Cholesterol, aikinsa na kwayoyin halitta da sinadaran


Game da shi kwanan nan yayi magana akai-akai, amma bayanin sau da yawa sabawa. Sun ce cholesterol abu ne mai banƙyama ga jiki kuma ya kamata a shirya shi, an ce yana da amfani da mahimmanci. Ina gaskiya? Mene ne ainihin cholesterol - aikinsa na kwayoyin halitta da sinadarai ga kwayar halitta an bayyana a cikin wannan labarin.

Cholesterol ne mai salo ne kuma an samo shi a cikin dabbobi, ciki har da mutane. Kwayar cholesterol kyauta shine ainihin sassan jikin kwayoyin halitta kuma yayi aiki a matsayin adadin hormones steroid, ciki har da estrogen, testosterone, aldosterone da bile acid. Abin sha'awa shine gaskiyar cewa jikinmu yana samar da kowane nau'i na cholesterol, wanda muke buƙatar a yawancin da ake bukata. Yayin da ake gudanar da nazarin ilimin cholesterol, likitoci sun auna matakin yaduwar cholesterol cikin jini, ko kuma wasu kalmomin, matakin cholesterol. 85% na cholesterol wanda ke gudana a cikin jini an samar da jiki kanta. Sauran 15% na fitowa daga kafofin waje - daga abinci. Ciwon cholesterol na cin abinci ya shiga cikin jiki ta hanyar amfani da nama, kaji, kifi da abincin teku, qwai da kayan dabara. Wasu mutane suna ci abinci masu cin abinci cholesterol, amma har yanzu suna da ƙwayar cholesterol da jini, kuma, a wasu lokuta, suna cin mutanen da ke cin abinci waɗanda ke da ƙananan cholesterol, wanda a lokaci guda suna da ƙananan cholesterol cikin jini. Matsayin cholesterol a cikin jini zai iya ƙaruwa ta hanyar shan cholesterol mai cin abinci, mai yawan fats da mai fat. Wannan karuwa a cikin cholesterol ana danganta shi da atherosclerosis - takarda a kan bango na tasoshin, wanda ya dace da yaduwar jini. Idan an katange suturar na jijiyoyin zuciya, ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya zai iya faruwa. Bugu da ƙari, idan ɓaɓɓan ƙirar ke dauke da su daga bango na tasoshin, zasu iya shiga cikin jini, tare da shi zuwa kwakwalwa da kuma haifar da bugun jini.

Menene "mai kyau" da "mummunan" cholesterol?

Akwai manyan nau'o'in lipoproteins guda biyu (ma'anar cholesterol), waɗanda ke aiki a cikin wasu hanyoyi. Ƙananan lipoprotein yana ɗauke da cholesterol daga hanta zuwa sauran jikin jiki da kyallen takalma. Lokacin da matakin wannan ƙwayar cholesterol ya yi yawa, an ajiye cholesterol a kan ganuwar jini. Saboda wannan, ake kira "mummunan" cholesterol. Tsarancin lipoprotein mafi girma, akasin haka, yana ɗauke da cholesterol daga jini zuwa hanta, inda aka sarrafa shi kuma ya fita daga jiki. Halin yiwuwar tarawar irin wannan cholesterol a kan ganuwar jini yana da ƙananan ƙananan. Abin da ya sa ake kira wannan cholesterol "mai kyau". A takaice, mafi girma da yawa daga lipoproteins, da ƙananan hadarin cututtukan zuciya da kuma atherosclerosis. Ga tsofaffi na shekaru 20 da sama, ana bada shawarar wadannan matakai masu kyau na cholesterol a cikin jini:

1. Gwargwadar ƙwayar cholesterol ta kasa da digi 200 a kowace digita (MG / DL);

2. "Cutar" maras kyau "- ba fiye da 40 mg / dL ba;

3. "Kyakkyawan" cholesterol - ba kasa da 100 MG / dl ba.

Cholesterol da cututtukan zuciya

Yawancin cholesterol a cikin jini zai iya haifar da matsala mai tsanani. A cikin shekarun 1960 da 70, masana kimiyya sun sami haɗi tsakanin matakan cholesterol da cutar cututtukan zuciya. Cholesterol deposits, abin da ake kira plaques, tara a kan ganuwar da arteries kuma rage jinkirin jini gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu. Wannan tsari na ƙuntatawa ana kiransa atherosclerosis kuma yawanci yakan auku a cikin arteries wanda ke bada jini daga tsoka tsoka ga dukkanin kwayoyin halitta da kyallen takalma. Lokacin da ɗaya ko fiye sassan zuciyar tsohuwar jiki ba ta sami isasshen jini, bi da bi, oxygen da na gina jiki, sakamakon haka zafi ne da aka sani da angina. Bugu da ƙari, za a iya saki wani takalmin cholesterol daga bango na jirgin ruwa na Carnan kuma ya sa shi toshe, wanda zai haifar da ciwon zuciya, bugun jini har ma da mutuwa ta kwatsam. Abin farin, za a iya jinkirta dakatarwar cholesterol, tsayawa da kuma hana shi kawai. Babban abu shi ne don kula da kanka kuma samun taimako daga kwararru a lokaci.

