Tarihin Anna Pavlova

Rayuwarta da aiki sunyi wahayi da farin ciki ga mutane da yawa. Dubban 'yan mata, suna kallo Anna Pavlova sun fara mafarki da wasan kwaikwayo, suna yin mafarki a kalla kashi dari na rabuwa a cikin basirarta. Kuma miliyoyin mutane, kallon ta rawa, sun manta, kawai na 'yan mintuna kaɗan, game da matsaloli da damuwa, jin dadin alherin, kyakkyawa da kuma alherin mai girma. Abin farin ciki, ragowar bidiyo na wasanni sun tsira, kuma a yanzu haka magoya bayanta za su iya shiga ciki kuma za su kasance tare da kyautar kyautar "swan na Rasha".
Duk da haka, rayuwarta ba ta da sauki kuma mai sauki. Har ila yau, tarihinsa yana da launi masu yawa, amma abu daya yana da mahimmanci: labarunta da daraja shi ne sakamakon rashin aiki, aiki mai wuya, ƙarfin horo na ƙarfe da rashin jituwa.

Yara da kuma mafarki
An haifi Anna Pavlova ranar 31 ga watan Janairu, 1881, a kusa da St. Petersburg a cikin dangin soja da kuma 'yar mata. Mahaifinta Matvey Pavlov ya mutu lokacin da yarinyar ta kasance shekaru 2. Duk da haka, akwai dalili na gaskanta cewa ya sadu da uwar mahaifiyar ta gaba lokacin da ta haifa tare da Anna. Akwai jita-jita cewa mahaifin Pavlova shi ne sanannen masani mai suna Lazar Polyakov, a cikin gidan da mahaifiyarta ke aiki. Amma har yanzu bai yiwu ba don tabbatarwa ko musun wannan bayani. Hagu tare da uwarsa, Lyubov Fedorovna Polyakova, sun fara zama a Ligovo kusa da St. Petersburg.

Iyali sun rayu cikin talauci, amma har yanzu mahaifiyar ta yi ƙoƙarin yin ƙoƙari don faranta wa 'yarta kyauta tare da kyauta da kuma jin daɗi. Don haka, yayin da yarinyar ta kasance shekaru 8, mahaifiyarsa ta dauke ta zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayon Mariinsky na farko. A wannan rana, wasan kwaikwayon "Abun Kiyaye" ya kasance a kan mataki. A aikin na biyu, 'yan raye-raye suna yin waltz mai kyau kuma mahaifiyar ta tambaye ta idan ta so ta rawa rawa. Abin da yarinya ta amsa ya ce a'a, tana son yin rawa, kamar mai balle da ke taka leda.

Tun daga wannan rana, matashi na gaba ba ta tunanin bambancin da ke kanta ba, sai dai yadda za a ba da labarin rayuwarta ga ballet. Ta yi wa mahaifiyarta damar tura ta zuwa makaranta. Duk da haka, ba a dauki yarinyar nan da nan, tun da yake bai kai shekara 10 ba. A halin yanzu, mafarki na zama dan wasan biki bai rasa ba, amma ya karfafa. Bayan 'yan shekarun baya, an yarda da uwargida Pavlov zuwa makarantar Ballet na Kasa.

Nazarin a makarantar ballet
Kwararren Kwalejin Ballet na Ballet ya yi kama da monastic. Duk da haka, suna koyarwa a nan daidai, wannan ita ce inda aka kiyaye fasaha ta Rasha.

Anna Pavlova ba ta shan wahala daga horo mai tsanani da kuma cajin makarantar ba, saboda an kammala karatunsa duka a cikin nazarin kuma duk ya ba da kansa ga darussan da ake yi a tarihin wasan kwaikwayon da balle. Yawancin lokaci ya damu da ita, kamar yadda yake kamar haka, rashin daidaito a cikin motar jiki. Gaskiyar ita ce, a wancan lokacin 'yan wasan' yan wasa, tare da karfi da ke ci gaba da kwarangwal da tsokoki, an dauka su zama ma'auni na dan wasan, saboda ya fi sauƙi a gare su suyi dabaru daban-daban da kuma pirouettes. Kuma Anna ta kasance mai zurfi, mai sauƙi, mai ma'ana, kusan "m" saboda haka ba a dauke shi dalibi mai ban sha'awa ba. Duk da haka, malamanta sun dauki lokaci don ta ga abin da ya sa ta kasance a tsakanin sauran dan rawa: rawar jiki mai ban mamaki da kuma alheri, kuma mafi mahimmanci - ikon yin tunani da kuma "farfado" tunanin da kullun wadannan matan da ta yi. Kyakkyawan "iska", rashin tausayi da sauƙi sun cika da rawa tare da kyakkyawa kyakkyawa da asiri. Saboda haka, "rashin "ta ya zama mai karɓuwa marar iyaka.

Mariinsky gidan wasan kwaikwayon da nasara
A 1899, Anna Pavlova ya kammala digiri daga makarantar ballet kuma an yarda da shi a cikin wasan kwaikwayon Mariinsky. Da farko ta ji daɗin matsayi na biyu. Amma sannu-sannu, saboda irin abubuwan da suka saba da shi, da motsa jiki da kuma ruhaniya, masu sauraro sun fara raira shi a tsakanin sauran masu zane-zane. Ta fara ba da gudummawa da yawa, ta fara aiki na biyu, sannan kuma ya riga ya koma aikin farko.

