A cikin tubules, yawancin ruwa da abubuwan da jiki ke buƙata yana da su. Allergic koda nephritis wata matsala ce ta wannan zamanin. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, ana gina lita 180 na filayen fitsari a kowace rana saboda tsaftacewa, amma kawai lita 1.5 ne aka saki. Nasritis yana faruwa a cikin cututtuka masu zuwa:
- Glomerulonephritis. An bayyana shi da kumburi na glomeruli, wanda sakamakonsa zai iya rage yawan gyaran filtration. Akwai jinkiri a cikin shinge a cikin jiki, kuma sunadarai da kwayoyin jini na jini sun fada cikin fitsari. A lokuta masu tsanani, akwai ƙananan adadin hurarrun fitsari, wanda zai iya samun launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa ko ja. Akwai kumburi na ƙananan tsummoki, ƙananan baya, idanu, matsa lamba na jini. Tsarin mai tsanani na glomerulonephritis zai iya zama tare da lethargy, tashin zuciya da zubar da ciki, saboda kiyaye jigilar nitrogen (cututtuka) a cikin jini.
- Ƙungiyar Nasrotic. Urin yana dauke da adadin furotin, wanda sakamakon hakan ya haifar da kumburi (dropsy). Pyelonephritis: Daya daga cikin kodaya biyu ne da cutar ta kamu da kwayar cuta, ciwon daji yana tare da zafin jiki da kuma rawar jiki a cikin jiki. A cikin fitsari, zubar da jini zai iya bayyana. A cikin cututtukan fata, kodan yana karuwa saboda girman ƙwayar cuta, tare da yiwuwar ci gaba da raguwa.
- Renal rashin nasara. Rushewar Renal a wani wuri na farko yana faruwa ne a lokacin da ya dace. A wani mataki na baya, malaise, asarar ci abinci, saurin urination, pruritus, nausea, vomiting, tingling na yatsunsu, rashin ƙarfi na numfashi, hanawa da kuma bayyana. A lokuta masu tsanani, kodan zai iya hana samar da fitsari.
- Ƙananan glomerulonephritis yana da ƙari mai yawa. A mafi yawancin lokuta, haɓakawa yana haɗuwa da wani abu mai mahimmanci na motsa jiki, wanda yake tare da lalacewar glomeruli. Ga wasu nau'o'in nephritis, ba'a san abin da aka yi wa antigen ba. Abun antigens da aka sani sun hada da kwayoyin, kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyi.
- Kwayoyin cuta. Wani sanadin hanyar glomerulonephritis, musamman a cikin yara, shine kamuwa da cuta tare da rukuni na Beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Wannan microorganism shine wakili na tonsillitis, cututtukan kunne na tsakiya ko phlegmon (kamuwa da fata). Bayan daya daga cikin wadannan cututtuka, za a iya ci gaba da ciwon gwargwado. Kwayoyin cuta kamar salmonella, staphylococcus ko gonococcus kuma zasu iya haifar da lalacewar koda.
- Farawa. Jade na iya haifar da irin wannan kwayar cuta kamar ƙwayar ciwon jini (Plasmodium malaria), ƙaddamar jini (flukes) - schistosomes da filarias.
- Kwayoyin cuta. Kwayoyin cututtuka na kwayar cutar, ciki har da mumps, kyanda, pox na kaza, maganin ƙwayar cuta, Coxsackie cutar, hepatitis A da B, HIV, kuma zai iya zama dalilin dabbar.