Cholesterol da abinci

Jikin jikin mutum yana karɓar cholesterol daga asali biyu: daga kanta - musamman daga hanta - yana samar da wani nau'i na wannan abu, yawanci kimanin 1000 MG. kowace rana. Abincin ya ƙunshi cholesterol. Dabbobi na asali na dabba - yafi qwai, jan nama, kaji, kifi da kayan abinci na madara da yawa sun ƙunshi cholesterol mai yawa. Abinci na kayan lambu ('ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, hatsi, kwayoyi da tsaba) ba su ƙunshi cholesterol ba. Wani mutum na yau yana daukan kimanin miliyon 360. cholesterol a rana, kuma mace ta zamani ta kimanin 220-260 MG. kowace rana. Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka ta bada shawarar cewa yawancin nau'in cholesterol kullum ba zai wuce 300 MG ba. Babu shakka mutane masu fama da hawan jini za su cinye cholesterol sau da yawa ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci jiki ya samar da isasshen cholesterol, wanda ya zama dole, saboda haka ba lallai ba ne a dauki shi da abinci. Damaccen fatty acid shine ainihin magungunan cutar high cholesterol cikin jini. Yana biye da hakan, ta hanyar tallafawa cin abinci mai hatsari, zazzaɓin cholesterol zai iya ragewa, saboda yawancin abincin da ke cikin fatsari mai yawan gaske yana dauke da babban cholesterol.

Matsayin aikin na jiki a cikin ka'idojin ƙwayoyin cholesterol

Ayyukan jiki na ƙaruwa sosai a cikin kullun, ba tare da banda. Har ila yau yana taimakawa wajen daidaita nauyin jiki, ya hana ciwon sukari da kuma hawan jini. Ayyuka na baka jiki (tafiya da sauri, hagu, iyo) yana inganta ƙwayar zuciya da kuma kara haɓakar halitta. A takaice dai, aikin rawar jiki cikin rigakafin cututtukan zuciya na zuciya shine babban abu. Ko da aikin yin aiki na matsakaici, idan aka yi a kowace rana, ya rage hadarin cututtukan zuciya. Misalan misalai suna tafiya don jin dadi, aikin lambu, gidan gida, rawa da kuma dacewa a gida.

Dalili na Hadarin

Akwai dalilai masu yawa wadanda zasu shafi matakin cholesterol - rawar jiki da sinadaran jiki a jiki. Wadannan sun hada da abinci, shekarun, nauyi, jima'i, yanayin kwayoyin, cututtuka da kuma salon rayuwa. Kuma a yanzu game da kowane ɗayansu a cikin dalla-dalla.

Abinci

Akwai dalilai guda biyu da yasa matakin ƙwayar cholesterol cikin jini ya karu. Da fari. Wannan shi ne amfani da abinci mai kyau a cikin ƙwayoyin mai yatsun ƙwayoyi, yayin da fats da kansu ba su ƙunshi cholesterol (ciki har da samfurori da manyan matakan kayan lambu, da dabino da kwakwa mai man fetur). Na biyu. Wannan abincin ne tare da babban abun ciki na cholesterol (ƙungiyar waɗannan abinci da aka ambata a sama). Har ila yau, yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa kawai abinci na asalin dabba ya ƙunshi cholesterol.

Shekaru

Matsayin cholesterol a cikin jini yana ƙaruwa da shekaru - ko da kuwa cin abinci. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya kamata likitoci suyi la'akari lokacin da suke yanke shawara a kan zaɓuɓɓukan magani don marasa lafiya da yawan jini na cholesterol.

Weight

Matsayi mai yawa, a matsayin mai mulki, yana kaiwa zuwa matakin ƙwayar cholesterol cikin jini. Yankin da aka sanya nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyi, kuma yana taka rawar da ya shafi rayuwa. Rashin haɗari yafi girma idan nauyin hawan yana zubar da ciki a ciki da ƙananan idan an mayar da shi cikin buttocks da kafafu.

Jima'i

Maza suna da matsayi mafi yawan ƙwayar cholesterol, ba kamar mata ba, musamman a cikin shekaru 50. Bayan shekaru 50, lokacin da mata suka shiga lokacin hawan menopause, suna ganin yawan karuwar isrogen, wanda zai haifar da wani ƙwayar "mummunan" cholesterol.

Yanayin yanayi

Wasu mutane suna da tsinkaye ga hawan cholesterol. Yawancin cututtuka masu nauyin halayen da zasu iya haifar da ƙwayar cholesterol ko rage yiwuwar kawar da shi. Wannan yanayin zuwa matsanancin ƙwayar cholesterol shine sau da yawa daga iyayensu zuwa yara.

Harkokin cututtuka

Wasu cututtuka, irin su ciwon sukari, na iya rage ƙwayar cholesterol da triglycerides, don haka ya kara ci gaban atherosclerosis. Wasu kwayoyi da ake amfani da su don rage karfin jini zai iya ƙara yawan "cholesterol" da triglycerides kuma rage matakin "cholesterol" mai kyau.

Salon

Babban matsala da shan taba suna da wasu abubuwa da zasu iya tasiri sosai a matakin cholesterol cikin jini. A gefe guda, aikin na jiki na yau da kullum zai iya ƙara yawan "cholesterol" kuma rage matakin "mummunan".