A cikin shekara ta 1902, ta rawa a "La Bayadere" ta shahara da masu kallo da kuma masu sana'a. Kuma a 1903 Papvelova ya fara bayyana a kan mataki na Bolshoi Theatre. Daga wannan lokacin ya fara nasara a kan rukunin Rasha. Akwai wasan kwaikwayo na "The Nutcracker", "The Humpbacked Horse", "Raymonda", "Giselle", inda Pavlova ke yi wa manyan jam'iyyun.

Matsayi na musamman a cikin aikin rawar da ya yi ta Mikhail Fokin ya buga. Mun gode wa ƙungiyar haɗarsu, abin ban mamaki da ban mamaki abu ne da aka haife shi - samar da "Swan" zuwa waƙar sauti na Saint-Saens. An san ra'ayin wannan aikin na minti 2 a cikin bazara, kuma rawa ya zama cikakkiyar ingantawa. Amma an kashe shi sosai, yana da haske sosai kuma yana da ban sha'awa cewa ya rinjayi zukatan masu kallo a wani batu, daga bisani ya karbi sunan "Dying Swan", wanda daga bisani ya zama lambar kambi da katin ziyartar Anna Pavlova.

Mawallafin Saint-Saens ya yarda a baya cewa kafin ya dubi hoton Pavlova don waƙarsa, bai taba tunanin irin kyakkyawan aikin da ya hada ba.

Yawon shakatawa da kansa
Tun 1909, ziyarar duniya ta Anna Pavlova ta fara. Shahararrun duniya da sanarwa ta ita ta haifar da samfurori na "Rashanci Rasha" daga Sergei Diaglev a babban birnin kasar Faransa. Duk da haka, tana sha'awar 'yanci da kuma mafarki na samar da kanta. Kuma a shekarar 1910 sai ta bar gidan wasan kwaikwayon Mariinsky kuma ta fara tafiya ne kadai tare da wasanta. Tarihin maganganunta na rufe kusan dukkanin duniya: Turai, Amurka, Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya. Kuma duk inda ta tafi, masu sauraro sun maraba da ita a matsayin tauraron duniya mai haske. Pavlova ya ba da wasanni iri-iri a kowace rana, yana sanya dukkan waƙarta zuwa wasan kwaikwayon kuma ba ya jin tausayin lafiyarta, wadda ta kasance tun yana ƙuruciya kuma ba ta da karfi. Domin fiye da shekaru 20 na dindindin, ya buga wasanni fiye da 8. Sun ce cewa har shekara guda dole ne ta shafe dubban dubban maki.

Anna Pavlova da Victor Dendre
Rayuwar rayuwar Anna Pavlova ta kasance mai ɓoye daga idanu. Mai wasan kwaikwayo kanta ya ce iyalinta gidan wasan kwaikwayon ne da wasan kwaikwayo, sabili da haka sauƙin yara masu farin ciki, irin su miji da yara, ba su da ita. Duk da haka, ko da yake ta ba bisa hukuma ba ne bayan mijinta, mutumin da ke cikin zuciyarsa yana tare da ita.

Victor Dendre wani injiniya ne na kasar Rasha da dan kasuwa tare da tushen asalin Faransa. Abokarsu da Pavlova ba sauƙi ba ne, sai suka rabu, sa'an nan kuma suka canza. A 1910, an kama Dendre da zargin zargin cin zarafi. Anna Pavlova ya ba da kuɗi mai yawa don ceton ɗanta ƙaunatacce. Sun ce shi ne don tattara kudaden adadin kuɗi domin a saki shi, ta ba ta kare kanta ba, kuma ta taka leda don wasanni 9-10 a mako daya, tana zagaye na duniya.

Victor Dendre ya taka muhimmiyar rawa, yana magana a cikin harshen zamani, mai gabatarwa Anna Pavlova. Tattaunawa ta rangadin, latsa taron da zaman hotunan hoto. Sun sayi gidan a kusa da London, tare da manyan tafkunan kuma, ba shakka, fararen fata, inda suka zauna tare da Anna.

Amma Dendra ne wanda ya ƙunshi wasan kwaikwayon da ke da nauyin yin wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayon da yawon shakatawa, yana ƙoƙari ya kwashe duk abin da ke cikinta, ba Annaba da kansa ba, ko lafiyarsa. Watakila wannan shi ne abin da ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a mutuwarta.

Anna Pavlova ya mutu a ranar 23 ga watan Janairun 1931, daga ciwon huhu, ba tare da rayuwa a mako ba kafin ranar haihuwar ranar hamsin. Yayin da yawon shakatawa a Holland a kan jirgin, inda Anna ke tafiya tare da ƙungiyar, fashewar ya faru. Pavlova ya bar mota a cikin dare mai duhu tare da gashin gashi wanda aka jefa a kafaɗarsa. Kuma bayan 'yan kwanaki sai ta yi rashin lafiya tare da ciwon huhu. Sun ce lokacin da suka mutu, kalmomin karshe ita ce "Ku zo mini da kaya na Swan" - har ma a kan mutuwar ta, ta ci gaba da tunani game da ballet.