Mycoplasma, Coxiella da Chlamydia suka haifar. Lokacin da ya tabbatar da cutar ciwon huhu, ya kamata a fara fara magani a wuri-wuri. Tare da cutar pneumonia, ana amfani da maganin rigakafi. Zaɓin daya daga cikin maganin rigakafi mai yawa ya dogara ne da wakilin da ke cutar da cutar, matakin da ya tsananta, halayen ɗan yaron. Amma a wasu lokuta, ana iya buƙatar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje, anron yana asibiti domin nazarin da magani.
- Bronchiolitis
Wannan kamuwa da cututtuka na kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙananan ƙwayar cuta na faruwa a cikin yara. Bayan damuwa da yanayin zafi da zafi, matsalolin da numfashi na farawa, raƙuman ruwa mai zurfi, tari zai zama mai karfi da ci gaba. Har ila yau za'a iya samun ƙarar kirji, tare da bayyanar cututtukan cututtuka da fata fata ta canza launin shudi saboda hanawar hanyoyi. Bronchiolitis yakan kasance a matsayin cutar annoba, musamman a yara ƙanana fiye da watanni 18. Mafi sau da yawa ana lura da su cikin jarirai a cikin shekaru 6. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa shine maganin cutar na numfashi da kuma maganin annoba 3. Bronchiolitis ana daukar kwayar ta ta hanyar kai tsaye. Kwayar cutar tana cikin kananan droplets a cikin iska mai iska kuma ana iya yada ta hanyar sneezing ko tari. Yarin da yaron ya kamu da kwayar cutar don kwanaki 3-8, tsawon lokaci yana da kwanaki 2-8. Musamman sunadaran bronchiolitis (a cikin mafi tsanani) nauran da ba su da haihuwa, yara da cututtukan zuciya da rashin daidaituwa.
- Ƙona ƙananan kunnuwa na waje
Kumburi yana rinjayar tashar fili na waje, halin da ake ciki da zafi. Ƙara yawan samar da kayan aiki, saka ruwa a cikin kunnuwan, lalacewa ga kunnen kunne yana ƙara yawan yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta. Tashin zafi yana ƙaruwa tare da taɓa muryar kunnuwa da cin abinci, akwai fitarwa daga kunne. Jiyya: taimako mai zafi tare da analgesics - paracetamol, aspirin ko ibuprofen; maganin maganin rigakafi (ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, da dai sauransu) a hade tare da kwayoyi masu ƙwayoyin cuta. Idan membrane tympanic ko kunnuwa na waje da gland sun kumbura, ƙarin farfajiya da maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin rigakafi (amoxicillin da acid clavulanic, cefuroxime, da dai sauransu) ya zama dole. Yawanci irin waɗannan cututtuka ba su sake dawowa, musamman a lokacin rani. Don kauce wa su, an bada shawarar yin la'akari da haka.
- Karfafa yaron kada ya shafe kansa a cikin ruwa yayin wanka.
- A lokacin da wanke kansa da shan ruwa ya kamata a kare kunnuwa daga ruwa.
- Kada ka sanya kunnuwa da kumfa a cikin kunnuwanka, yayin da suke riƙe da danshi.
- Laryngitis, epiglottitis, croup
Wadannan cututtuka suna haifar da kamuwa da cuta a cikin sassan larynx. Laryngitis na kowa a cikin yara kuma yawanci ana haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Da irin wannan cututtuka, kamar epiglottitis, ƙonawa yana yaduwa cikin hanzari, zai iya kwance hanzarin hanyoyi kuma a cikin lokuta mafi tsanani suna kaiwa mutuwa. Babban wakili mai haɗari shine Haemophilus influenzae, irin B. Shinewa numfashi yana daya daga cikin alamun alamun wannan cuta, ana haifar da wahalar wucewar iska ta wurin muryoyin murya saboda ƙonewar larynx da trachea. Irin wannan cututtuka na iya haifar da cututtukan cututtuka da kwayoyin cututtukan kwayoyin cututtuka, sunadarai (cututtuka, ɓarna, gashi ko gashi), allergies (angioedema). Kwayar tsirrai shi ne mafi yawan abin da ke haifar da tayar da hankali a cikin yara masu shekara 1-5. Tare da croup, akwai kumburi da asalin hoto na asali, da tausayi da rashin ƙarfi na numfashi. Harkokin kuskuren karya sukanyi faruwa da sassafe: yaron ya farka daga gaskiyar cewa yana da wahala a gare shi ya numfasawa kuma daga karfin maganin damuwa. Wannan yanayin yakan faru ne bayan bayyanar cututtuka na catarrh ko sanyi, musamman ma a cikin kaka da hunturu, amma wannan baya nufin cewa croup ba zai iya yin rashin lafiya a kowane lokaci na shekara ba. Yanzu ku san abin da ke da cututtukan cututtuka na kyamarar cututtuka a cikin yara.