Bugu da ƙari ga tari, alamun da zazzafan ciwon sukari zai iya zama: rashin ƙarfi na numfashi - a farkon farkon cutar ya faru kawai tare da motsa jiki; A tsawon lokacin ya zama sanadiyar cewa yana da wuya fiye da yiwuwar yin ayyukan yau da kullum (alal misali, riguna); ƙãra mai sauƙi ga cututtuka - tare da sanyi da sauran cututtuka na numfashi, akwai yiwuwar saurin yaduwa zuwa kirji, ƙara yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, rashin ƙarfi na lalata numfashi da kuma huhu; damuwa, hanawa, rage yawan ƙwarewar jiki, babban malaise.
Abun ƙwayar cuta
Mashako na yau da kullum ana lura da ita a cikin tsofaffi. Wannan cuta tana faruwa a cikin kashi 17 cikin dari na maza da 8% na mata masu shekaru 40 zuwa 64. Yawancin su masu shan taba ne.
Dalilin
Babban dalilin cutar mashako da kuma emphysema shine taba taba. Binciken baƙar fata ba a lura da shi ba a cikin wadanda ba a san shi ba, kuma mataki na tsananin ya dace daidai da yawan cigaban cigaban taba kyauta kowace rana. Ƙananan dalilai masu muhimmanci shine gurɓataccen iska da ƙurar masana'antu, amma zasu iya haifar da cutar da ta rigaya ta kasance. Kwayoyin cututtuka da aka lura a cikin suturar fatawa na yau da kullum suna haifar da sarkar layi:
- Girman gira-gine-gine a cikin ganuwar bronchi da trachea ƙãra girma; daɗaɗɗen gland yana haifar da samar da wani asiri na sirri, wanda aka raba shi a matsayin hanyar sputum;
- Jigarin sputum yana haifar da fargaji na bronchi;
- Akwai shimfidawa na ganuwar bronchi, wanda ke kaiwa ga har ma mafi girma da katako.
Yin tafiya na ciwon sukari yana iya zama tare da mummunan ƙwayar bronchi, haɗuwa da turawa cikin su, da ciwon ulcers da kuma scars. A mafi yawan marasa lafiya tare da COPD (cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na yau da kullum), tare da ciwon sukari, akwai alamun emphysema. Emphysema daga cikin huhu suna halin da wadannan alamun bayyanar:
- canje-canje marar iyaka a cikin huhu, inda alveoli (jakar iska) ya karu a girman kuma ya rasa adadi;
- Sakamakon ɓangaren na numfashi yana cigaba da raguwa, wanda yake tare da bayyanar dyspnea;
- a mafi yawan lokuta, emphysema yana faruwa a cikin masu shan taba;
- wasu marasa lafiya suna da kayyadadden kwayoyin halitta ga ci gaban emphysema.
Kasancewar tari tare da tsutsawa a cikin mai shan taba tare da tarihin dogon tarihi yana haifar da zaton wani samfurori na ciwon daji na kullum. Duk da haka, wajibi ne don ware wasu mawuyacin yiwuwar tsokawar tari da rashin ƙarfi na numfashi - misali, fuka, tarin fuka ko ciwon huhu na huhu. Yayin da kake nazarin mai haƙuri da ciwon daji na yau da kullum, za a iya gano wadannan bayyanar cututtuka:
- rashin ƙarfi na numfashi;
- kwarewa ko alamu na ragewa a cikin sashi na iska zuwa cikin huhu a yayin da aka samu;
- numfashi mai sauri;
- numfashi na numfashi - haɗin ƙwayoyin intercostal da hanzari tare da wahayi;
- ragowar ƙaura na kirji akan wahayi;
- cyanosis - fata na mai haƙuri ya dubi bluish saboda rashin amfani da iska ko ƙara ƙarfin danniya akan zuciya sabili da canji a cikin huhu (abin da ake kira zuciya huhu).
Diagnostics
Sanin asali na ciwon sukari na yau da kullum yana dogara ne akan hanyoyin da ake biyowa:
- Tarihin rediyo bai kasance koyaushe ba, a farkon farkon cutar ba zai iya gano abubuwan da ba a hauka ba;
- gwaje-gwaje na jini - matakin haemoglobin da ƙarar erythrocytes da aka tsallake za'a iya karuwa saboda sakamakon da ya dace don rage yawan oxygen a cikin huhu;
- electrocardiogram (ECG) - zamu iya gano yawancin zuciya na kirki, yin zubar da jini zuwa ga huhu;
- gwajin gwaje-gwaje na aiki - an yi amfani da shi don auna girman ƙarar iska da iska mai kwashe, da mahimmancin matakan huhu.