Bugu da ƙari, wahalar hawan gaggawa saboda girman karuwanci, mahaifa ko ureter valve (a cikin yara) wani abu ne wanda zai iya haifar da kamuwa da cutar urinary, wadda ke hade da ci gaban ƙwayar cuta mai tsinkaye. Cututtuka tare da maganin gaggawa (cututtuka na asibiti), ciki har da lupus erythematosus da nodular periarteritis, na iya zama ma'anar nephritis. Tare da tsarin lupus erythematosus, tsarin ƙwayar kodan ya lalace, duka a cikin manya da yara. Nodular periarteritis (cututtuka na bango) sau da yawa yana rinjayar tsofaffi da tsofaffi. Kwayoyin cutar kwayoyin halitta zai iya bayyana lalacewar ganuwar tasoshin sararin samaniya na matsakaicin matsakaici. Kamar yadda yake tare da cututtukan koda, an gwada cikakken jarrabawa don tabbatar da ganewar asali. Nazarin aikin koda ya haɗa da:
- bincike na fitsari - ƙaddamar da ƙwayar gina jiki, erythrocyte da kuma silinda (ƙwayoyin microscopic masarufi da fat);
- auna na ƙarar excinement fitsari;
- gwaje-gwaje na jini - ƙaddamar da matakan gina jiki da kuma nitrogenous scag, irin su urea da creatinine;
- Smears daga pharynx, kunne da fata don gano kwayoyin cuta;
- X-ray na Cheta - yana ba da izinin sanin ƙayyadadden ruwa a cikin huhu da kuma karuwa daga zuciya saboda wuce haddi;
- nuni da kodan ta yin amfani da hasken X da kuma CT scans - an yi ne a cikin mata masu fama da ciwon urinary ciwon cututtuka; An umarci maza da yara a bayan wani akwati na cutar tare da wannan kamuwa da cuta;
- kwayar cutar koda - ta amfani da allurar rigakafi don ɗaukar karamin samfurin koda. Ana binciken abin da aka samo a ƙarƙashin sashin microscope;
- Cystography a lokacin urination - dabarar gani, wanda ya ba da dama don ƙayyade yadda ya dace da zuwan mafitsara.
Wajibi ne a gudanar da cikakken nazarin mai haƙuri da ke fama da ƙananan nephritis, lokacin da za a rubuta adadin bugu da ruwa mai guba kowace rana. Ruwan jini ya kamata a auna kullum. Idan akwai ƙarin matsa lamba, yin amfani da magunguna masu dacewa ya zama dole. Don magance cututtuka, ana amfani da maganin rigakafi. Muhimmiyar rawar da ake takawa ta cin abinci tare da abun ciki mai sauƙi. A cikin marasa lafiya marasa lafiya, wajibi ne don rage yawan amfani da gina jiki a abinci. A wasu lokuta, saduwa da corticosteroids da cyclophosphamide (kwayoyin cytotoxic). Magunguna da ke fama da rashin cin nasara koda, wadda aka hade da glomerulonephritis, za'a iya ba da umurni ga hemodialysis. Magunguna da ciwo na nephrotic suna bada shawarar rage cin abinci a cikin gishiri. Wasu daga cikin su an tsara su a cikin maganin corticosteroid a manyan allurai, wanda zai taimaka wajen hana sinadaran cikin fitsari. Ana amfani da Diuretics don ƙara yawan ƙwayar fitsari. An umarce su don yin amfani da harshe. Magunguna da ke fama da mummunan pyelonephritis suna buƙatar maganin rigakafi. Kulawa ta dace da cututtuka na urinary a cikin yara yana da muhimmanci wajen hana hauhawar jini da kuma gazawar koda a nan gaba. Yin aikin da ake nufi da sake dawowa da fitsari na iya hana ci gaba da ciwon kwakwalwa.
- Glomerulonephritis don dalilan da ba a sani ba. Sanarwar wannan cuta ba shi da kyau, saboda haka kulawa mai kyau ya zama dole. Wasu marasa lafiya suna ci gaba da cin nasara koda a cikin 'yan makonni ko watanni.
- Ƙungiyar Nasrotic. Yara suna da kyau tare da maganin corticosteroid. Sakamakon magani a cikin tsofaffi sun fi muni.
- Ƙananan pyelonephritis. Yawancin lokaci marasa lafiya suna karɓar maganin kwayoyin cutar. Zai zama wajibi ne don yin aiki mai mahimmanci don sake dawowa da fitsari mai ma'ana ko gyara kuskuren vesicoureteral.
- Kwancen jini na yau da kullum. Jiyya na hauhawar jini kuma renal gazawar yana karkashin hanya. Dalilin mummunar rauni a cikin kashi 10-15% na lokuta shine glomerulonephritis. Kowace shekara dubban mutane a duniya suna shan maganin hemodialysis ko shan ƙwayar koda saboda rashin cin nasara koda. Yawancin su marasa lafiya ne da glomerulonephritis. Mafi yawan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta a halin yanzu shine pyelonephritis.
- Sashin ciwon Alport shine ilimin cututtuka wanda ya shafi mutum 1 daga 5000. Wasu bayanai game da wannan cuta: cutar ta shafi maza fiye da mata; halin da ake ci gaba da ci gaba da raunanawa da kuma kurum; akasarin glomeruli na kodan; sau da yawa alamar farko na cutar ita ce kasancewar jini a cikin fitsari.