Ayyukan muhimmiyar mahimmancin maganin mashako shine katsewar shan taba. Ko da tare da mummunan yanayin cutar, wannan yakan haifar da ragewa a tari. Ya kamata a kauce wa tasirin wasu abubuwa masu tayar da hankali, irin su gurbataccen iska da ƙurar masana'antu.
Magunguna
Akwai kungiyoyi masu amfani da kwayoyi da ake amfani da su don magance mashako na kullum:
- bronchodilators. Shirye-shirye na wannan rukuni (salbutamol, ipratropium bromide) na inganta fadada bronchi, wanda zai haifar da numfashi. Sunyi aiki mafi kyau kuma mafi kyau sunyi haƙuri da marasa lafiya a cikin nau'i na iska don inhalation;
- corticosteroids. Rage canje-canje na flammory. Ba duk marasa lafiya sun amsa maganin corticosteroids ba. Duk da haka, idan tafarkin gwaji na amfani da na prednisolone na tsawon kwanaki 2-3 yana kaiwa zuwa raguwa a dyspnea, za'a iya nuna magungunan lokaci mai tsawo tare da steroid. Madaran maganin steroid din da aka haifa sun fi ƙasa da Allunan, wanda zai rage haɗarin tasiri;
- maganin rigakafi. A cikin cututtuka na numfashi na numfashi, an tsara kwayoyin magance matsalolin daga huhu. Ana bada shawara don farawa lokacin da sputum ya bayyana yellowish ko greenish;
- rigakafin kamuwa da cuta. A ciwon daji na yau da kullum, yana da muhimmanci kada ku manta da shekara-shekara
- rigakafin rigakafi da cutar mura, saboda cutar ta ƙara haɗari ga ciwon kwakwalwa na huhu;
- yanayin oxygen. Musamman aka nuna tare da mummunan lalacewa a cikin aikin na numfashi ta hanyar cututtuka na numfashi. A cikin wahala mai tsanani na ciwon daji na yau da kullum, yalwacin ocongenatherapy, da aka gudanar a kowane lokaci (ko da lokacin barci), zai iya taimakawa rage rashin ƙarfi da kuma inganta rayuwar marasa lafiya.
Sauran jiyya
Hanyoyin da ke biyo baya iya inganta yanayin mashako:
- Physiotherapy - yana inganta sputum fitarwa;
- fashewar tururi - taimakawa wajen maganin phlegm, wanda ke kwance a kan tarihinsa;
- motsa jiki aikin - ƙirƙirar motsin mutum don yin amfani da jiki na yau da kullum na iya taimakawa rage rage numfashi da gajiya;
- Maganin samun iska daga cikin huhu - idan yanayin ya rikitar da ƙananan kamuwa da cuta, mai amfani na musamman zai iya amfani da shi (a lokuta idan wahalar numfashi ya zama barazanar rayuwa).
A farkon cutar, ana iya bayyana alamar cututtuka dan kadan. Mai haƙuri yana da tari tare da kadan sputum. Idan ka dakatar da shan taba a wannan mataki, babu ci gaba da cutar har ma da sake ci gaba da gyaran ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin bronchi. Tare da irin ciwon mashako da kuma ci gaba da shan taba, an riga an kafa cututtuka na cututtuka na numfashi, wanda zai iya zama da wahala ta hanyar ciwon huhu da nakasawar numfashi. Rashin mutuwa daga ciwon daji a cikin masu shan taba shine mafi girma fiye da wadanda basu taba shan taba ba. A kusan kashi 50 cikin dari na marasa lafiya, marasa lafiya da cututtuka na rashin lafiya sun mutu a cikin shekaru biyar na farkon cutar, amma maganin ya inganta da barin. Ƙananan ƙwayar mutuwa yana karuwa tare da gurɓataccen iska mai guba. Yanzu mun san yadda yawancin ciwon daji na ciwon sukari, da maganin wannan cuta, ke ci gaba.